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朱熹曾说过"国朝文明,前世莫及."[1]确实,宋代经济高度发展,文化极为繁盛.人际社会交往十分活跃,形成了独特的交际礼仪和习俗.礼仪,是人们社会交往行为的准则,礼俗、仪制的的总称,包括了待人、接物、处世等各方面的行为规范,体现了人们的审美情趣和道德观念,也影响着民俗、社会风气的形成及其水准. 相似文献
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在人与人的主体间关系上,人们基本上遵循世代相承的各种风俗、习俗、礼俗等进行日常交往活动。正是在日常交往活动和生平情境中,人们积淀起一种礼俗化的、习俗化的、情感性的日常思维类型。从日常交往的内在机理和思维运行方式来看,它主要受两方面因素的制约:一是表现为传统的风俗、习惯、礼仪制度、道德规范、自在的活动规则等等,这些因素主要是通过家庭、家族、村落、社会环境的熏陶而内化于人们的日常交往活动中,从而形成日常交往的习俗性思维类型;二是表现为以血缘关系为基础的天然情感,即日常交往的情感性类型。 相似文献
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一在人类原始文化中,神话居于一种特殊的地位。从功能观点看,上古神话至少具有如下三种社会作用: 1.它是一个解释系统; 2.它是一个礼仪系统; 3.它是一个操作系统。所谓解释系统,就是说,神话是远古先民的“哲学“和“科学”,他们要用这种意识形态来解释各种自然现象,解释人际关系,解释人类与自然的关系,并且解释他们自身的来源和历史。 相似文献
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<诗经>中的祭祀诗歌反映出的祭祀先祖礼仪既顺应了天命,又契合了人伦;<楚辞>中的祭祀诗体现出"乐神"、"娱己"的原始精神,既使自然美渗入了人的精神美,也使人的精神美找到了具象的表征物.两者都使人与天地自然达到了高度和谐和统一.两相关照,先秦时期的祭祀礼仪始终关注着"敬天"与"亲人"的主题."敬天"的形式和内容可能有变化,但其最终目的是"亲人".这样形成了"以天亲人"的先秦时期的"天人合一"思想. 相似文献
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身份称谓是一个人在社会生活中被人们所认同地位的体现。中国传统社会身份称谓的类型有姓名性称谓、亲属关系性称谓、职务性称谓、尊卑从属称谓和礼仪性称谓。身份称谓具有身份区分,形成并维护社会秩序的功能和执行政治社会化的功能。因此,具有宗法、权势、道德、礼仪等价值取向。基于“泛伦理化”和家国同构的意识形态与传统文化,使得传统身份称谓大多由宗法称谓和权势称谓转化而成,反映出特定社会的文化观念、行为、风俗、制度和社会心理。身份称谓是有关身份及其相应的社会政治体系的最重要的文化符号,它以最简单的社会化方式,向人们灌输关于社会政治构成的自我意识,使人们习得和接受现成的社会规范,在错综复杂的人际互动中找到自己的角色和位置,并以相应的角色规范来指导言行。 相似文献
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明清时期的礼生与王朝礼仪 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
刘永华 《中国社会历史评论》2008,(0)
本文以正史、政书、地方志等资料为基础,对中国历史上、尤其是明清时期官僚体制中的仪式专家——礼生及其与王朝礼仪的关系进行了初步考察。文章认为,在中国古代的王朝礼仪中,礼生扮演着受人忽视但不可或缺的角色。他们从属于太常寺系统,主要职能是准备祭品、赞相礼仪、唱读祭文,是引导王朝礼仪的导演。他们在以王朝礼仪为核心的儒教仪式中的地位,类似于道士在道教科仪,僧侣在佛教科仪中的地位。本文详细分析了礼生与明清文庙释奠仪式之间的关系,认为礼生为整个礼仪过程,为主祭官与神明的沟通提供了一个必不可少的仪式框架,这个仪式框架是公开性的,并很容易被复制,这为王朝礼仪向乡村社会的渗透提供了很大的可能性。 相似文献
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藉田礼发展到唐代,已经形成相对固定的礼仪规范,同时太宗、 玄宗、 肃宗等在方位、 地点、 流程方面对之进行了灵活的调整,呈现出皇权凌驾于礼仪之上的倾向.与之相应的藉田书写,侧重点也不在于礼仪本身,而在于沟通政治情感,既传达赞美圣君追慕盛世的执政理想,又呈现出君臣交流体贴人情的现实关怀,同时也表达藉田不行于世不被重用的失落蹉跎.这就使得唐代藉田书写不同于《诗经》、汉赋,呈现出礼仪应用文本的特点,形成了藉田祭祀乐歌的礼仪范式、 藉田科场赋颂的结构范式、 藉田题材意象的表达范式.这些范式的生成象征着藉田礼仪文本的成熟,在颂美国家仪典、 寄托文人政治情感的基础上,推动着文以载仪功用的实现. 相似文献
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《Social work with groups》2013,36(4):43-58
The issues of race, color, ethnicity, and class present many challenges for goup workers leading adolescent counseling groups in culturally muted urban areas. These issues are examined in detail in the context of a school-based group work program for middle school teenagers. The role of the group leader in working with this population is discussed, and guidelines are offered for developing biculturalism in group members and for addressing race, color, ethnicity, and class as they arise in bicultural group processes. 相似文献
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Esuna Dugarova 《Social Policy & Administration》2019,53(3):385-400
The current study seeks to understand the nature of gender relations within a post‐Soviet welfare model in Kazakhstan, Mongolia, and Russia. On the basis of the analysis of key labour market indicators, parental leave, and childcare policies, it finds that the welfare models in the three countries are hybrid, and neither authoritarianism in Kazakhstan and Russia nor democracy in Mongolia lead to substantive gender equality outcomes. Persistent gender inequality in these countries is underpinned by the neo‐liberal approach to welfare provision, conservative social norms, and limited agency of civil society to influence the policy agenda. Nonetheless, these states have distributed to the population with an emphasis on working mothers, and this policy choice has been driven by economic, demographic, and political considerations, which ultimately serve to support, rather than transform, the patriarchal power structure in these societies. 相似文献
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Ambiguity,probability, preference,and decision analysis 总被引:4,自引:4,他引:0
Robert L. Winkler 《Journal of Risk and Uncertainty》1991,4(3):285-297
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《Russian social science review : a journal of translations》2013,54(4):73-94
The largest, the cruelest empire in the history of mankind is rapidly disintegrating. But we must not be deluded. The ruins of great empires do not yet mean the emergence of a new, happier, and wiser society. The empire has not yet disintegrated entirely. But even when it does, this will not mean that the people inhabiting one-sixth of the earth's surface will live better, that life will become happy, and that our countrymen will be freer, richer, healthier, better educated, and more humane. Even the cessation of the activity of the CPSU does not mean that the destructive force of lawlessness, militarism, the suppression of human dignity, stagnation, conservatism, the terrible discomfort of everyday life, unprecedented exploitation, general incompetence, parasitism, and technological backwardness is a museum relic forever consigned to the past. 相似文献
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Richard W. Pollay 《The Journal of social issues》1997,53(1):53-74
The tobacco industry promotes friendly "experts" and uses public relations tactics to produce uncertainty around research results that threaten it. This inhibits public policies responsive to these research findings. These tactics, long used against medical science, are now being used to counter the studies challenging to the myth that cigarette advertising is of no import. The numerous weaknesses of the industry-advanced argument are discussed, drawing particularly on the literature of consumer behavior, marketing, and advertising. The vast preponderance of evidence indicates that cigarette advertising plays a meaningful role in influencing the perceptions, attitudes, and smoking behavior of youth. Denials of these effects, without brand new and compelling evidence, are highly suspect. 相似文献