促进莫斯科城市发展的几个重要因素

俄罗斯在向市场经济转轨的过程中,由于受到一些主客观因素的影响,它的现实发展状况并不十分理想.在当前的体制下,国家拥有丰富的资源,人民却生活贫困;生产严重下降,却产生出一批批"富人";价格不断上涨,老百姓却拿不到工资.代替"金钱-商品-金钱"周期循环的是"金钱-犯罪-金钱".然而,在这块土地上,不是所有的地方都那么令人悲观,莫斯科就是个例外.几年来,莫斯科正在以飞快的速度发展,无论是城市建设、经济发展,还是在城市交通、住房、环保问题上,可谓一枝独秀.     

The Image of V.V. Putin in the Consciousness of Russia's Citizens

In a survey of contemporary children's literature, works for preschoolers, elementary school children, and adolescents are described and evaluated.     

Social etiology of violence against women in India

Religion, customs, age-old prejudices, etc. have put Indian women in a subservient and exploitable position in many domains of life. Low rates of participation in education, lack of economic independence, value biases operating against them, etc., have resulted in the women being dependent on men folk and other institutions of authority like the family, neighborhood and the society. They are usually ignorant of their rights and even if they are not, they do not have easy access to justice.The issues related to women are being raised and discussed in various fora, in the recent times. Of these, ‘violence against women’ is gaining more and more support and recognition, the world over. But despite the enactment of laws, formulation of reformative legal processes, provision of legal aid to the needy, extensive use of the provision of Public Interest Litigation, conduct of Family Courts, Women/Family counseling centers, etc., women in India have a long way to go in concretizing their Constitutional Goals into reality.The problem has to be visualized in a wider context and cannot be viewed in isolation from the status of women in the society. Legislation alone cannot by itself solve deep-rooted social problems; one has to approach them in other ways too. Therefore, what is required is not only a strong legal support network but also opportunities for economic independence, essential education and awareness, alternative accommodation and a change in attitude and mindset of society, judiciary, legislature, executive, men and the most important, woman herself. Restructuring society in terms of power and role relationship while emphasizing the egalitarian values is the need of the day.     

Emotion understanding and maternal sensitivity as protective factors against hostile attribution bias in anger‐prone children

The present research examined children’s anger proneness, emotion understanding, and maternal sensitivity during toddlerhood as predictors of children’s hostile attribution bias (HAB) during the later preschool years. At 2.8 years (N = 128), maternal sensitivity (e.g., child‐centered behavior) was observed during mother–child play and snack, and parents reported on children’s anger proneness. At 3.3 years, emotion understanding (i.e., ability to identify emotional expressions accurately) was measured via an interactive puppet interview. At 4.8 and 5.4 years, children's HAB was assessed via child responses to hypothetical vignettes of ambiguous peer provocations. Path models revealed that maternal sensitivity predicted fewer hostile attributions. In addition, emotion understanding and maternal sensitivity emerged as buffers against the negative effect of anger proneness on HAB. Specifically, greater anger proneness was associated with more frequent hostile attributions, but only when children had lower emotion understanding or had mothers who were less sensitive. The findings highlight the interplay between intrapersonal and interpersonal factors in early childhood that contribute to a hostile attribution bias during the preschool period.     

An Answer to F. V. Bassin's Criticism of Freudianism

Before entering into controversy with Professor F. V. Bassin regarding his article on psychoanalysis, I feel it necessary clearly and sincerely to set down my reactions to it.     

“V＋着（zháo）”和“V＋到”的义素分析

义素是词义的语义成分,义素分析是在相关词义之间进行的词义结构分解,以显示相关词义之间的联系与区别。词是造句单位,词义的语义成分制约着句法成分的语义特征和语义分布。对于句法结构相同句法意义相近的同义句式,义素分析能准确地揭示它们之间深层的语义结构和语用结构差别。"V+着"和"V+到"是一组句法结构和句法意义都相同的句子,用义素分析的方法可以准确地揭示两者的语义和语用差别。     

论"V1着V2"结构的性质

大多数语法著作中 ,将“V1着V2 ”两个动词连用的结构划归连动结构。但是从分析动词V1的语义特征入手 ,可发现动态动词V1后附“着”构成的“V1着”与“V2 ”之间 ,是动作持续的共时同现性关系。静态动词V1后附“着”构成的“V1着”与“V2 ”之间 ,是动作行为的方式与动作直接组合的修饰性关系。因此 ,应当将该结构判定为偏正关系结构     

哈尔滨话儿化的若干问题

将哈尔滨话的儿化现象同北京话进行比较,可看出二者之间存在着同中有异的关系。其差异主要表现在两个方面:首先,儿化韵与基本韵的分合关系不尽相同。其次,儿化词的范围及意义也不尽相同。哈尔滨话儿化音变中还存在某些不合一般对应规律的现象,如"媳妇儿"一词即是。从中多少可看出北京话儿代音变对哈尔滨话的影响。     

Ingroup and outgroup preference and rejection among young children of different ethnic groups in the Netherlands

The current study investigated the ethnic hierarchy in ingroup and outgroup preference and rejection among 6- to 10-year-old children of the dominant White Dutch group (n = 145), and the underrepresented Turkish-Dutch (n = 78), and Afro-Dutch (n = 57) groups (55% girls, M = 7.49, SD = .98) in the Netherlands. Results from a social preference task indicated that White Dutch children showed clearly more preference for their own ethnic group (ingroup preference) compared to the two outgroup preferences (Middle Eastern and Black), while Turkish- and Afro-Dutch children showed limited ingroup preference. Both White and Turkish-Dutch children showed less preference for and more rejection of the Black outgroup compared to Afro-Dutch children. Younger children showed more Black rejection compared to older children. This study provides much-needed evidence for the generalizability of prejudice patterns in children beyond the United States, and suggests that interventions aimed at improving interethnic relations are already relevant at primary school age.     

关于加快广州典当业发展的探讨

本文认为要加快广州典当业发展,发挥其应有作用,就必须进一步解放思想,更新观念,并完善相关法律法规,稳步加快机构设置速度,扩大经营范围,拓宽资金筹集方式,加强风险管理。     

论理性文化的若干特征

从文化层面上说,法治是一种文化,法治观念的树立、法治制度的确立、法治的实行都有其核心的基础,这个基础就是理性文化。理性文化既不同于跟着感觉走的非理性文化,也不同于空想浪漫的超理性文化。理性文化的建设对于法制社会的形成具有基础的作用。本文从新的角度、内涵、结构概述了科学精神、社会契约观念、平等自由民主观念等理性文化要素体系的法治基础价值。     

《传世藏书文白对照三国志》指瑕

田余庆、吴树平等翻译的三秦出版社《传世藏书文白对照三国志》①第二版译文有不少优点,同时也存在校对不精、译文有误、当译不译、漏译词句等四方面的瑕疵。在充分认同其优点的同时就上述四个方面择其要者谈一点商榷的意见,不但会有利于提高其下一版的质量,也会对同类书的翻译、出版有所裨益,从而真正继承“前修未密,后出转精”的学术精神。