本土代工企业产品研发体系构建理论与案例

代工模式是本土企业与跨国公司合作的主要方式,也是本土企业获取先进技术和知识的重要途径.整合组织间学习理论和组织内学习理论,分析代工企业构建产品研发体系的理论过程,建立代工企业从知识获取到研发能力提升过程机制的理论模型,并以鸿海集团为例进行案例分析.研究结果表明,代工企业产品研发体系的构建取决于企业外部知识的获取、内部知识的消化和知识创新等过程,代工企业通过建立学习机制提高合作双方的互动程度,通过建立互信的合作关系以及内部知识的共享、转移和创新机制等措施提高产品研发能力.     

面向产品创新的过程再造与集成管理研究

揭示了产品创新过程的集成管理通过创造性思维和优胜劣汰、优势互补的竞争合作机制 ,推动产品创新运用资源要素的优化组合 ,增进产品创新营销、设计和工艺制造等基本活动之间的交流、协作 .在集成管理思想的指导下 ,构筑了面向产品创新的集成管理体系结构 .这个体系结构由指标层、使能技术层和支撑层组成 .提出了实施集成管理的协作、并行、沟通、开放、质量管理和信息技术应用等基本原则。最后 ,通过 YJ公司产品创新的成功实践 ,探索了集成管理方式的有效途径     

高校科研团队知识管理系统要素研究——来自教育部创新团队的实证分析

高校科研团队是由科研任务牵引的知识团队,团队运作的最终目标是实现科技创新,创造新知识、新技术和培养创造性人才。成功的团队管理往往就是有效的知识管理。在高校科研团队的运作过程中,自始至终贯穿着知识创新活动,并且知识创新始终处于核心地位。文章首先从知识管理的角度探讨了高校科研团队的运作过程,提炼出团队知识管理的系统要素,在此基础上运用结构方程模型方法,通过对107支教育部创新团队进行问卷调查和实证,分析验证组织、文化和资源等要素对高校科研团队知识管理系统的影响和作用机理。研究发现,组织、文化和资源等要素直接或间接地影响着团队创新绩效,知识管理行为扮演着重要的中介作用,实践中应该从这些要素的有效协同入手,才能保证创新绩效的有效提升。     

企业家提升企业创新能力的路径研究

企业家是中小企业最为核心的要素之一,是创新的发起人和关键支持者,对创新能力的培育和提升起着决定性作用.现有对企业家和创新能力的研究均强调了企业家的重要作用,但对于企业家如何提升企业创新能力未能给出有力解释.本文基于创新过程,结合企业家的职能,提出企业家提升创新能力的四条路径:清晰科学的战略规划,引导创新方向;整合、配置资源,提供组织制度保障,建立创新基础;鼓励学习和知识交流,培育组织能力:构建创新型文化,提高员工创新意愿和创新积极性.本文并采用单案例研究方法,选取浙江省某中小企业为例,具体分析了企业家提升创新能力的四条路径在企业中的实践.     

新兴技术变革及其战略资源观

新兴技术的本质是变革,是不确定性和创造性毁灭.企业的管理,包括管理思维、竞争策略等都需要变革,只有接受不确定性并从不确定性中赢利,直面创造性毁灭,才能够创新管理模式,实现从毁灭中获得新生.企业应对新兴技术及其不确定性、创造性毁灭特质挑战的利器是能力动态和资源柔性,支撑这种动态和柔性的则是企业的知识资源和学习能力.     

PBL教学模式探讨

基于问题的学习(Problem-Based Learning,PBL)是一种学生与指导教师、学习伙伴、以及学习资源之间的互动,它与传统教学方法的一个重要区别是PBL在学习知识的同时强调各种能力的培养和运用,如学生的自学能力、思维能力、人际交流能力等.本文对PBL的特点及其构成要素作了较为详细的阐述.     

中美企业全员创新管理模式比较——海尔模式与GE模式

在提出影响企业全员创新成功实施的战略、文化、组织、制度等管理要素之后,本文分析了以战略为导向的海尔全员创新管理模式,以及以文化为核心的GE全员创新管理模式.并对中美两家成功实施全员创新的企业进行比较分析,初步建立全员创新管理模式的理论框架,以期为我国企业实践全员创新的提供一些有益的指导.     

开放式创新模式下技术超学习对创新绩效的影响

Carayannis在十多年前提出了技术超学习的概念,认为技术学习是一个涉及多个层次的过程,包括操作层、战术层和战略层,各个层次侧重不同的知识内容以及知识传播、升值的方式。技术超学习从纵向上对企业的技术学习进行了解构,有少数学者进行了相关研究。而Chesbrough之后提出的开放式创新模式无疑为技术超学习研究打开了一扇门。开放式创新意味着企业的创意与知识源不仅来自组织内部,还来自外部的用户、上下游企业、竞争对手、产学研连接等主体,这种模式从横向上为企业的技术创新行为提供了一个新思路。有许多学者从创新源、知识流动方向、机理模式等方面进行了探讨。而本文则创新性地从横向和纵向两方面来考察企业的技术学习行为,即在开放式创新模式下企业进行基于三个层次的技术学习如何对企业的创新绩效产生影响?本研究主要包括理论综述、实证分析以及结果讨论与研究展望三部分。     

社会管理体制的创新思路

社会管理体制机制创新．是指运用现有的资源和经验,运用现代管理理念、技术、方法和机制等。对现有管理模式及相应的管理方式和方法进行改革。建构新的社会管理机制和制度,以实现社会管理体制创新目标的活动和过程。创新社会管理体制机制,     

基于价值管理的6 I’s 管理模式: 形成与结构

围绕价值管理, 分析了基于职能管理的管理知识体系存在的问题, 即: 忽视创新; 对企业 效用的存在假设越来越偏离实际, 从而导致对企业组织中激励的认识偏差, 甚至出现目的与手 段的倒置; 对信息的假设和运用有误; 缺乏系统与综合, 忽视整合的作用. 在此基础上, 提出了 以价值管理为核心概念建立管理知识体系的观点, 并建立了相应的6 I’s 管理模式的框架, 分 析了有关要素的内涵.     

供应商参与新产品开发对企业自主创新能力的影响研究

本文以装备制造企业为实证研究对象,探讨了供应商参与新产品开发对企业自主创新能力的影响关系.同时,构建了包括供应商参与新产品开发、关系互动、知识创造、企业自主创新能力四个变量的概念模型,并提出相应的理论假设.通过结构方程模型的检验,表明供应商参与新产品开发对关系互动和知识创造均有显著的正向影响,进而通过两者对企业自主创新能力有显著正向影响.     

Developing new innovation models: Shifts in the innovation landscapes in emerging economies and implications for global R&D management

Over the past two decades, there has been a substantial shift in the global innovation landscape. Multinationals from developed economies are increasingly globalizing their R&D activities and are developing an “open innovation” model to source innovations from outside the firm, including from emerging economies such as those in Asia. In addition, emerging economy firms, which traditionally have played a secondary role in the global innovation landscape, have now begun to catch up in developing their own innovative capabilities. This study explores the implications of this new innovation landscape for CEOs of multinationals and emerging economy firms, as well as for international management scholars and educators. While the multinationals might appropriate rents from their existing capabilities and source new ones in emerging economies, they may be threatened by weak intellectual property rights regimes and unintended knowledge spillovers to local firms, creating potential competitors. Firms in the emerging economies can learn from and catch up with investing multinationals, but to do so they need to develop their own innovative capabilities and move from a process to a product focus and from imitation to innovation.     

A dynamic model of process and product innovation

This article reports results from empirical tests of relationships between the pattern of innovation within a firm and certain of the firm's characteristics: the stage of development of its production process and its chosen basis of competition. The hypothesized relationships posed for the present investigation are a synthesis of prior research by the present authors on two distinct but complementary conceptual models of innovation, concerning respectively: the relationship between competitive strategy and innovation, and the relationship between production process characteristics and innovation. The empirical investigation is carried out with data available from the Myers and Marquis study of successful technological innovation in five different industry segments.The essential aspects of the hypothesized relationships are that the characteristics of the innovative process will systematically correspond with the stage of development exhibited by the firm's production process technology and with its strategy for competition and growth. As a more specific example these relationships predict that there will be coherent patterns in the stimuli for innovation (market, production or new technology); in the types of innovation (product or process, original or adopted, etc.) and in barriers to innovation.The presently reported statistical evidence is decidedly favorable to the hypothesized relationships, even though the adaptations needed to implement tests with existing data introduce dependencies that limit conclusions which would otherwise be warranted. The broad implication is that strong and important relationships exist among the capability of a firm to innovate, its competitive strategy and the posture of its production resources.     

战略联盟中知识管理对企业新产品开发影响的实证研究

本文从企业间战略联盟的视角出发,探讨了企业创新实践活动中的知识管理过程,以及吸收能力对于外来知识创造和新产品开发的作用,并提出了相应的概念模型和研究假设。通过分析127家联盟企业的调查数据,对假设进行了检验,分析结果表明联盟企业间的知识共享有利于成员企业的知识创造,同时知识创造促进了企业的新产品开发;吸收能力在知识管理过程中起到了重要的调节作用,并对知识管理的效率和效果有着显著影响。     

An Exploration of New Product Development's Front‐end Knowledge Conceptualization Process in Discontinuous Innovations

Organizational knowledge creation, as reflected in new product/service development, is a vital process for firms to master. Critical to the development of new products/services is the management of the front‐end phase, which crucially determines the eventual fate of a new product/service idea. However, studies on how knowledge is created at the front‐end of the new product development process are rare. This empirical paper addresses this gap by focusing on knowledge conceptualization – where new knowledge from its generation is crystallized into a concrete and explicit form. Employing a qualitative methodology, the paper examines ten discontinuous projects and develops a front‐end knowledge conceptualization framework. The framework consists of the identified knowledge conceptualization stages and illuminates the pattern of overlaps, outcomes, contributors, knowledge, interactions and volatility across each stage. Our main contribution is a knowledge‐based appreciation of the dynamic and interactive nature of the new product/service development's front‐end phase in the context of discontinuous innovations, and thence the paper provides clear managerial learning points for the effective management of this phase.     

Knowledge management challenges in new business development: Case study observations

This paper's focus is on the knowledge management challenges that come along with technology-based new business development (NBD). NBD thrives upon the exploration of knowledge, under radical uncertainty. Furthermore, existing knowledge may both enable and constrain the radical innovation process. These characteristics make the dominant approach of knowledge management – focusing on codifying, collecting and distributing knowledge – unsuited for NBD. We suggest that knowledge management can enhance NBD by focusing on experimenting, monitoring and integrating knowledge. This is illustrated by case study observations of radical innovation processes.     

基于开放式创新的新产品开发模糊前端模型研究

开放式创新模式的出现对企业新产品开发(NPD)过程中模糊前端(FFE)创新活动带来重要影响。本文在对模糊前端、开放式创新以及知识共享等现有研究进行文献综述的基础上,重点对四个经典FFE模型的典型特征、共性与差异、优点与不足进行了系统分析,进而从开放式创新与知识共享的视角,探索并构建提出了FFE的开放式模型。并对该模型的五个重要环节、关键概念及其相互关系进行了界定说明与分析评价,既融入经典模型的深厚积淀,又弥补了传统模型在开放性与知识共享等方面的不足。为解决企业在开放式创新环境下新产品开发FFE阶段面临的新问题提供了很好的理论框架与方法支撑。     

技术资源管理对社会资本和产品创新中介作用研究

中国企业在创新的过程中非常重视发挥外部社会联系的作用,企业通过各种渠道从外部获取技术资源,却忽视了企业内部的资源管理,最终难以形成技术创新.以社会资本理论和基于资源的理论为基础,通过对226家中国企业的调研数据分析发现,企业的技术资源管理对外部社会资本与产品创新之间有显著的、完全中介效应,即外部社会资本只有在企业具备技术资源管理能力的情况下才能实现产品创新.该结论对中国企业制定自主创新战略有一定的借鉴和指导意义.     

The Roles of Supply Chain Intelligence and Adaptability in New Product Launch Success

Many new product introductions continue to be unsuccessful, and while researchers have studied product development processes, relatively few studies directly address new product launch. We do so in the present research and posit that supply chain intelligence, defined as technological and competitive knowledge sourced and integrated from suppliers, customers, and competitors, plays an important role in explaining new product launch success. We further employ the knowledge‐based view to theorize that both supply chain adaptability and product innovation capability act as important mediators of the effects of supply chain intelligence on new product launch success and firm financial performance. While the former capability refers to a firm's ability to quickly adjust its supply chain to react to market and product design changes, the latter refers to the firm's proficiency in developing innovative new products. We test hypothesized relationships among these factors utilizing data collected in a survey of 229 U.S. manufacturing firms. Results point to the central role of supply chain adaptability in capturing the benefits of supplier technological intelligence for enhanced product innovation capability, new product launch success, and firm financial performance. In contrast, product innovation capability serves as the generative means by which customer and competitor intelligence is translated into more successful new product launches, which, in turn, produce superior firm financial performance. Overall, these findings contribute to a better understanding of factors that can explain why certain product launches are more successful than others, and offer practical insights for appropriate investments in the development of related knowledge resources.     

企业网络能力结构的测评及其对企业创新绩效的影响机制研究

针对企业网络能力有效测度和实证研究的不足,本文从网络愿景、网络构建、关系管理和关系组合四个维度开发和设计了企业网络能力的测度量表,运用来自中国企业的346个调查数据和结构方程方法实证检验了这些因素通过外部网络结构的中介作用对企业创新绩效的影响机理。研究表明:网络愿景、网络构建、关系管理和关系组合对企业创新绩效具有明显促进作用,而联系强度和网络位置在两者之间起到了部分中介作用。