叙事治疗理论及其社会工作实践

叙事治疗已成为当下比较流行的社会工作实践新范式,其主要理论基础是后现代主义的社会建构主义。社会建构主义认为人们的周围存在着多重的现实,视乎人们以怎样的方式进行建构。叙事疗法则在这种理论的指导下,使人们解构他们生活现实和关系的意义,并指出现实和内化的自我故事之间的差异,从而帮助人们解决问题。本文首先回顾了叙事治疗的理论渊源,总结叙事治疗理论的主要观点,并介绍了其在青少年社会工作和家庭社会工作中的运用,在此基础上提出相应评析。     

The Moral Arc as a Pretzel: Social Justice in the Trenches

This article explores how social justice has been defined in social work practice and contests the claim of some in our profession that direct practice and social welfare programs are incompatible with social justice, drawing on Foucault’s work on the inextricable link between power and knowledge. This article proposes that social justice “in the trenches” needs further theorizing. Literature supporting a view that direct practice is congruent with a social justice perspective is reviewed. Theory of recognition is introduced as a possible overarching theory to ground direct practice within a social justice framework.     

运用综合治疗模式介入个案社会工作

传统个案社会工作往往在理论上运用个别治疗模式,社会工作实践中使用多个,未能充分发挥其作用。该个案综合分析案主问题,伊始确立多种治疗模式综合介入,协助案主分析自身问题,有次序有步骤地帮助案主克服困难,解决学习生活问题。通过心理疏导及学习实践,改善了原有精神面貌及学习生活状况,达到治疗效果。     

论叙事治疗模式的形成及其运用

叙事治疗模式一经提出在家庭治疗、青少年社会工作、学校社会工作等领域得到广泛运用,逐渐成为当今社会工作实践的新范式。本文在简要介绍该模式的兴起与发展之后,总结其叙事隐喻与社会建构理论两大理论脉络,分析其四大基本假设,进而构建出一个对案例进行实际操作的分析框架,并依此分析这样的个案。     

运用综合治疗模式介入个案社会工作

传统个案社会工作往往在理论上运用个别治疗模式,社会工作实践中使用多个,未能充分发挥其作用。该个案综合分析案主问题,伊始确立多种治疗模式综合介入,协助案主分析自身问题,有次序有步骤地帮助案主克服困难,解决学习生活问题。通过心理疏导及学习实践,改善了原有精神面貌及学习生活状况,达到治疗效果。     

Editorial: Loss and renewal

The authors review the literature that calls for the incorporation of relational theory into social work practice. Two strands of relational theory are important to developing a relational social work perspective: the psychoanalytic and the feminist. Based on a feminist understanding of relationality, Dorothy Smith has provided an alternative sociological perspective that can inform social work practice on the macro level, which she has termed institutional ethnography. In looking at ways that relational theory can inform macro practice in social work we can begin to formulate a more general relational perspective—beyond the clinical—in social work.     

社会工作专业“实践教学系统”构想

社会工作是一门应用性的学科,是实务性、操作性取向的专业。社会工作专业人才除了具备一般社会科学和社会工作专业的理论和知识之外,还应树立社会工作的价值理念和掌握社会工作的方法、技能。这就要求必须强化社会工作实务教学,使之贯穿整个社会工作专业教学过程。本文分析和反思了目前影响社会工作专业实践教学实效的问题,从社会工作专业实务性特征入手探讨了＂角色—方式—目标＂相结合的社会工作实践教学系统的设计。该系统通过将＂实验型＂实习模式、＂项目化＂实习模式及＂分类分层化＂实习模式合理、有机地整合起来,为学生提供了适宜的实习条件。     

THE USE OF PROGRAM

This paper focuses on whar has been thought of in social group work as "program"-program skills, program content, program media, or use of program- and what is now known as nonverbals, exercises, simulations or games, or expressive therapy. Certain dilemmas of rhe past, e.g., process vs. product (content), talking vs. doing, social work vs. recreation, are reviewed as obstacles to the integration of doing-oriented activities within the major rheorerical approaches to group work in social work. Such obstacles haw been less encumbering to other professions which have presently assumed the dominant theorerical leadership in this area. Some recent developments in knowledge, technology, and social-culrural forces are described which have contributed to a present milieu that places increased value of diverse modes of expressiveness. The paper concludes with seven future-oriented proposals that theory, practice, and research in this area demand.     

The Use of Program: Review and Update

SUMMARY

This paper focuses on what has been thought of in social group work as “program”—program skills, program content, program media, or use of program—and what is now known as nonverbals, exercises, simulations or games, or expressive therapy. Certain dilemmas of the past, e.g., process vs. product (content), talking vs. doing, social work vs. recreation, are reviewed as obstacles to the integration of doing-oriented activities within the major theoretical approaches to group work in social work. Such obstacles have been less encumbering to other professions which have presently assumed the dominant theoretical leadership in this area. Some recent developments in knowledge, technology, and social-cultural forces are described which have contributed to a present milieu that places increased value of diverse modes of expressiveness. The paper concludes with seven future-oriented proposals that theory, practice. and research in this area demand.     

浅析社会工作理论与实务的关系——以存在主义取向的社会工作模式为例

作为一门应用性学科,社会工作最主要的特征是它的实务性,它的生命力在于它的可操作性。同时要运用诸多学科的理论知识去解决复杂的社会问题,因此它还具有综合性。本文通过以存在主义取向的社会工作模式为例,分别从实务的重要性、理论的必要性及两者相辅相成的关系三个层面论述了社会工作理论及实务的关系,以期更清晰地呈现所论述的主题。     

社会工作课程理论教学与实践教学的整合优化研究

21世纪我国社会工作教育已经进入新的发展时期。社会工作教育的发展,说明它在协调社会关系、防止社会冲突、解决社会问题方面显示出重要作用。但是,通过对社会工作专业学生、教师以及机构社工进行调查,本文认为,在社会工作教育发展中存在两大主要问题:教学中的"重实践、轻理论"和实践中的"重书本、轻操作",针对此情况,进一步提出从加强社会工作专业的理论意识和建立社会工作专业实践教学的操作平台两方面着手解决,为后社会工作专业的教育教学提供较为客观和现实的指导和建议。     

高职社会工作专业实习教育初探——论自我增权取向的社工专业实习模式

社会工作以实务训练为教学导向,强调理论体系与实践体系的有机融合。本文从当前社会工作实践发展与教育现状出发,对当下高职社会工作专业实习模式进行反恩,试图建构以自我增权为总体设计理念,以优势视角为必要条件,以渐进式分段实践为实施框架,强调SMART指导策略和体验式教育的专业实习模式,以期建立符合本土需求的高职社会工作专业实习模式。     

Social worker or social administrator? Findings from a qualitative case study of a child protection social work team

This paper reports on data from a qualitative case study of child protection social work in one local authority. Ethnographic methods were used and constructionist grounded theory employed to collect and analyse 329 pages of historical documents about the local authority child protection service, 246.5 hours of observations of social work practice and 19 interviews of social workers and their team managers. By interpreting the experiences of the social workers through the conceptual debates about the changes in the field of social administration, the social workers could be seen to want to perform a traditional form of social work but were required to perform a contemporary form of social administration. The aims and purposes of this form of practice could be considered to be distinct from those of social work as understood by the social workers, and as such, the social workers experienced the practice environment as constraining and often felt disillusioned. This paper conceptualizes these forms of practice, contributing to the debates about what practice is and how we are to analyse and categorize it for the purposes of influencing the institutions that create and maintain contemporary practice.     

职业场—企业社会工作实践的困惑与思索

职业场中的种种矛盾与冲突究其实质是在于工业化体系与人性生活需求的对峙与并存。企业社会工作实践所要面对的就是这一矛盾反映出的种种员工问题、社会政策、企业社会责任的落实与关怀。在这个实践之中,社会工作专业伦理与社会伦理以及社会学理论建设诸方面存在着不同程度的冲突与悖论,从而产生了很多困惑。解决这些困惑,思索其理论与实践的发展,则是我国企业社会工作当前所要担当的任务。     

Underpinning knowledge for child care practice: reconsidering child development theory

Child development theory has come to be regarded as essential underpinning knowledge for social work practice, a view reinforced by the current research‐minded agenda. Practitioners are enjoined to acquire a more in‐depth knowledge of child development but in this paper it is argued that this agenda requires more scrutiny if social workers are going to engage more meaningfully with the child development literature and use it in a critical and reflexive way in their practice. To this end some key messages drawn from critical approaches to developmental psychology, a literature to date largely unrecognized by social work, are examined for their relevance to practice.     

Theory and social work: A conceptual review of the literature

This article presents a conceptual review of the literature concerning social work and theory. Based on analysis of 93 research studies, drawn from literature in English published between 1968 and 2016, the review considers the many ways that theory is conceptualised in the literature, and asks meta‐theoretical questions about how and why different conceptualisations arise. The article examines definitional questions and ambiguities concerning the use of theory, extant research on the use of theory by social workers in practice, hostility expressed regarding theory in social work, the theory/practice divide and perspectives that emphasise theory's utility or functionality. The article points at some methodological and ethical limitations concerning current research, and summarises dominant, as well as less prominent, versions of what counts as theory within the social work discipline, before finally suggesting that further meta‐theoretical research is needed.     

Adventure-Based Group Therapy to Promote Social Skills in Adolescents

This article presents adventure-based group therapy as one type of activity-based group treatment that can be used to promote social skills in adolescents. Adventure-based therapy groups are a blend of experiential education, outdoor education, and group therapy. Key components of adventure-based therapy groups include activities that provide immediate and concrete consequences of behaviors, reliance on problem solving, their use of novel and unfamiliar environments, and the use of physical trust. The article includes practice examples of how these factors can be used to promote social skills and discusses limitations and implications for social work group practice.     

Toward Generic Social Work Practice--a Review and Some Innovations

Summary This essay reviews the development of the generic concept andoffers three models and several concepts that are seen as relevantto the progress of generic theory for social work practice.A major gap in professional social work has been identified.The generic approach is seen as having exciting potential foreducating and training multi-skilled social workers, but a greatdeal of head and heart work is necessary before the idea ofgeneric social work can become a practical and viable reality     

Constructive Social Work and Personal Construct Theory: The Case of Psychological Trauma

The complex and changing relationship between theory and practicein social work has received increasing attention in recent years.Parton (2000) has advocated a constructionist approach thatunderlines the similarity between the roles of the researcherand the practitioner. Personal construct theory (Kelly, 1955)is one member of the constructionist family that has particularimplications for social work practice. It evolved as a pragmaticapproach to psychotherapy, advocating a research supervisor/studentmodel of the practitioner/client relationship. In this article,we elaborate its application to social work practice, drawingon contemporary work in the fields of trauma and loss to illustrateits value.