敬老院老年人精神生活状况的调查与思考——以长沙市F敬老院为例

人口老龄化是世界性问题,中国已经步入老龄社会,人口老龄化压力已经显现,并将随着老龄化的发展而不断加重。机构养老成为越来越多的老年人的选择。为了了解机构老年人的精神生活状况,笔者对长沙市F区敬老院进行了调查。调查发现,老年人对敬老院的日常生活照料满意度较高;但老年人精神生活存在的问题比较多,如：社会交往少、精神负担重、敬老院精神服务能力与水平有限等等。要改善老年人的精神生活状况,一是要加强护理人员的专业培训,提高护理人员的专业水平;二是建立专业的社工站,拓展老年人精神生活的专业支持;三是构建多元服务模式,丰富老年人精神生活;四是建构老年人社会支持网,发挥社会支持系统的作用。     

引入社会工作理念促进养老服务事业发展

目前,我国已经进入人口老龄化快速发展时期,随着社会不断发展,人们生活方式、养老观念不断改变,老年人及家属对养老服务需求和期待更是逐步提高,尤其是养老机构内住养老人问题的复杂化和个性化对机构发展提出了更高要求。因此养老机构仅仅为住养老人提供基本的生活照料和医疗康复服务已远远不够,更多地关注、关心老年人心理、行为问题,为老人提供心理护理和精神慰藉等全方位服务已逐渐成为衡量养老机构优劣的重要标志。     

关注老人心理健康提高老人生活质量

随着经济社会的迅速发展和人口老龄化形势的日益严峻,老年人的心理亚健康问题引起了社会的广泛关注.人们普遍认识到:要提高老年人的生活质量,就不仅要保障老年人的物质生活,而且也要关注老年人的精神生活,改善老年人的心理调适能力,提高老年人的心理健康水平.     

个案工作在机构养老中的应用探索——以合肥市甲老年公寓为例

一 21世纪是人口老龄化的时代,高龄、空巢和失能老人越来越多,为老社会服务需求日益扩大。老年人是社会中的一个特殊的群体,养老机构中的老年人更为特殊。由于生理机能的衰退,从熟悉的社会环境突然转换到新的相对封闭的环境内,养老机构中老人难免存在生理、心理、经济、社会生活以及宗教信仰等问题。     

遵义县农村敬老院建设管理情况的调查和思考

农村敬老院建设是为了解决农村生活自理能力较差五保老人老有所养,老有所乐,病有所医。对于改善于群关系,维护农村社会稳定,推动农村计划生育工作,移风易俗有着十分重要的作用。为了进一步搞好遵义县的农村敬老院建设,我们对遵义县的农村敬老院建设管理情况进行了调查。     

农村老年人生活状况的调查与思考——以胶南市Z村为个案

随着我国人口老龄化的加速,数量庞大的农村老年人的生活状况日益引起世人关注。通过对胶南市Z村老年人的经济收支、健康及医疗、住房及养老、精神文化生活等基本状况的调查,发现他们基本实现“老有所养”,但“老有所乐”的目标尚未达到。适度转变农村养老模式、建立健全农村养老保障制度、加强精神文明建设等,成为当前提高农村老年人生活质量的较为可行的对策。     

江西宜春市:五措并举 抓好敬老院建设

成立领导小组。市、县均成立了以政府分管领导任组长,民政、编办、人保、财政、监察等部门及乡镇(街道)主要领导为成员的农村敬老院机构建设领导小组;建立了政府主导、民政负责、部门参与、乡镇(街道)配合的运行机制;出台了《加强农村敬老院机构建设工作的实施方案》。事项定人,进度定时,操作定矩,有序推进。公开公平招聘。在做好乡镇(街道)敬老院机构和人员调查摸底,建立敬老院详实信息档案的基础上,通过广泛宣传,统一现场报名、     

加大扶持力度 强化监管作用——民政部：多措并举 着力加强养老机构建设

[背景] 截至2008年底，中国60岁以上老年人已经达到1．6亿，约占总人口的12％，80岁以上的老年人1805万，约占老年人口总数的11．29％。当前和今后相当长的一个时期内，中国都将面临着严峻的人口老龄化形势，社会对养老机构和专业护理的需求急剧增加。但是目前，中国养老机构和护理人员严重不足，     

农村敬老院发展的困境

为使农村五保供养对象能够共享改革开放的成果，感受社会大家庭的温暖，近年来，各级政府逐年加大投入，改善敬老院生活条件，为老人提供了一个良好、舒适的起居、生活、娱乐环境。但是农村敬老院的发展仍然存在诸多问题。     

农村敬老院建设笔谭：当前江西农村敬老院发展中亟待解决的问题

老龄化的到来是社会发展的必然趋势,而我国却“未富先老”。特别在广大的农村社区,老龄化所带来的一系列问题将给社会很大的压力。因此,作为应对老龄化重要力量的农村敬老院的建设显得十分迫切。近年来,江西省大力推进“敬老工程”,农村敬老院的硬件建设得到根本的改变。但是,敬老院的制度建设、人员配备、服务方式、资金筹集等问题成为老年社会工作的当务之急。     

Staff Attitudes and Caring Practices in Homes for the Elderly

Correspondence to Tim Booth, Joint Unit for Social Services Research, The University, Sheffield S10 2TN. Summary This article presents the findings from a major survey of staffattitudes and caring practices in homes for the elderly in Fife.The survey was carried out in the wake of the Wagner Reportto examine the diffusion of good practice ideas among residentialstaff and to see how far these ideas are reflected in actualcaring routines. The study points to the existence of a ‘coolingeffect’ whereby adherence to good practice lessens thecloser one gets to operational reality. Finally, the implicationsof these findings for staff training are discussed.     

Arrangements for Paying for Care in Independent Homes for Elderly People

Correspondence to Anne Corden, Social Policy Research Unit, University of York, Heslington, York YO1 5DD. Summary A fundamental reorganization of the basis of financial supportfor elderly people in independent sector homes is currentlyin progress. Much of the debate so far has focused on the reasonsbehind the policy changes, and possible implications for furtherdevelopments in provision of care and services. Less attentionhas been paid to practical details of mechanisms for transferringmoney to effect payment to independent proprietors. These havenot yet been finalized. It is important that arrangements eventuallydecided serve the best interests of the elderly people concerned.Such arrangements may not always be the simplest and cheapestto administer, either for those authorities paying the bills,or for proprietors balancing the books and managing homes. Thereis an opportunity now, while mechanisms of payment are stillbeing worked out, to consider the options and raise the levelof discussion on this topic, so that the welfare of elderlypeople is high on the agenda while policy decisions are beingmade. This article describes how elderly people currently paytheir bills for care and accommodation in independent long-stayhomes. Changes in the basis of government financial supportfor long-term care, due to be fully implemented in April 1993,will require different mechanisms for transfer of monies. Theoptions are considered in the light of what we already knowabout the significance of financial exchanges within care homes.     

Short Term Care for the Elderly in Residential Homes: A Research Note

Please address requests for reprints to Dr. D. Boldy, Division of Health Sciences, Centre for Advanced Studies, Western Australian Institute of Technology, Kent Street, Bentley WA 6102, Australia. Summary Short term care for the elderly has expanded rapidly in thelast five years. The study evaluates short stay care in fourresidential homes using interviews with 42 clients, their main‘carers’, officers-in-charge of the homes and socialworkers. Whilst the service worked reasonably smoothly and provideda break for family carers there remains further potential forimproving the quality of service in the context of a full rangeof services for elderly people.     

An Attempt to Assess a New Design in Residential Homes for the Elderly

Summary A comparison of the residents of three county council homesfor the elderly is undertaken. The three homes differ both intheir architectural design, and in the role of the staff. Themeasures used are mainly concerned with the residents' dailyactivities, and information is collected both by questionnaireand by personal observation. The results show significant differencesin the three groups and tend to support the authors' predictionsconcerning the residents' behaviour, based on the differencesin the physical design and staff role in the homes     

Group Living in Homes for the Elderly: A Comparative Study of the Outcomes of Care

Correspondence to Tim Booth, Department of Sociological Studies, Joint Unit for Social Services Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN. Summary This paper traces the theory and practice of group living inhomes for the elderly in the literature and in the field. Itreviews the current state of research and calls for more workon the comparative evaluation of outcomes. It describes andpresents the results from a longitudinal study of matched samplesof residents in group homes and traditional homes which assessedthe relative changes in their personal functioning over time.The findings suggest that group living arrangements have beenoversold—in so far as they promise more than they deliver.     

Private Children's Homes

Summary The paper provides survey and intensive research material onthe private children's homes sector. It is shown that this sectoris currently in decline. Private homes are found to be shelteringchildren with long and complex care histories and to adopt adistinctive residential style. Although private homes providevaluable long term continuity, they are less likely to offerthe same range of community services as do residential settingsmanaged by the local authority and voluntary child care agencies.     

家园的守望

现代科技是一把双刃剑,它一方面把人类引向对文明成果的片面依赖,使本该亲密的个体变成为孤独无依的游离个体;另一方面,对科技的高度信任和片面依赖,又使大多数人失去了其应有的创造性,成为机械化的、呆滞的人。对技术理性进行必要的反思与批判,重新审视审美活动的当代意义,正是恢复完美人性、重返人类精神家园的重要途径。     

Housing for the Frail Elderly

No abstract available for this article.     

Services for the Rural Elderly

This paper examines the interaction between social policy and community characteristics as they relate to the development of formal long-term care services for the rural elderly. A model for the conversion of policy opportunity into actual services for the rural elderly is presented. This model suggests that while social policy in rural areas is a constant, selected community level characteristics contribute to or impede service development.