The social adjustment of children of low intelligence: Part III 1

This article examines the dilemmas faced by undocumented immigrants within the criminal justice system vis-à-vis the immigrant detention center and the resulting implications for social work. It explores the new realities for undocumented immigrants in the United States, including an explanation of state policies that have led to the criminalization of immigrants. The criminal justice and homeland security responses to undocumented immigrants, including the trend toward the privatization of immigration detention centers are analyzed. Finally, the implications of these trends for social work practice are discussed.     

Adult adjustment problems of separated children: a longitudinal study from birth to the age of 23 years

The study investigated the risk of adult criminality, alcohol abuse and mental health problems (between 18 and 23 years of age) that were associated with a) the number of separations to which a child had been subjected, b) age at separation and c) the sex of the child. Data were used from a Swedish longitudinal study of a large representative sample. It was found that: 1) experiencing a separation during childhood was associated with a significantly increased risk of later maladjustment for all 3 adjustment problems; 2) the risk increased approximately additively with the number of separation events experienced during childhood; and 3) for all 3 adjustment problems, the risks were largest in the case of early (before age 7) and late (age 12-16) separations and there was not any significant risk increase arising from separations in the intervening age period. These risk increase patterns were similar for males and females, but the levels differed, since male sex in itself almost quadrupled the odds for later criminality and alcohol abuse.     

Longitudinal relations of emotion knowledge to psychosocial adjustment in European and Chinese American school-age children

The study is the first to examine the developmental trajectory of emotion knowledge as it relates to psychosocial adjustment in a cross-cultural context. European American (EA, n = 68, 28 boys) and Chinese American (CA, n = 62, 31 boys) children and their mothers participated. Children's emotion knowledge was assessed, and their psychosocial adjustment was reported by mothers at three time points when children were 6.5, 7, and 8 years of age. Although EA children had greater emotion knowledge at Time 1, CA children's emotion knowledge grew faster over the following 1.5 years. In addition, emotion knowledge predicted fewer internalizing problems in CA children but predicted fewer externalizing problems in EA children. Thus, emotion knowledge was associated with psychosocial adjustment for both cultural groups, and particularly helpful for children to cope with issues to which they are most vulnerable in their respective cultural contexts. The findings shed critical light on the developmental trajectories of emotion understanding and psychosocial adjustment in specific cultural contexts.     

The relative amenability of dull and bright children to child guidance 1

Supervision is an activity filled with ethical dilemmas related to the power held by the supervisor, a power that should be exercised with care. This article explores some of these dilemmas through the analysis of supervision vignettes viewed from the perspective of social constructionism, in particular, from the insights of French philosopher Michel Foucault. It concludes with suggestions to exercise supervisory power ethically.     

The optimal adjustment to mineral-supply disruptions: The case of aluminum in Taiwan

Although most primary commodities seem to be in over supply, a basic question remains: what is the impact of critical mineral-supply restrictions on the economies of mineral-importing nations? This article develops a framework that can be easily used to analyze the potential impact of a mineral-supply restrictions and to formulate an adjustment pattern of a small-size, Taiwan-type economy on a sector-by-sector basis. The model presented here generalizes I-O analysis through a linear-programming framework. An iterative solution procedure is incorporated into the model so that the results are more practical and flexible for use by policy makers. A corresponding restricted resource-allocation function is derived the LP-model solution, which allows the policy maker to readily construct an adjustment strategy.     

The later social adjustment of a group of borderline defective delinquents trained at the oaks school 1

In Part 1 of this article, the author provides an overview of the history of psychoanalytic treatment of those identifying as homosexual. In Part 2, the author interviews “Rob” to more fully demonstrate the corrosive effects over a lifetime of analytic and psychotherapeutic treatment, as it had once been practiced. Rob, a man primarily attracted to men, spent many years in treatment with different therapists and analysts during the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. Now in his early eighties, Rob is married and remains closeted to all but a few close associates. When Rob entered treatment many years ago, he was told that his homosexual attractions were symptoms of an illness and with treatment he could change. Rob's experience is uncannily similar to multiple reports that exist in the professional and lay literature. Rob knows that nothing can undo the damage he suffered, yet it remains his wish that the psychoanalytic community would acknowledge, and even apologize, to all those who were harmed—including the many who took their lives—by theories and practices that were once so central to mainstream psychoanalysis.     

Temperament,mothers' reactions to children's emotional experiences,and emotion understanding predicting adjustment in preschool children

It is expected that both children and their parents contribute to children's development of emotion knowledge and adjustment. Bidirectional relations between child temperament (fear, frustration, executive control) and mothers' reactions to children's emotional experiences were examined to explore how these variables predict children's emotion understanding, social competence, and problem behaviors. Preschool‐aged children (N = 306) and their mothers were assessed across four‐time points. Children's temperament and mothers' non‐supportive reactions to children's emotional experiences were assessed when children were 36 and 45 months of age. Emotion understanding was assessed when the children were 54 months of age and teachers reported on children's problem behaviors and social competence when the children were 63 months of age. Covariates included family income, child cognitive ability, gender, and child adjustment at 36 months. Results from path analyses demonstrated that bidirectional relations between children's temperament and mothers' non‐supportive reactions were not significant. However, mother's non‐supportive reactions directly predicted fewer problem behaviors, and children's emotion understanding mediated the relation between children's executive control and their later social competence. As such, emotion understanding appears to be one mechanism through which executive control might impact social competence.     

Influence of environmental factors on the social adjustment of epileptics paroled from a mental hospital 1

Women, the Family and Social Work. Eve Brooks and Ann Davis. (New York: Methuen, Inc. 1985.)

The Borderline Spectrum. Differential Diagnosis and Developmental Issues. W. W. Meissner. (New York: Jason Aronson, 1984.)

The Private Practice of Psychotherapy. Arnold M. Levin. (New York: The Free Press, 1983.)     

II. The social and economic adjustment of a group of special class graduates 1

Doctoring Together, a Study of Professional Social Control. Eliot Freidson. (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1980.)

Object Relations and the Developing Ego in Therapy. Althea J. Horner, Ph.D. (New York: Jason Aronson, 1979.)

New Developments in Foster Care and Adoption. Ed. John Triseliotis. (London, Boston: Routledge &; Kegan Paul Ltd., 1980).

Transference Neurosis and Transference Psychosis: Toward Basic Unity. Margaret I. Little. (New York: Jason Aronson, 1981.)     

2008年奥运会对北京率先基本实现现代化的影响

北京承办 2 0 0 8年奥运会为跨入新世纪的北京提供了一次千载难逢、加速发展的历史性机遇。奥运经济将有力地促进首都经济、社会的全面发展 ,对促进北京在全国基本实现现代化 ,初步建立起现代化国际化大都市的基本框架、提前实现“新三步走”战略目标将产生积极而深远的影响