公众对于“两型社会”建设的态度—意愿—行为分析

建设资源节约型和环境友好型社会(即"两型社会"),是我国生态文明建设的重要目标之一,也是实现生态文明的有效途径。从个体行为和动机的角度来探讨生态文明建设的微观机制,是一个新的研究课题,具有重要的现实意义。本文采用实证分析方法,对影响个体"两型行为"(即资源节约行为和环境友好行为)的各种因素进行了分析讨论,并基于态度—意愿—行为的理论框架建立了这些因素之间因果关系的结构方程模型。研究结果表明,公众对"两型社会"建设的付出意愿以及对"两型社会"建设现状的满意度直接影响他们的两型行为,并且在各种影响因素与两型行为之间起着中介变量的作用。那些对环境风险感知高、健康意识强、认为自己的行为能影响他人、且高度自尊的个体,会有更多的两型付出意愿和两型行为。因此,"两型社会"与生态文明建设要"以人为本",充分考虑人们的行为因素,寻找推动两型行为的有效措施和根本途径。     

机构投资者信息挖掘、羊群行为与股价崩盘风险

聚焦机构投资者决策行为背后的信息驱动因素，选取2007年～2017年沪深A股作为研究样本，构建了机构投资者信息挖掘能力的度量指标，分析机构投资者信息挖掘能力的差异对股价崩盘风险的影响效应及其中介路径.实证发现，持股机构投资者信息挖掘能力的差异程度越大，则越能减缓样本股票的股价崩盘风险.多重链式中介效应检验表明羊群行为在其中起到了部分中介效应，也即信息挖掘能力差异会导致机构投资者的羊群行为程度降低，进而缓解了股价崩盘风险.在不同市场环境中，熊市中这种缓解效应相较于牛市更加明显.同时，良好的公司内外部环境不仅能有效降低股价崩盘的风险，也可以加强机构投资者信息挖掘能力差异性对股价崩盘风险的缓解效应.研究结论为全面认识机构投资者信息挖掘能力以及如何降低股价崩盘风险提供了借鉴.     

领导自我损耗与员工自我损耗——授权、信任的负影响

领导处于自我损耗状态会产生一系列连锁反应,资源丧失的风险感知会增加领导的授权行为,使员工面临更多的工作压力,进而引发员工自我损耗。在这个过程中,授权行为充当着领导自我损耗与员工自我损耗之间的中介,并且受到领导信任的调节,领导对员工的信任水平越高,授权行为越能够发挥积极作用,员工自我消耗水平越低;反之,则产生相反的结果。基于此,领导应积极强化自我和员工的素质与能力,并提升授权与信任行为的精准性,避免陷入自我损耗的恶性循环。     

制度环境、CEO权力与企业战略风格

检验CEO权力强度如何影响企业战略风格,以及这种影响在不同的制度环境中是否存在差异.研究发现:CEO权力越大,战略风格越趋向于风险型;反之,CEO权力越小,战略风格越趋向于稳健型.制度环境负向调节CEO权力强度与企业战略风格之间的关系.即在其他条件相同的情况下,相对于地区制度环境约束性较强的公司,CEO权力强度对企业战略风格的影响在地区制度环境约束性较弱的公司中更为显著.进一步检验发现,企业战略风格越趋于风险型,企业绩效波动性越大;而企业战略风格在CEO权力与企业绩效波动性之间发挥中介作用.     

魅力型领导对员工亲社会性规则违背行为的作用机制研究

基于社会交换理论,以内部人身份感知为中介变量,差错反感文化为调节变量,对来自15家企业的324名员工的调研数据进行分析和检验,构建了魅力型领导对员工亲社会性规则违背行为(PSRB)的作用模型。研究结果表明:魅力型领导对员工的PSRB有显著的正向影响;内部人身份感知在魅力型领导和PSRB之间起到完全的中介作用;差错反感文化对内部人身份感知和PSRB之间的关系具有负向调节作用;差错反感文化能调节内部人身份感知在魅力型领导和员工PSRB之间的中介作用,即差错反感文化程度越高,魅力型领导通过内部人身份感知对员工PSRB的间接关系越弱。     

自我损耗理论视角下领导宽恕对领导辱虐行为的影响研究

基于自我损耗理论的视角,采用问卷调查法,以94名领导和353名下属为样本进行统计分析,考察了领导宽恕对领导辱虐行为的影响,并探讨了资源损耗的中介效应与自我导向动机的调节作用。研究结果表明：资源损耗在领导宽恕与领导辱虐行为之间起中介效应;自我导向动机在领导宽恕与资源损耗之间具有调节效应,即自我导向动机越强,领导宽恕对资源损耗的正向影响越大;自我导向动机调节了资源损耗在领导宽恕与领导辱虐行为之间所起的中介效应,即自我导向动机越强,中介效应越大。     

企业的国际化感知风险对国际化绩效影响研究

以中国国际化企业为研究对象,探讨中国国际化企业的国际化感知风险对企业国际化绩效的影响。从国际化感知风险概念出发,通过引入企业资源能力(调节变量)和国际化市场进入模式(中介变量),剖析国际化感知风险对国际化绩效的影响,并在此基础上构建国际化感知风险与国际化绩效关系整合研究框架。通过对463家中国国际化企业的数据研究发现,国际化感知风险与国际化绩效之间存在显著负相关关系;国际化感知风险不仅直接作用于国际化绩效,而且还经由企业的市场进入模式间接作用于国际化绩效,即市场进入模式的中介作用显著;国际化感知风险对国际化绩效的作用受国际化经验的调节,国际化感知风险对国际化绩效的回归系数是国际化经验的二次函数。     

扶贫标签对消费者购买意愿的影响--感知价值与客观信息披露的作用

基于信号传递、信息加工与消费者感知价值理论,构建以消费者感知价值为中介变量、以客观信息披露为调节变量的理论模型,探索扶贫标签与消费者购买意愿之间的作用机制。从实证分析可知:扶贫标签对消费者购买意愿的正向影响是显著的;在扶贫标签和消费者购买意愿的影响路径中,消费者感知质量和社会价值起到了完全中介作用;客观信息披露起到了负向的调节作用。     

服务品牌名字的暗示性对消费者决策的影响——基于服务业的新视角

品牌名字是品牌的第一要素,品牌命名在品牌要素选择中处于中心地位,是建立品牌资产的重要手段之一。从暗示性品牌名字的角度切入,借鉴国内外已有的研究成果,系统分析中国服务业领域中暗示性品牌名字对消费者品牌态度的影响。对来自某大学的170名MBA学生和186名普通学生参加的两个实验进行数据收集,然后进行方差分析。研究结果表明,在餐馆、宾馆和心理咨询服务中,品牌名字的暗示性与广告信息之间会产生交互作用,暗示性的品牌名字与广告信息越一致,越容易刺激消费者正面的情感,越能激发消费者正面的广告态度和品牌态度;在保险服务中,虽然暗示性品牌名字与广告信息的一致性可以带来消费者积极的广告和品牌态度,但是却不能激发消费者正面的情感状态。此外,感知风险是重要的中介变量。     

汶川地震重灾区与非重灾区民众风险感知对比分析

5．12汶川地震及所造成的重大人员伤亡和经济财产损失．给灾区民众带来了巨大的风险感知,导致人们产生一系列的心理和行为反应。文章通过实际调研数据．对比分析重灾区和非重灾区民众的风险感知影响因素、对地震的熟悉性、可控性程度．以及伴随的心理健康状态和应对行为反应,文章最后总结了对比分析结果,并提出地震风险感知与应急沟通方面可资借鉴的建议。     

The Role of Social Support in Coping during the Anticipatory Stage of Organizational Change: A Test of an Integrative Model

Few researchers have explored how employees use social support to cope during organizational change. The current research proposed and tested a model that integrates moderation and mediation effects in order to understand how perceived available support influences employees' use of support mobilization to deal with change‐related stress. Survey data were collected from 476 health professionals working in a large public hospital undergoing large‐scale change and downsizing. Moderated path analyses revealed evidence to suggest that perceived available support plays a moderated mediation role during coping with change. Support mobilization mediated the indirect relationship between change‐related stress and job satisfaction, at both low and high levels of perceived available colleague support. Perceived available non‐work support moderated the relationship between support mobilization and job satisfaction, and perceived available supervisor support moderated the relationship between change‐related stress and support mobilization. The direction of simple effects was not always as expected and alternative explanations for these unexpected findings are offered, along with practical implications for supervisors managing organizational change.     

食品安全事件中的公众风险感知及应对行为研究——以问题奶粉事件为例

近年来频发的问题食品事件使食品安全日益成为公众关注的焦点。本文以2008年曝光的三聚氰胺问题奶粉事件为例,以风险感知为切入点,构建了问题奶粉事件中公众的风险感知与应对行为关系模型,揭示了问题奶粉事件中的风险信息对消费者风险感知和控制感的影响,剖析了风险感知、控制感等对人们的抵制和积极应对行为的作用机理,并根据研究结论提出了管理实践方面的可资借鉴的建议。     

What Motivates Individuals to Protect Themselves from Risks: The Case of Wildland Fires

This research investigates the cognitive perceptual process that homeowners go through when faced with the decision to protect themselves from the risk of wildfires. This decision can be examined by looking at the interaction between the integrated protection motivation theory-transtheoretical model and different levels of homeowners' subjective knowledge related to wildfire risks. We investigated the role of motivation, decision stages of risk readiness, and subjective knowledge on the number of risk-mitigating actions undertaken by homeowners living in high-risk communities. The results indicate that homeowners who are in an early or precontemplative stage (both low and high subjective knowledge) as well as low knowledge contemplatives are motivated by their perceived degree of vulnerability to mitigate the risk. In contrast, high knowledge contemplatives' potential behavioral changes are more likely to be motivated by increasing their perceptions of the severity of the risk. Risk-mitigating behaviors undertaken by high knowledge action homeowners are influenced by their perceptions of risk severity, self-efficacy, and response efficacy. In contrast, the low knowledge action homeowners engage in risk reduction behaviors without the influence of any of the PMT variables; demonstrating their motivation to emulate others in their community. These results have implications for the type of information that should be used to effectively communicate risks in an effort to influence the diverse homeowner segments to engage in risk-reduction behaviors.     

Perceived Risk and Uncertainty of Nuclear Waste: Differences Among Science,Business, and Environmental Group Members1

This paper presents survey results on perceived risk regarding the management of nuclear waste. Using data taken from random mail surveys of members of scientific, business, and environmental groups in Colorado and New Mexico in the summer of 1990, we examine differences between the groups in their expressed perceptions of risk and also their assessments of the certainty of their beliefs. We consider whether (a) greater uncertainty is associated with greater perceived risks and (b) whether there is greater responsiveness to new information for those whose beliefs are least certain. We find that there are connections between perceived risk and uncertainty, and there is a greater tendency to update risk assessements from a position of greater initial uncertainty. There are, however, differences between the groups as well as asymmetries in their responses to new information. The latter suggests that perceived risks will ratchet upward over time even when information is not biased toward more or less risk.     

Pre-recovery emotions and satisfaction: A moderated mediation model of service recovery and reputation in the banking sector

This study examines the mediating role of service recovery judgments between pre-recovery emotions and post-recovery satisfaction, and investigates the role of firm reputation in this mediation context. Using a moderated mediation framework, the authors test the model with data from 366 customers who experienced a banking service failure and complained to a third party. The results show that distributive, procedural, and interactional justice dimensions mediate the relationship between pre-recovery emotions and satisfaction. Firm reputation moderates the relationship between emotions and satisfaction via distributive and interactional justice, but not via procedural justice. This study provides evidence for the notion that pre-recovery emotion is an antecedent of service recovery process and firm reputation plays an essential role in this process.     

The Role of the Affect and Availability Heuristics in Risk Communication

Results of past research suggest that affect plays an important role in risk perception. Because affect may also increase the availability of risks, affect and availability are closely related concepts. Three studies tested the hypothesis that evoking negative affect (fear), either through past experience or through experimental manipulation, results in greater perceived risk. The present research focused on perception of flooding risk. Study 1 and Study 2 showed that participants who received risk information concerning a longer time period (e.g., 30 years) perceived more danger compared with participants who received risk information for one year. Study 2 showed that the interpretation of risk information was influenced by participants' own experiences with flooding. In Study 3, affect was experimentally manipulated. After looking at photographs depicting houses in a flooded region, participants perceived greater risk compared with participants in a control group. Taken together, the results of these three studies suggest that affect is important for successful risk communication. Results of the present research are in line with the affect heuristic proposed by Slovic and colleagues.     

Mediation und Coaching — ein Vergleich

Mediation and coaching — A comparisonMediation and coaching — two terms which have generally gained familiarity in the last decade. Nevertheless, it is still mostly experts who know what is inherent in these concepts. This comparative analysis will therefore first explore and compare the origin and development of mediation and coaching. With reference to the relevant literature, the methods and strategies of these two forms of intervention will subsequently be presented. After discussing these topics, the paper will examine the personal prerequisites, i.e. the competencies, knowledge and skills that should be required of a mediator and coach. The author hypothesises that the highest degree of correspondence and congruency found in the comparison will be in regards to these prerequisites.     

Expert and Public Perception of Risk from Biotechnology

Risk perceptions of a series of biotechnology applications were examined in a public (nonexpert) sample and an expert sample. Compared with the experts, the public perceived all biotechnology applications as more risky. Both groups perceived food-related applications to be riskier than medical applications. Compared with the public, experts perceived both food and medical applications as less harmful and more useful. Experts also judged the risks posed from medical biotechnology applications as more familiar and acknowledged by people and science. Lay estimates of the risk of food applications were predicted by potential harm, potential benefits, science knowledge, and familiarity; experts' estimates were predicted only by harm and benefits. Lay estimates of the risk of medical applications were predicted by potential harm; experts' estimates were predicted by potential benefits, number and type of people exposed, and science knowledge. We discuss the implications of the results for risk communication about and management of different types of biotechnologies.     

团队防御型调节焦点对新产品创造力的双刃剑效应

基于调节焦点理论和团队过程视角,构建了团队防御型调节焦点、信息共享度通过团队活力和团队反思影响新产品创造力的被调节的双通道中介模型。实证研究表明:团队活力中介了防御型调节焦点和新产品创造力的负向间接关系;团队反思中介了防御型调节焦点和新产品创造力的正向间接关系;信息共享度削弱了团队防御型调节焦点对团队活力的负向影响;信息共享度削弱了团队活力在防御型调节焦点和新产品创造力之间的中介作用;团队信息共享度增强了团队防御型调节焦点对团队反思的正向影响;团队信息共享度增强了团队反思在防御型调节焦点和新产品创造力之间的中介作用。     

Children's disaster knowledge,risk perceptions,and preparedness: A cross-country comparison in Nepal and Turkey

While children are one of the groups at risk in disasters, they can also take an active part in disaster management, provided that the opportunity is given. This research examined the effect of disaster experience, disaster education, country, and city socioeconomic status on children's perceived risk and preparedness with a survey of 1335 children between 11 and 14 years old, in Nepal and Turkey. The survey used questionnaires and the pictorial representation of illness and self measure (PRISM) tool. Results showed that (1) children's risk perceptions were in line with their country-specific objective risks; (2) there were differences between the countries in relation to perception of risk for all the hazards except wildfire; (3) socioeconomic status had a statistically significant effect on children's perceptions of risk and preparedness for earthquakes, wildfires, that is, children who live in wealthier places had higher perceived risk and preparedness; (4) children in both countries showed similar trends in their knowledge of the correct protective actions to take in the event of a hazard occurrence. However, there is still room to enhance children's knowledge, in terms of safety behaviors, as the children selected many incorrect protective actions. There are important implications in terms of child-centered disaster management which hopefully will make life safer and help to create more resilience to disaster in society as a whole.