慈善营销中契合类型与信息框架对消费者响应的影响

本文旨在研究不同信息框架下企业与慈善事业的契合类型对消费者响应的影响,采用两个2×2的组间实验设计,探讨了契合类型(形象契合/功能契合)、文字表述方式(积极表述/消极表述)与图片呈现方式(突出企业/突出慈善事业)对消费者响应的主效应以及交互效用。结果表明,契合类型、文字表述方式和图片呈现方式对消费者态度的主效应显著;另外,在形象契合情况下,文字表述方式和图片呈现方式对消费者态度影响的差异显著,而在功能契合的情况下,这种影响的差异不显著。     

公益事件营销中企业—消费者契合度和宣传侧重点影响效果研究

随着消费者逐渐认可和接受企业的社会公益营销行为,公益事件营销已经成为企业新的营销手段和平台。在确定了三种契合度的相对重要性后,研究基于社会认同理论和归因理论,重点考察契合度与宣传侧重点的交互效应。研究1利用正交实验设计和联合分析方法确定三种契合度中企业—消费者的契合度对消费者的态度作用最重要。研究2采用2x3组间实验设计和多元方差分析方法分析了契合度和宣传侧重点(企业、事件、均衡)对公益事件态度、品牌态度和购买行为的交互作用。研究结果发现,不仅契合度和宣传侧重点各自对消费者行为和态度的主效应显著,二者的交互效应也显著。研究结论对企业进行公益事件营销时如何定位首选契合度,营销沟通中如何权衡宣传侧重点有明确的指导意义。     

产品与赠品的契合度对不确定赠品促销的影响

 互联网技术的发展使不确定促销的实施变得更加有效和实用,但是已有研究或者聚焦于不确定性的消极作用,或者聚焦于不确定性的积极作用。为了掌握不确定促销的本质,构建一个影响消费者不确定促销评价的关键变量间关系的模型,重点刻画产品属性、赠品形式和产品与赠品间的契合度。        研究产品属性与赠品形式的交互作用对促销评价的影响,特别是基于产品与赠品间的契合度分析高一致不确定赠品和低一致不确定赠品对促销评价的影响,验证消费者的感知价值作为产品属性与赠品形式的交互作用对促销评价影响的中介变量。        采用情景实验的方式,通过两个2×3组间实验验证研究假设。自变量为产品属性和赠品形式,因变量为促销评价,实验1设计为产品属性(实用性vs.享乐性)与赠品形式(高契合赠品A vs. 高契合赠品B vs. 高一致不确定赠品)的2×3组间设计。实验2设计为产品属性(实用性vs.享乐性)与赠品形式(高契合赠品vs.低契合赠品vs.低一致不确定赠品)的2×3组间设计。        研究结果表明,高一致不确定赠品的情况下,享乐性产品的高一致不确定赠品的促销评价好于高契合赠品的促销评价,实用性产品的高一致不确定赠品与高契合赠品的促销评价没有显著性差异。低一致不确定赠品的情况下,实用性产品的高契合赠品的促销评价好于低一致不确定赠品的促销评价,享乐性产品的高契合赠品与低一致不确定赠品的促销评价没有显著性差异。        从产品属性和契合度的角度,协调了不确定促销冲突的论点,进一步揭示了不确定赠品和确定性赠品在赠品促销中的适用场景,丰富了赠品促销的应用范围。     

产品市场竞争影响企业慈善捐赠的实证研究

基于企业慈善捐赠的动机视角,利用我国沪深两市的676家上市公司作为研究样本,检验产品市场竞争是否对企业慈善捐赠产生影响,研究结果表明:与处于正常竞争程度行业企业相比,处于强竞争行业的企业和处于弱竞争行业的企业都趋向捐赠更少,产品市场竞争程度与企业捐赠之间呈"∩"型关系。检验了规模、盈利能力、负债水平、直接接触消费者、所有制等因素对企业捐赠的影响,研究结果进一步支持企业慈善捐赠的经济动机观点。     

消费者转换绿色产品过程中的影响因素

企业在绿色产品营销中．应从消费者的角度出发,了解他们消费的动机和行为方式,促进他们的消费向绿色产品转换,这将直接关系到企业绿色营销的效果。     

网络广告切换速度及产品卷入度对消费者注意影响的眼动研究

本文结果表明:产品卷入度高时,切换速度为4s时是一个分水岭,因为1s、2s、3s和4s获得消费者的注意要显著优于5s和7s;产品卷入度低时,动画切换速度对消费者注意无显著影响,此时其对广告的注意出现了"视觉盲区"现象。为让消费者在较短的时间内认知加工更多的广告信息,建议最佳动画切换速度为2s。     

消费者对鞋类产品的缺货反应研究

基于成本理论、消费者求变行为理论等,以鞋类产品为例,通过对360名被试的情景模拟实验,研究了消费者的卷入度(高VS中VS低)、产品知识(高VS低)和性别(男VS女)三个变量对消费者缺货反应的影响。研究结果表明:第一,消费者卷入度和性别对缺货反应具有显著的主效应,且二者之间的交互效应也达到了显著性水平。第二,虽然消费者产品知识对消费者的缺货反应没有显著影响,但消费者产品知识与卷入度对缺货反应具有显著的交互作用。第三,消费者性别、产品知识和卷入度三者对消费者的缺货反应具有显著的交互作用。文章同时对鞋类产品制造商提出了基于消费者反应的缺货管理建议。     

要素品牌策略与产品独特性评价:自我建构和产品性质的调节作用

企业采取要素品牌策略的根本动机,就是借助要素品牌提高产品独特性,获取竞争优势。然而,当企业突出产品独特性的营销做法与消费者目标冲突时,企业所付出的努力就会白费。本文通过实验研究发现,虽然联合要素品牌策略与自有要素品牌策略相比更能够提高产品独特性评价,但这一作用会受一些边界条件的限制。当产品性质为私人产品时,无论是相依型还是独立型的消费者,联合要素品牌策略都比自有要素品牌策略更能提高产品独特性评价。然而,当产品性质为公众产品时,对于相依型(而非独立型)自我建构的个体而言,联合要素品牌策略的优势不再显著。     

品牌质量差异、消费者产品涉入程度对品牌敏感的影响研究

品牌敏感是消费者品牌行为研究方面的一个新课题,它反映了消费者在购买决策过程中对品牌的重视程度.同一产品类别不同品牌之间的质量差异和消费者的产品涉入程度被认为是品牌敏感的两类主要解释变量.本文利用结构方程模型进行的实证分析表明,品牌质量差异和消费者产品涉入程度总体上对品牌敏感起正向影响作用,但该作用因产品类别而异,因产品质量和产品涉入程度的维度而异.     

基于客户消费行为细分的营销决策分析

客户细分基础上的营销决策日益凸现其重要性,在实际应用中客户细分的标准多以企业产品、客户地区分布、客户特征等居多,而以客户消费行为作为细分标准的还比较少见。我国的移动通信市场正在向管制条件下的充分竞争状态发展,企业的营销能力越来越成为运营商竞争的利器。本文建立了一个基于客户消费行为细分的营销决策模型,根据作者长期的行业经验,以湖南移动作为案例具体应用了该模型,取得了有意义的结论,这说明该方法能够为企业的营销决策者提供一种新的思考问题的视角。     

The Effect of Team Leader Characteristics on Learning,Knowledge Application,and Performance of Cross‐Functional New Product Development Teams

This study examines how leadership characteristics in new product development teams affect the learning, knowledge application, and subsequently the performance of these teams. Using data from a study of 229 members from 52 high‐tech new product projects, we empirically demonstrate that team learning has a strong positive effect on the innovativeness and speed to market of the new products. Moreover, a democratic leadership style, initiation of goal structure by the team leader, and his or her position within the organization were positively related to team learning. Managerial implications of these results are discussed.     

Effective Design of Products/Services: An Approach Based on Integration of Marketing and Operations Management Decisions*

This paper presents an integrated framework for designing profit‐maximizing products/ services, which can also be produced at reasonable operating difficulty levels. Operating difficulty is represented as a function of product and process attributes, and measures a firm's relative ease or difficulty in meeting customer demand patterns under specified operating conditions. Earlier optimum product design procedures have not considered. operational difficulty. We show that optimum profit, market share, cost, and product profiles are dependent on operating difficulty level. Empirical results from the pizza delivery industry demonstrate the value of the proposed Effective Product/Service Design approach.     

基于消费者体验的产品创意维度构成及测量

创意是一个个人的或社会的现象,同个人化判断或社会判断有关。虽然国外从消费者感知的角度对创意的研究逐渐增多,但国内还未出现任何对创意体验的实证研究。本文站在顾客感知的角度探索创意体验的维度构成,并采用探索性因子分析和确定性因子分析确定创意体验的三维度,即新颖性评价、风格性评价和响应性评价,从客观性社会标准和主观性体验感知等不同层面解构创意维度的构成,弥补了现有创意评价模型主观性过强或缺乏与人互动的不足。     

Internal and External Integration for Product Development: The Contingency Effects of Uncertainty,Equivocality, and Platform Strategy

Effective product development requires firms to unify internal and external participants. As companies attempt to create this integrated environment, two important questions emerge. Does a high level of internal integration lead to a higher level of external integration? In the context of product development, this study considers whether internal integration in the form of concurrent engineering practices affects the level of external integration as manifested by customer integration, supplier product integration, and supplier process integration. External integration, in turn, may influence competitive capabilities, namely product innovation performance and quality performance. Second, using contingency theory, do certain contextual variables moderate the linkages between integration strategy (external and internal) and performance? Specifically, this study considers whether uncertainty, equivocality, and platform development strategy change the relationships among internal integration, external integration, and competitive capabilities. Data collected from 244 manufacturing firms across several industries were used to test these research questions. The results indicate that both internal and external integration positively influence product innovation and quality and ultimately, profitability. With respect to contingency effects, the results indicate that equivocality moderates the relationships between integration and performance.     

基于产品质量监管视角的政府、企业与消费者博弈策略研究

鉴于政府、企业与消费者在产品质量监管过程中的重要作用,提出了三方协同监管产品质量的新模式。有别于政府、企业和消费者间的两两博弈,构建了政府、企业和消费者共同参与的产品质量监管博弈模型。通过求解博弈模型的混合战略Nash均衡解,分析了影响三方策略选择的因素,并代入实际数据运用Matlab 7.0对博弈模型进行了算例分析。研究结果表明影响政府监管行为的因素是政府对违规企业的惩罚、企业对消费者损失的赔偿、企业生产合格产品与不合格产品的成本。企业生产合格产品的行为与政府监管成本、企业受到政府惩罚力度、生产不合格产品对政府造成的直接经济损失及间接经济损失因素有关。消费者维权成本及企业对消费者损失的赔偿是影响消费者维权的主要因素。研究得出政府监管企业概率越大,企业生产合格产品的概率越大;消费者维权概率变大时,企业生产合格产品的概率变大,而此时政府监管生产企业的概率变小。最后,从产品质量监管角度,提出了提高政府监管效率、保障企业产品质量、发挥消费者监督优势的建议及措施。     

The Impact of Product Returns and Retailer's Service Investment on Manufacturer's Channel Strategies*

We study the distribution channel decision of a manufacturer who considers whether to add an online channel (direct channel) to its brick‐and‐mortar retailer (indirect channel). The retailer faces the opportunity to invest in store assistance to help consumers choose products and thus reduce product returns. Special attention is given to the impact of product returns and retailer's store assistance investment on manufacturer's dual channel decision. We examine conditions under which the manufacturer uses dual channels and how various relevant factors affect its channel decision under two settings, depending on whether the retailer has its own online store or not. When the retailer does not have its online store, we find that (i) the addition of the direct channel raises the wholesale price; (ii) the direct channel addition hurts the retailer if the nonreplacement rate is low; (iii) the manufacturer has a lower incentive to add the direct channel when the retailer's service cost is lower or its returns reduction rate from service investment is higher; and (iv) the manufacturer should treat its own returns handling cost as a key factor in its channel structure decision. In addition, when the retailer operates an online store, we find that the manufacturer may have an incentive to add a direct channel such that both firms own direct channels.     

企业内部服务质量、关系质量对内部顾客忠诚的影响机制:基于内部营销视角的实证研究

本文基于内部营销视角,揭示内部服务质量的各个组成因素之间的关系以及内部服务质量对关系质量的影响,进而探索内部服务质量、关系质量对内部顾客忠诚的影响机制。通过对某电信企业内部238份员工样本的采集分析,提出并验证内部服务质量(含实体环境质量、交互质量和结果质量)、关系质量(含内部顾客信任、满意)对内部顾客忠诚的影响机制整合模型。研究发现,内部服务质量的三个维度之间确实存在层级叠加作用,而服务质量则会通过信任这一中介变量影响内部顾客的满意、承诺。内部关系质量的三因素中,内部顾客的承诺水平对内部顾客的忠诚度有直接正向影响,提高对内部顾客的承诺水平是提高内部顾客忠诚度的关键。     

Organizational Integration for Product Development: The Effects on Glitches,On‐Time Execution of Engineering Change Orders,and Market Success

Deviations from requirements during the product development process can be considered as glitches. Fixing glitches, or problems, during the product development process consumes valuable resources, which may adversely affect product development time and hamper the firm's goal to pursue a first‐mover advantage. It is posited that an integrated organizational response can diminish incidences of glitches and improve the ability of the firm to respond to engineering changes, subsequently leading to improved market success. This organizational response frequently includes heavyweight product development managers who are seen as essential catalysts for internal integration. Though internal integration is vital, it is equally important to integrate with customers and suppliers alike because such network partners can provide access to information, knowledge, and unique and complementary resources that are otherwise unavailable to the firm. Findings, which are based on a sample of 191 product development projects in the automotive industry, suggest that some integration routines have a positive impact on product development outcomes and market success, while other routines can in fact hamper the collective effort.