Off the Couch and into the Streets: Psychotherapy and Political Activism

In this article, the author discusses the intersection between psychotherapy and social activism. She argues that activism is a form of empathy in action and is a natural extension of her work as a therapist. The author reviews the history of psychoanalysis and social activism, demonstrating that the roots of psychoanalysis were embedded in the work of social activism. She discusses some of the recent history of events in her state that led her to engage in activism and some issues this presents for clinical practice.     

现代忏悔的发生学:忏悔者与生活世界(上)

本文尝试通过讨论现代意义上的忏悔者,推进对于生活世界范畴的理解。文章从现象学的角度出发,首先清理了保罗·利科以现象学入精神分析的努力,试图在社会思想史中确立一种讨论忏悔的起点和框架。利科讨论了胡塞尔现象学和弗洛伊德的精神分析在理论和方法之间的亲和力,不过却并未将议题落实在社会理论的层面上。进而,本文通过对福柯关于忏悔的发生学研究的检讨,将对忏悔的理解集中在经典精神分析的理论传统之中。通过对于弗洛伊德谈话分析中自由联想法的理论背景分析,本文将谈话疗法与还原工作比观并照,互相证成,最后试图对于弗洛伊德式忏悔做一个现象学社会学式的理解。     

Pentimento

Abstract

When asked to consider writing a personal essay about a transformational moment in the development of myself as a clinician, this unfolding of events immediately came to mind. This moment captures a story about my development as a clinical social worker through my personal psychoanalysis. Sometimes, when one can contain his/her anxiety about receiving, a spontaneous and wonderful gift may present itself for the opening. This is my offering-a gift to students of clinical process.     

Outgrowing childhood problems: A study of the value of child guidance treatment 1

This article is a tribute to Jean Sanville, a distinctive leader in our field whose voice and vision continue to shape the practice of psychoanalysis through the lens of clinical social work. The article highlights Dr. Sanville’s professional contributions while showing her personal impact within a supervisory relationship that becomes a deep and enduring friendship.     

Social Representations and Repression: Examining the First Formulations of Freud and Moscovici

The English edition of Moscovici's classic work on the social representation of psychoanalysis enables us to reflect on the historical origins of psychoanalytic ideas and of social representation theory itself. Moscovici claimed that science was both univocal and abstract and, in these respects, it differs from the social representations of commonsense. This paper explores these notions, especially in relation to Moscovici's claim that psychoanalytic theory is to be found in Freud's first formulations. It is suggested that some of the processes, which Moscovici attributes to the passage of psychoanalytic ideas to commonsense, can be found occur in the early history of psychoanalysis. This can be seen in Freud's criticisms of the way Jung used the concept of “complex”. Moreover, psychoanalytic theory could never be univocal for it incorporated the voices of patients and their representations of the world. An examination of Studies on Hysteria reveals further multivocality as Freud uses both the “action” language of ordinary life and the reified, nominalized language of science. Examples are given in relation to the first formulations of the key psychoanalytic concept of “repression”. Some comparisons are made between Freud's first formulations of “repression” and Moscovici's first formulations of “social representation”.     

精神分析与战争经验 作为《精神分析引论》主线的战争问题

弗洛伊德精神分析学说在思想史上的革命性意义同它对战争经验的体悟密切相关。19世纪末以来,战争不仅意味着历史处境,更塑造了现代人的总体经验。如果要从战争经验出发理解弗洛伊德的学说体系,他大战时期的讲演录《精神分析引论》可以充当核心的阐释文本,将精神分析学说从第一哲学、社会学推展到新的“再教育”思想。作为第一哲学,精神分析由普遍怀疑还原出战争状态下诸意向交织、冲突的自我,并逐步揭示自我的爱欲本能与死亡本能;在此基础上,作为社会学的精神分析呈现了日常生活的战争面貌,其实质为人的爱欲本能同死亡本能的纠缠与冲突;最终,为引导爱欲,节制死亡本能,作为新的教育学说的精神分析指明了现代教育的限度、条件和未来的希望。     

The Development and Initial Validation of a Psychoanalysis Use/Non-Use Scale among a Sample of Hong Kong Helping Professionals.

ABSTRACT

This article reports on the construction and initial validation of the Psychoanalysis Use/Non-Use scale (PUNU) and the complementary Conflicts with Hong Kong Chinese Culture scale (CHKCC), developed for assessing the penetration of psychoanalysis among counseling professionals in Hong Kong. A total of 217 Hong Kong social workers, psychologists, and counselors were surveyed to assess the scales' internal psychometric properties. Factor analysis confirmed a four-factor structure for the PUNU, and a unidimensional structure for the CHKCC, with 17 and 9 items, respectively. Internal reliability of both scales was good and discriminative validity was supported by comparisons with background information. These scales could help to identify factors that affect the understanding of psychoanalysis among professionals and could be useful for educational purposes.     

The First Social Psychologist

Because both the individual and the state call for simultaneous investigation in social psychology, one could argue that in some sense Serge Moscovici, with the publication of Psychoanalysis, put forward the first systematic large scale empirical study of cognitive representations in, as it happily proved, various blocs of French understandings of psychoanalysis, admitting, characteristically, doubts about the individual, bloc, and the state representations.     

不可能性:后马克思思潮的政治立场

齐泽克基于拉康的精神分析理论发挥了某种"后马克思主义"哲学和政治学话语,把共产主义理解为一种不可能性的逻辑。这种话语是通过对传统主体观的批评来实现的。站在拉康之残缺或空无的主体性立场上,他否定了马克思主义的彻底社会解放,转向寻求一种与女权主义、生态主义和民主主义相容的解放立场,并把政治学本身引向无止尽的意识形态斗争。     

Raising a true socialist individual: Yugoslav psychoanalysis and the creation of democratic Marxist citizens

This article explores the surprisingly successful development of psychoanalysis in socialist Yugoslavia, and the discipline’s relationship with both Western paradigms and Yugoslavia’s own theory of workers’ self-management. It focuses primarily on child psychotherapy and psychoanalysis, and their attempts at reforming traditional Balkan ‘authoritarian’ families and helping raise democratic Marxist citizens. It argues that Yugoslav psychiatrists and psychoanalysts developed their own version of revolutionary and activist psychoanalysis, which was meant to contribute to a broad political and cultural discussion in Yugoslavia about constructing a society based on genuine Marxist collective and individual emancipation, an alternative to both Stalinist state socialism and Western capitalism/liberal democracy. Many ‘psy’ professionals used overtly political language to frame their aims and experiences, and turned their consulting rooms into revolutionary sites. West European practices and theories of child psychoanalysis figured prominently in Yugoslav clinical discussions and practice, but they were regularly linked to the broader goals of Marxist revolutionary politics, workers’ self-management or socialist struggle against patriarchy or ‘bureaucratized’ political relations. Therefore, the Yugoslav experiment, in which a new activist psychoanalysis became mainstream and state-funded psychotherapy, remains central to understanding psychoanalysis as a tool for socio-political critique and activism in the second half of the twentieth century.     

Social Representations,Alternative Representations and Semantic Barriers

Social representations research has tended to focus upon the representations that groups have in relation to some object. The present article elaborates the concept of social representations by pointing to the existence of “alternative representations” as sub‐components within social representations. Alternative representations are the ideas and images the group has about how other groups represent the given object. Alternative representations are thus representations of other people's representations. The present article uses data from Moscovici's (1976/2008 ) analysis of the diffusion of psychoanalysis to examine how people engage with alternative representations. It is demonstrated that there can be more or less dialogical relations with alternative representations. The analysis concludes by considering seven “semiotic barriers” which work to neutralise the dialogical potential of alternative representations, thus on the one hand enabling groups to talk about the views of others, while, on the other hand, remaining unchallenged by those views.     

心理史学与历史人物研究

心理分析作为一种方法去研究历史和历史人物应注意心理同环境之间的关系 ,人物个性对历史产生的影响 ,个体心理的稳定性和可变性及群体心理的分析。同时 ,在对历史人物进行心理分析时应注意个体的阶级性 ,搜集充分的有关历史人物个体心理材料 ,关注那些变动着的心理、生理因素对人物行为的影响和个人之间不同的差异     

The topic of subjectivity in psychology: Contradictions,paths and new alternatives

This paper draws a picture of how topics related to subjectivity have appeared in different psychological theories, such as psychoanalysis, Gestalt and post‐structuralist approaches, discussing in depth a specific proposition from a cultural‐historical standpoint. I argue that, in most of these theories, subjectivity has been used to refer to specific processes and phenomena without advancing a more general theory about it. The way in which subjectivity was treated within the Cartesian/Enlightenment tradition, taken together with the individualistic tradition of psychology, led critical psychological theories to reject the concept. In this way, such critical theories have omitted the heuristic value of subjectivity to study processes that can neither be exhausted by language, nor by discourse. A new proposal of subjectivity is highlighted, based on the cultural‐historical tradition in psychology. From this perspective, subjectivity is defined by units of emotions and symbolical processes generated throughout human experience. On the basis of such definition, I discuss how institutionalized orders can be subverted by subjective productions that represent new social pathways. Far from being a remnant of Modernity, in this way subjectivity is defined as a human production, capable of transcending the apparent objective limits of human existence.     

Essay: On spirituality and social work practice

Abstract

Gradually, developments in both psychoanalytic theory and practice have pushed the psychoanalytic therapist from a position of presumed knowing and automatic authority towards a more full, complex and parallel participation in the therapeutic process. This dethroning corresponds to the more general undermining of the expert in the postmodern critique of established knowledge and power relations. It is argued that the shift has come about within psychoanalysis by the increasingly environmentalist tilt in theory, by the ascendance of countertransference thinking, and by the demise of the natural science model for psychoanalytic theory. Some implications for practice deriving from these changes are discussed.     

弗洛伊德的案例剧场:忏悔者与生活世界(下)

在上篇所建立的理论框架的基础之上,本篇试图集中到弗洛伊德的五个经典案例,通过约翰·奥尼尔对于这五个案例的理论思考,将精神分析传统中的忏悔现象及其理论置于经典社会理论乃至西方文明的传统之中,并最终将讨论落实在生活世界中的理性与存在问题之上。文章最终回到黑格尔,主张理性必须落在此在之在（Da-sein）并因而是个体存在之意义世界中。与忏悔相关,既存在着一种作为存在之形式（form of being）的理性,又存在着一种作为生命意志（will of life）的理性。第二种理性,也即来自于此在之在的状态,可能是理性真正的困难所在。从这个角度来说,康德对于启蒙所提出的要求,或许正可以落实在弗洛伊德的诊所技术之上。     

百年误读：潘光旦“冯小青影恋说”评析

百年前,我国著名优生学家潘光旦出版《冯小青：一件影恋之研究》,首次运用弗洛伊德的精神分析理论对冯小青进行心理分析,指出小青的悲剧根源在于其性压抑而致其心理变态。由于受到梁启超等学者的赞赏,冯小青为性心理变态者之定论遂不可更改。然而,从文学阐释的角度看,潘先生的研究正是对一个文学文本的科学误读。     

Epistemological problems and the personality and social system in social psychology

If we understand social psychology to be an area where sociology and psychology overlap, or more precisely where we try to explain interaction on the basis of psychological and sociological propositions and concepts, we have singled out a field that should be quite challenging not only in theory and method but in the fundamental questions it raises for both sociology and psychology. Actually, the discipline is not that well integrated and is constituted by such disparate approaches as reinforcement theory, field theory, role theory, small group theory, game theory and psychoanalysis. Many sociologists have abandoned the field altogether. Nor have the proponents of these sub-fields made much effort to consolidate, integrate or reconcile their methodologies. Epistemological questions have been notably absent and only now have arguments from the philosophy of science point of view reemerged to revive the critical and potentially fruitful methodological discussions of earlier theorists (F. Allport; Lewin; Mead; Simmel) and their more recent followers (Homans; Malewski). After considering epistemological problems dealing with the generality of theory and explanation, behavioristic vs. action approaches, operational and model structural implications, we want to argue for a better understanding of social system variables besides those of the personality system and of system theory in general. In our discussion we use examples from the area of sport because it composes a complex system, that is not too difficult to observe at the same time that it shows in relative clarity all of the different levels of an action system. It has, furthermore, many features of an almost experimental design in a natural field. In so far it is a model area to allow due consideration for our demand that social psychology rediscover the method of field studies. This will help to reverse the trend characterized by a general neglect of theory that has resulted from behavioral dogmatism and the expedience of research pragmatism based mostly on two-variable linear models. This is not to say that we disfavor rigorous research design and data analysis - to the contrary. We just want it to be done in the context of broader theoretical concerns and in clear recognition of the pitfalls of operationalism and the merits of action theory.     

The place of social work in sustainable development: Towards ecosocial practice

Peeters J. The place of social work in sustainable development: Towards ecosocial practice Ecological questions are seldom seen to concern the social dimension and, accordingly, to be of direct concern to mainstream social work practice. However, the current ‘social‐ecological crisis’ demands a major social transition to a sustainable society that touches all dimensions of our lives. So, social work cannot escape this process. This article argues that social work can engage in this transition starting from its social mission and tradition, provided it includes the ecological environment as an important element of practice and develops an ecosocial practice centred on empowerment, social capital formation and resilience building as both a contribution to and part of a process of social‐political change.     

从欲望的压抑到欲望的表达——德勒兹后现代唯物主义欲望观的转向

欲望在西方传统思想中一直被理解为匮乏或缺失,是一种不完善的表现,尤其在精神分析中,欲望受到强烈的压抑和否定.德勒兹极力批判这种具有唯心主义性质的传统欲望观,提倡一种积极的欲望观.他认为,欲望不是消极的力量,而是一种积极的力量,具有生产性和建设性.在这个意义上,欲望不但不应受到压抑,而且应得到自由和充分的表达.德勒兹的欲望观是一种后现代的唯物主义欲望观.     

对中国社会转型期及其阶段性的认识与梳理

社会转型是指社会从传统型向现代型转变的过渡过程。改革开放以来,中国社会开始从整体上进入社会转型时期。从社会运行的角度分析,中国社会转型是指社会由恶性运行向中性运行,并进而向良性运行阶段转化的过程。从社会转型的主体内容分析,中国社会转型可以划分为三个阶段,即以经济改革为主体的阶段、以社会改革为主体的阶段和以政治改革为主体的阶段。当前中国已经进入以社会改革为主体的阶段,这是中国迈向现代社会不可或缺、至为重要的一个承上启下的阶段。