Search and research: the influence of editorial boards on journals’ quality

This paper considers the search for the best papers by the editors of an academic journal. At each period, each editor receives a set of submissions and has to decide which paper to accept. Some editors being more demanding than others, researchers choose the quality level of their papers taking as given the composition of the editorial board. According to the specific structures of the editorial board, various equilibria may appear. We show that the journal will publish a high number of high quality papers only when the editorial board is composed by a homogeneous set of very demanding editors.     

Financial Crisis and Sustainability of US Fiscal Deficit: Indicators or Tests?

Whether or not budgetary policies are sustainable and can be conducted without creating the potential for government bankruptcy is a central question for macroeconomic analysis. In this paper, we show that indicators and tests to assess government solvency should not be used alternatively. We lay out a simple and intuitive procedure to integrate simultaneously the results from the two approaches to fiscal sustainability. Indicators are forward looking, for they are based on published forecasts, thus reacting to a set of current and expected future conditions in fiscal-policy making. Tests, by contrast, are backward looking, for they are based on a sample of past data. In the event of conflicting results, indicators may signal the occurrence of a structural change in policy, which may reverse the predictions of tests. Whether the results from indicators or from tests should be given priority in the assessment of the sustainability of public debt will thus depend on the structural stability of the historical data generating process of the primary surplus. Only in the absence of a structural break in the stance of fiscal policy, the potential warning predictions of fiscal indicators should be interpreted as merely reflecting transitory factors to be eventually reversed. An application to U.S. post-World War II historical data, from 1948 to 2016, and forecasts, from 2017 to 2027, demonstrates the empirical relevance of the proposed comprehensive approach and helps add new insights to the evaluation of the U.S. fiscal position. In particular, our results suggest that the potentially unsustainable course of U.S. fiscal policy from 2008 onwards, advocated by the use of fiscal indicators, reflects systematic—not cyclical—factors. The main policy implication is that deficit increases in the U.S. from 2008 onwards cannot be regarded as a transitory phenomenon and hence do entail an urgent need for a structural change in the future stance of budgetary policy.     

Interests Conflicts and Their Solution during the Talks on the Sino-Soviet Treaty of 1950

中苏之间在国家主权和经济利益方面的矛盾主要表现在新疆、蒙古和东北问题上。中苏谈判期间,斯大林做出两次重要让步:一是在毛泽东的执意要求下同意废除旧条约,签订新条约;二是周恩来巧妙地把蒙古问题与东北问题拴在一起,迫使苏联同意按中国的要求归还中长铁路和旅顺港。中苏之间国家利益冲突的解决,一方面使中苏同盟关系得以在法律的基础上确立起来,另一方面也迫使斯大林调整对朝鲜半岛的政策,以保证苏联的亚洲利益,并能够继续其远东战略。     

Impact of Combat on the Mental Health and Well‐Being of Soldiers and Marines

This presentation introduces a summary of leading edge research and recommendations for a number of changes regarding mental health needs and services for Veterans. Those Veterans who experienced combat exposure and those who have perceived their leadership negatively have greater risks for developing subsequent PTSD. Research data provide support for the use of Battlemind Training as a useful approach to prevent mental health issues at all phases of the deployment cycle. The author also challenges the current use of DSM–IVTR diagnoses with combat Veterans.     

Pavlova and pineapple pie: Selected identity influences on Samoan‐Pakeha people in Aotearoa/New Zealand

Abstract

This paper examines influences on the increasing numbers of those with one Pakeha parent and one Samoan parent in Aotearoa/New Zealand. It is based on a small, qualitative study and utilises a narrative approach. It describes selected influences at macro, meso, and micro levels of social structure as a framework for examining how this population view themselves and construct their identities. At the macro level, post‐colonial dynamics of requiring “authenticity” from minority groups is explored, as it demands high standards of legitimacy from those of both Samoan and Pakeha ancestry. Essentialist and one drop rule theories of ethnic identity tend to classify this population as belonging solely to the Samoan category. At the meso level, these people as children are uncritically treated as if they are only Samoan. At the micro level, the influences of their nuclear and extended families tended to encourage a Samoan identity in most participants. There was a marked variation in the ways the participants interpreted their lives, despite some similarities of experience.     

The effect of community organisations’ participation and existence on self-rated health in China: evidence from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

Using the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study cross-sectional survey in 2011 with an 80.51% response rate, an endogenous logit model is adopted to account for the relationship between social capital and self-rated health and the heterogeneity from gender, age and marital status on individual self-rated health status. Consequently, social capital at both individual and community levels is found to be positively correlated with better subjective self-rated health status. Furthermore, the social capital’s marginal effect of the male, high-income groups, the married are larger than that of the female, rural residents, low-income groups and the divorced. In addition, interclass correlation value from the partition of the fixed and random effect of social capital is significantly, ranging from 3.0 to 5.49%, indicating a significant proportion of the total variance in self-rated health that can be explained by community-level differences.     

Deficit sustainability,and monetary versus fiscal dominance: The case of Spain, 1850–2000

In this paper, we provide a test of the sustainability of the Spanish government deficit over the period 1850–2000, emphasizing the role played by monetary and fiscal dominance in order to get fiscal solvency. Since the condition of fiscal solvency was satisfied, government deficit would have been sustainable along the sample period. In addition, the whole period can be characterized as one of fiscal dominance.     

An explorative study of peer influence and response to adolescent self‐cutting behavior in Hong Kong∗

This paper reports on a qualitative study of peer responses to self‐cutting of secondary school adolescents in Hong Kong. Through semi‐structured in‐depth interviews with three adolescent self‐cutters, their family members, and their peers, the peers’ response to adolescents’ self‐cutting was explored. The findings showed that different peers had different types of influence, as well as different responses to self‐cutting. Close and supportive peers were usually the first to discover the self‐cutting. They were a source of help, communicating with parents, friends, teachers, and the adolescents themselves. In contrast, non‐supportive peers, especially boyfriends or girlfriends, created conflicts that seemed to provoke self‐cutting. The findings’ significance for social work intervention is also discussed.     

Partisan ideology,veto players and their combined effect on productive and protective welfare policy: how the left still matters after all?

Quantitative analysis of the question whether ‘parties still matter’ has largely focused on the dynamics of aggregated expenditure-based dependent variables or protective welfare policies such as unemployment, sickness and family benefits. This article develops a series of pooled time-series cross-section regression specifications predicting changes in disaggregated protective welfare policies alongside productive welfare policies, namely family services, active labour market programmes and public education, across 17 Western democracies (1971–2010). In so doing, it employs the latest Comparative Manifesto Project [Volkens, A., P. Lehmann, N. Merz, S. Regel, and A. Werner. 2014. The Manifesto Data Collection. Manifesto Project (MRG/CMP/MARPOR). Version 2014b. Berlin: Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (WZB). Accessed January 2015. https://manifestoproject.wzb.eu/information/information] and Veto Player [Jahn, D., T. Behm, N. Düpont, and C. Oberst. 2012. Parties, Institutions & Preferences: Veto Player (Annual), Version 2012–02. Accessed January 2015. http://comparativepolitics.uni-greifswald.de/data.html] data to explore the effect of the ideological position of prime ministers’ parties, veto players and their combined effect on these welfare policy areas. The article confirms that Left and Right governments ceased to make any substantive difference for protective welfare policies from the early 1980s onwards. Yet, it also finds that positive Left partisan effects have largely persisted for productive welfare policies. In the era of global competition, Left party ideology has continued to be an important factor in realising a social investment perspective in practice; in terms of the expansion of family services, its effects have been contingent on the veto power Left prime ministers faced.     

Decision Making in Evidence‐Based Practice: Science and Art

In this article the author reviews problems in the implementation of evidence‐based practices (EBP) and concludes that these derive not only from numerous practical concerns, but also from fundamental epistemological issues. These include an antiquated understanding of the scientific method, involving types of naive inductivism and rationalism. The central argument of this article is that recent developments in the field of naturalistic decision making provide a critical framework for understanding the problems in the implementation of EBP, as well as possible avenues for their resolution. Developments that are reviewed include the use of heuristics, decision trees, case‐based reasoning, as well as an example of a generalized model of expert decision making. Such models increasingly combine situational awareness with critical thinking and metacognitive capacities. They promise to more effectively focus the application of rational and empirical problem‐solving methods, such as EBP, on the most complex problems.     

Discrimination by whom? : Unraveling the effect of experiences of discrimination on depression of multi-ethnic children and adolescents in Korea

ABSTRACT

Using the National Survey of Multicultural Families 2015, we examine the mediation effect of self-esteem and the effects of discrimination from different sources on young people’s depression, and we account for the importance of geographic area. The results indicate that peer discrimination has an adverse effect on depression among multi-ethnic children and adolescents in both urban and rural areas. Further, discrimination from neighbours affects self-esteem and depression among those in rural areas, and discrimination by strangers is strongly associated with depression among urban-residing children and adolescents. Based on such findings, implications for social work practice are provided.     

Working‐class movement and working‐class life : Frankfurt am Main during the Weimar Republic∗

Lynn Lees, Solidarities of Strangers :The English Poor Laws and the People, 1700–1948 (1998), xii + 373 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £45.00/$64.95).

Tim Hitchcock, Peter King and Pamela Sharpe (eds), Chronicling Poverty: The Voices and Strategies of the English Poor, 1640–1840 (1997), xii + 248 (St Martin's Press, New York, $69.95).

Anne Cova, Maternité et droits des femmes en France (XlXe‐XXe siècles) (1997), vii + 435 (Anthropos Historiques, Paris, 250FF). [Motherhood and Women's Rights in France in the 19th and 20th Centuries.]

Kathie Friedman Kasaba, Memories of Migration: Gender, Ethnicity, and Work in the Lives of Jewish and Italian Women in New York, 1870–1924 (1996), xii + 242 (State University of New York, Albany, $59.50, paperback $19.95).

Mary Buckley (ed.), Post‐Soviet Women: From the Baltic to Central Asia (1997), xvii + 316 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £50.00/$59.95, paperback £16.95/$22.95).

Sudhir Hazareesingh, From Subject to Citizen: The Second Empire and the Emergence of Modern French Democracy (1998), xiii + 393 (Princeton University Press, Princeton, £40.00/$55.00, paperback £14.95/$19.95).

David E. Barclay and Eric Weitz (eds), Between Reform and Revolution: German Socialism and Communism from 1840 to 1990 (1998), xi + 580 (Berghahn Books, New York and Oxford, $79.00/£55.00).

Manuel Frey, Der reinliche Biirger. Entstehung und Verbreitung bürgerticher Tugenden in Deutschland, 1760–1860 (1997), 406 (Vandenhoeck &; Ruprecht, Göttingen, DM98). [The Clean Bourgeois. The Creation and Dissemination of Middle Class Virtues in Germany, 1760–1860.]

Alon Confino, The Nation as Local Metaphor. Wurttemberg, Imperial Germany, and National Memory, 1871–1918 (1997), xiii + 280 (University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, $19.95).

Wolfgang Behringer, Witchcraft Persecutions in Bavaria. Popular Magic, Religious Zealotry and Reason of State in Early Modern Europe, trans. J. C. Grayson and David Lederer (I997), xxi + 476 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £50.00/$75.00).

Olaf Blaschke, Katholizismus mid Antisemitismus im Deutschen Kaiserreich (1997), 443 (Vandenhoeck &; Ruprecht, Göttingen, DM78).

Faith Wigzell, Reading Russian Fortunes: Print Culture, Gender, and Divination in Russia from 1765 (1998), xi + 250 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £45.00/$64.95).

Sarah Davies, Popular Opinion in Stalin's Russia:Terror, Propaganda, and Dissent, 1934–1941 (1997), xix + 236 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £45.00/$59.95, paperback , £11.95/$19.95).

Judith Pallot (ed.), Transforming Peasants: Society, State and the Peasantry, 1861–1930 (1998), xix + 264 (St Martin's Press, New York, $69.95).

Sheldon Garon, Molding Japanese Minds: The State in Everyday Life (1997), xvii + 313 (Princeton University Press, Princeton, $39.50/£30.50, paperback $15.95/£13.95).

Theodore Huters, R. Bin Wong and Pauline Yu (eds), Culture and State in Chinese Society: Conventions, Accommodations and Critiques, Irvine Studies in the Humanities (1997), x + 500 (Stanford University Press, Palo Alto, $65.00, paperback $24.95).

Cheryl Anne Cox, Household Interests: Property, Marriage Strategies, and Family Dynamics in Ancient Athens (1998), xx + 253 (Princeton University Press, Princeton, $45.00/$33.95).     

University‐industry relationships in genetic research: Potential opportunities and pitfalls

Changes in the environment in which university research is conducted, in conjunction with the development of new research technologies such as biotechnology, are contributing to the proliferation and diversification of university‐industry relationships. This paper describes and documents university‐industry relationships in five categories: research contracts, technology transfer activities, consultancies, employment, and gifts. Special emphasis is given to biotechnology research relations. Conflicts that may arise from these relations are discussed and studies evaluating the potential impacts of university‐industry relationships are summarized. While wide‐spread abuse has not been reported, subtle changes in university research may be occurring. Using the University of Tennessee as a case study, the paper ends with a discussion of the difficulties of establishing guidelines and procedures to prevent and settle conflicts of interest that might result from university‐industry relationships.     

Parents’ and friends’ responses to discrete negative emotions: Associations with adolescent emotional experiences

Emotion socialization (ES) impacts a range of youth socioemotional outcomes. However, research often examines parent socialization of negative emotions more broadly. Research examining multiple socializers demonstrates that variety in ES messages may promote flexibility in youth socio-emotional adjustment. The current study examined how parents’ and friends’ supportive socialization of discrete negative emotions (anger, sadness, worry) related to adolescents’ emotional experiences. Eighty-seven adolescents (50 girls; 13–15 years old, M age = 14.23 years) reported on parent and friend supportive ES in 8^th grade. Sixty-four of these adolescents reported their own emotional experiences in 9^th and/or 10^th grade. Parents’ supportive ES was higher than friends’ for sadness and worry. Divergence between parent and friend ES of sadness related to lower increases in anger over time. There were effects of convergence in ES of anger, as matches between parent and friend ES were related to less experience of all three negative emotions. There were unique effects of parent and friend ES of worry. Parent ES of worry related to adolescents’ balance of anger and sadness, whereas friend ES of worry related to decreased sadness over time. These findings suggest that ES and its relations with adolescent emotional experience varied by discrete emotions, as each carries a different meaning and function. Future research should examine processes connecting discrete emotional experiences within interactions and across time.