股价信息含量与企业资本配置效率研究

股价信息含量代表证券市场的信息效率,其与资本配置效率之间具有密切的相关关系.以股价波动同步性作为股价信息含量的度量指标,在借鉴Richardson模型计量自由现金流、过度投资和投资不足的基础上,以2001年～2008年在沪深证券交易所上市的制造业公司为研究样本,从过度投资和投资不足的视角研究股价信息含量与企业资本配置效率之间的因果关系.实证结果表明,随着股价信息含量的提高,企业滥用自由现金流进行过度投资的行为能够得到有效的抑制,股价信息含量的提高还可以有效缓解企业的投资不足,证券市场信息效率的提高可以改善资本的配置效率,研究结论有助于更好地理解证券市场信息效率对资本配置效率促进作用的微观机理.     

管理者权力、会计盈余质量与企业过度投资的实证研究

现有文献在研究会计信息质量与企业过度投资的关系时,多停留在代理成本视角和信息不对称下的"融资约束"视角,沿袭的是现金流量分析思路,忽视了控制权因素的影响。该文基于转轨经济的制度背景,结合代理理论和控制权理论,从管理者权力的视角出发,实证研究了管理者权力、会计盈余质量与企业过度投资之间的内在联系。实证检验发现,会计盈余质量的提升可以明显缓解管理者的代理问题,降低企业的过度投资水平,提高投资效率,但管理者权力的存在会弱化会计盈余质量对企业过度投资的抑制作用。进一步根据市场化进程进行分组检验后发现,管理者权力对会计盈余质量的调节效应在市场化进程低的样本组表现得更显著,说明了制度环境对管理者权力具有一定的约束作用。因此,企业在重视提高会计信息质量、优化投资决策的同时,也不能忽视管理者权力的影响,应通过合理配置企业的权力结构,以提高投资效率。     

管理层激励、过度投资与企业价值

本文以2005-2010年的沪深A股上市公司为样本,研究过度投资可能引发的后果,并研究管理层激励不足对过度投资后果的影响.实证结果发现,一方面,过度投资能为管理层带来更高的未来货币薪酬,在管理层激励水平较低时,管理层更可能通过过度投资为自己带来未来货币薪酬的增加;另一方面,过度投资减损了企业价值,过度投资企业的未来经营业绩更低,未来财务风险更大,在管理层激励水平较低时,价值减损更为显著.     

营商环境、投资承载力与企业投资效率——基于我国上市公司的实证研究

企业外部环境的治理是一个重要而特殊的领域，提升企业投资效率的关键在于为企业提供优良的外部营商环境.基于资源禀赋、基础设施及区域治理环境的不均衡特征，提出区域投资承载力概念，并从支持力、压力和调节力三个维度构建投资承载力评估体系.在测算我国31个省市投资承载力水平的基础上，从影响企业投资效率的外部因素出发，实证分析营商环境、区域投资承载力对上市企业投资效率的影响.以2006年～2017年我国深沪两市A股上市企业为研究样本，通过固定效应模型验证了营商环境质量对企业投资效率、投资不足和过度投资的影响，同时分析了制度营商环境和区域投资承载力综合作用对企业投资效率的影响方向和影响机制.研究发现：1)我国区域投资效率差异显著；2)提高营商环境质量有助于企业投资效率的提升；3)降低投资承载力中的压力、提升投资承载力中的支持力和调节力会促进营商环境对企业投资效率的正向影响.建议政府营商环境改革的同时，从提升区域投资承载力视角促进企业投资效率.     

减税降费对企业投资效率的影响研究

减税降费政策是促进企业发展、提高市场活力的重要举措,对提高企业投资效率、推进供给侧改革具有重要意义。本文通过我国沪深A股上市公司2012-2020年的数据,对减税降费对企业投资效率的影响进行研究。研究结果表明：减税降费能够有效提升企业的投资效率;机制检验表明,减税降费可以通过缓解融资约束,减少企业投资不足的行为,通过降低信息不对称程度抑制过度投资的行为。通过进一步研究发现,减税降费对提高民营企业、低自由现金流企业投资效率的效果更为显著;政策对不同成长机会的企业影响效应有所区别;政策对市场化程度较高地区的企业投资不足的作用更加明显,而对市场化程度较低地区的企业过度投资的作用更为明显。本文还提出了推进减税降费政策,从而提高企业投资效率、促进企业高质量发展的政策建议。     

集团控制、融资优势与投资效率

本文在企业组织理论与投融资理论相融合的统一分析框架下,从集团融资及其对投资效率的影响这一路径考察了集团控制及其内部资本市场运作对成员企业资源配置效率的影响。以A股上市公司2007—2010年的数据为样本,我们发现:集团化运作能通过多种途径放松成员企业的融资约束;而集团控制所带来的融资优势对成员企业投资效率的影响具有两面性。一方面会因资金来源的增加而缓解投资不足,另一方面却因整体融资能力的增强而加剧过度投资。进一步分析显示,产权异质性对集团资源配置效率有重要的影响。集团化运作的融资优势在私有产权控制的集团公司中得到最大发挥,具体表现为缓解投资不足;而地方政府控制的集团公司则容易利用低成本融资进行过度投资;中央政府控制的集团公司融资优势不明显,过度投资程度也较轻。上述研究结论将有助于我们全面深入的理解企业集团的"光明面"与"黑暗面"。     

资本结构、股权融资和企业投资行为

本文建立了一个基于资本结构和股权融资的企业投资决策模型,内生地获得了企业投资时机、破产时机和股权出售比率,克服了传统企业投资决策模型研究不考虑融资影响的不足。本文模型的仿真结果表明,企业的初始债务和投资时的股权融资对企业投资具有较强的影响:初始债务对企业投资具有推动作用,而投资时的股权融资对企业投资产生抑制作用,这两方面的共同作用会导致企业的投资不足或过度。     

中国企业境外上市之思考

<正>新世纪以来,中国企业在境外上市已成为其资本运作与直接融资的重要方式,由于境外上市程序比较简单。尤其美国的IPO发审制度是注册制或备案制,不需要排长队等候,且纽交所及纳斯达克容量大,上市门槛相对较低,如优酷是不符合国内新股发行条件,上市前三年企业都处于亏损状态。美国资本市场正是凭借上市的低门槛,将中国一     

会计稳健性对企业投资效率的影响

本文在新会计准则背景下,选取2008～2010年我国A股上市公司作为研究样本,实证分析会计稳健性对企业投资效率的影响。实证结果表明,会计稳健性有助于抑制公司的过度投资,缓解投资不足行为,从而对企业的投资效率产生影响。     

创业板上市公司投资行为研究

本文采用托宾Q理论观察创业板上市公司的投资行为,发现创业板公司上市前普遍存在过度投资行为,但在上市的当年及以后年度均处于价值最大化的投资状态,即存在上市前托宾Q＜1,上市后托宾Q＞1的现象.从高技术企业发展理论与社会资本角度,对其投资动因进行剖析后,本文认为,扩大经营规模是创业板公司投资的内在动因,创业企业家的社会关系网络是创业公司投资重要的推动因素.     

Educational Landscapes and Urban Development. Contextual and Spatial Interfaces and Linkages

In the broad sociopolitical discussion on education quality within the last decade, it has become apparent that education is gaining importance for urban development, as well as space and the urban context are important dimensions of education. This becomes particularly evident in concepts for local educational landscapes (Ger. Bildungslandschaften). The young field of research on educational landscapes is currently lacking empirical research from spatial and planning sciences. In the paper, the current state of scientific research on educational landscapes in Germany and Europe and first insights to contextual and spatial interfaces and linkages between education and urban development in general are presented.     

Inventory Models with Continuous and Poisson Demands and Discounted and Average Costs

We develop a new, unified approach to treating continuous‐time stochastic inventory problems with both the average and discounted cost criteria. The approach involves the development of an adjusted discounted cycle cost formula, which has an appealing intuitive interpretation. We show for the first time that an (s, S) policy is optimal in the case of demand having a compound Poisson component as well as a constant rate component. Our demand structure simultaneously generalizes the classical EOQ model and the inventory models with Poisson demand, and we indicate the reasons why this task has been a difficult one. We do not require the surplus cost function to be convex or quasi‐convex as has been assumed in the literature. Finally, we show that the optimal s is unique, but we do not know if optimal S is unique.     

E-governance and Corruption-developments and Issues in Ethiopia

This paper reports the results of a survey of 400 respondents in Ethiopia about factors generating corruption and the potential of e-Governance to mitigate corruption. It is suggested that e-Governance can help not only in weeding out corruption but also in the establishment of sounder government citizen relationships in Ethiopia. While e-Governance cannot cure all the structural factors that breed corruption in the society, strategic implementation of e-Governance can help improve the critical variable in combating corruption-government citizen relationships. It is argued that while e-Governance initiatives can make important contributions to improving public services they can best do so by helping improve overall relationships between governments and citizens.

CEO and Chairperson characteristics and firm performance

This paper focuses on the relationship between Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chairperson characteristics and firm performance. Specifically, the study examines the association between the characteristics of the CEO and the Chairperson of the board and firm performance. Using a sample of S&P 500 firms, the evidence found suggests that demographic and experience-related characteristics may be associated with the market valuation and financial performance of the firm. In particular, the reported results indicate a positive relationship between the presence of female CEOs or Chairs and firm performance, thus suggesting that gender-based differences may affect the CEO’s/Chairperson’s success. Moreover, the findings concerning the age of the CEO or Chair are mixed, while their experience and quality appear positively related to firm performance. Interestingly, a CEO or Chairperson holding multiple board seats is negatively associated with firm performance, whereas CEO duality has a positive relationship with Tobin’s Q and the return on assets (ROA) of the firm.     

David and Goliath: causes and effects of coopetition between start-ups and corporates

Coopetition (collaboration between competitors) among young firms (i.e. start-ups) and larger, more established firms (i.e. corporates) may be beneficial for both partners as each party typically has something to offer that is missing in the other. Start-ups often develop innovative ideas, are flexible and agile, willing to take risks, and aspire to achieve high growth, but they tend to lack the required resources, capabilities, and knowledge due to their newness and smallness. Corporates have resources, routines, and experience that enable them to work efficiently but lack a certain innovation capability. Research has suggested that coopetition represents an opportunity for start-ups facing restrictions in resources, while corporates benefit from start-ups’ innovative ideas. However, it is yet unknown whether start-ups and corporates engage in coopetition with each other and, if so, how and why they do this. This study seeks to fill this void by exploring the motives of coopeting start-ups and corporates, how they manage their coopetitive relationship, and what implications occur including potential benefits and risks. We present a multiple case study based on qualitative data collected through 70 interviews with Austrian-based start-ups and corporates representing 35 coopetitive partnerships. Discussing the findings based on our data, we propose relationships concerning coopetition and its role to enlarge resource- and technology-bases as well as its role in the development of dynamic capabilities.     

Career orientations and career success among research,and development and engineering professionals

Managing the careers of research, development and engineering (RD&E) professionals is important to the strategic use of RD&E in the economy. Appropriate mechanisms for motivating RD&E professionals will probably emerge as a critical success factor for organizations that want to compete in world markets. This study examines dimensions and levels of career orientation and their correlations with individual and work-related outcome variables among 78 RD&E professionals. The findings reveal a rich diversity of career orientation in RD&E professionals. The data strongly suggest that RD&E professionals are service, lifestyle and security oriented. However, they scored low on technical orientation and entrepreneurship. This paper suggests that the dual career ladder is not an effective device for managing RD&E professionals. Organizations must be careful to provide career paths that retain and motivate workers and, more importantly, find matches between organizational needs and individuals' needs, and restructure jobs accordingly. The authors offer suggestions for future research and identify implications for management.     

Work and shopping overflow — Consequences and differentiation among selected psychological and demographic characteristics

Contemporary individuals are forced to deal with excessive stimulation, which causes an overload in the cognitive and emotional areas. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possible factors differentiating the perceived level of work and shopping overflow experienced by individuals and consequences of these states. Two psychological variables: cognitive control and sensation seeking, are chosen as potential factors differentiating the perceived levels of overflow. We assume that individuals with high cognitive control and sensation seeking will report lower levels of both types of examined overflows. Experiencing low overflow levels may manifest in the search for additional stimuli, rather than in the desire to limit them. Two indexes of behavior connected to seeking extra stimulation are selected: one belonging to the area of consumer behavior (readiness to participate in the experience economy) and one belonging to vocational behavior (choosing a boundaryless career). The quantitative study is conducted on a sample of 297 management students who are currently employed. The research results support the relation between cognitive control and perceived level of work and shopping overflow. Individuals who can cognitively control the situation and the incoming stimuli report lower levels of overflow. No significant relationship between sensation seeking and the level of overflow is found. The demographic variables that influence the perceived overflow are age and salary for work overflow and age for shopping overflow. As far as consequences of overflow are concerned, a low level of shopping overflow is related to readiness to participate in the experience economy. However, there is no link between work overflow and preferred career pattern. The managerial implications for human resource management and marketing strategy design are discussed.     

Review and reappraisal of modelling and predicting mental workload in single- and multi-task environments

The concept of mental workload has long been recognized as an important factor in individual performance within complex systems. It is documented that either overload or underload may degrade performance, and further affect the efficiency of the whole system. Therefore, systems designers need some explicit models to predict the mental workload imposed on individuals by the system at an early design phase so that alternative system designs can be evaluated. In examining mental-workload literature, it is found that few predictive mental-workload models have considered factors specific to individuals. This research aims to develop a practical framework for predicting mental workload in both single- and multi-task environments considering such individual factors. In order to describe mental workload more precisely and more completely, a framework for mentalworkload definitions, which contains instantaneous workload, average workload, accumulated workload, peak workload and overall workload, is proposed. In order to model individual factors, two new variables, i.e. effective workload and ineffective workload, are introduced to model the taskgenerated workload and individual-generated workload. The extension of the model to multi-task environments is also discussed. The proposed conceptual models are domain-independent and could be used to guide the development of operational models for different specific tasks.