试论行政决策的民主化和科学化

文章首先阐述了行政决策的内涵和特点,接着就行政决策民主化与科学化进行了解释,提出实现决策民主化与科学化在我国决策机构和机制中的重要性以及必要性并分析了民主化与科学化二者间的辨证统一关系,最后就如何实现决策民主化与科学化提出了自己的看法。     

浅议行政决策科学化和民主化的组织保证

随着人类社会的不断发展,人类活动由经验决策,个体决策,封闭决策,向着集团化、民主化、专业化、组织结构系统化、制度法制化方向发展.目前,我国正处于社会组织高度严密、庞大、开放和一体化的时代.行政决策面临不堪忍受的空前复杂性、迅即性.     

三峡工程：决策科学化民主化的典范

三峡工程——“当惊世界殊”三峡水利枢纽工程是治理开发长江的关键性工程。坝址选在宜昌三斗坪，在葛洲坝上游40公里处。坝址基岩坚硬完整，河谷开阔，具有得天独厚的筑坝条件。     

制度建设：苏州决策民主化科学化的根本

苏州要在更高的起点上科学发展、率先发展、和谐发展，必须进一步改革和完善决策机制，推进决策民主化科学化。决策民主化科学化，制度建设是根本。只有建章立制，制订和不断完善各种制度，才能发挥制度所具有的刚性规范的约束功能，     

实行正确的决策推进决策民主化、科学化、程序化

<正> 党和国家新领导非常重视决策最近一个时期以来,党和国家新一届领导同志,在不同时间和不同会上,反复强调决策和咨询问题的重要性。温家宝总理在国务院第一次全体会议讲话中提出:新一届政府要有新气象、新面貌,关键要在三个方面有明显进步:第一,实行科学民主决策;第二,坚持依法行政;第三,加强行政监     

公众参与视角下领导决策科学化和民主化的统一

本文从公众社会逐渐兴起的背景入手,以公众参与的视角谈领导决策的科学化与民主化的统一,阐述了公众参与对实现实现领导决策科学化和民主化的重要性,分析了我国公众参与领导决策存在的问题,并且在此基础上提出了一些政策建议。     

积极推进高校党委决策科学化民主化

《中共中央关于加强党的执政能力建设的决定》明确要求：“改革和完善决策机制，推进决策的科学化、民主化。”高校要提高办学治校的能力和水平，确保高校的健康发展，必须大力推进高校党委决策的科学化和民主化进程。     

推进决策科学化民主化提高政府决策水平

2007年6月25日,胡锦涛总书记在中央党校省部级干部进修班发表的重要讲话中指出:"推进决策科学化、民主化,完善决策信息和智力支持系统".     

Multi-criteria Decision-Making for Greenways: The Case of Trabzon,Turkey

Greenways are multi-objective planning tools for sustainable development that take several criteria into account. In order to resolve the conflicts among objectives, greenway planning requires advanced strategies for decision-making processes and techniques. To aid in this, multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) systems have significant capacity to analytically prioritize and select alternatives. This research develops a strategy for defining, prioritizing and selecting greenway alternatives with the support of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) based on an empirical study in the urban region of Trabzon (Turkey). The study finds that AHP has promising capacity to analytically prioritize alternatives and rationally select the best alternative.     

基于灰色理论的项目多目标决策模型及在造船工程中的应用

针对项目实施中多目标决策的复杂问题,以方案的灰色关联度作为评价准则,建立了灰色关联决策模型,并针对模型中如何确定相对理想方案的问题提出了解决方法。最后文章对该方法在造船工程中的应用进行了研究。     

Computer Models Used to Support Cleanup Decision-Making at Hazardous and Radioactive Waste Sites

Massive efforts are underway to clean up hazardous and radioactive waste sites located throughout the United States. To help determine cleanup priorities, computer models are being used to characterize the source, transport, fate, and effects of hazardous chemicals and radioactive materials found at these sites. Although the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), and the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)have provided preliminary guidance to promote the use of computer models for remediation purposes, no agency has produced directed guidance on models that must be used in these efforts. As a result, model selection is currently done on an ad hoc basis. This is administratively ineffective and costly, and can also result in technically inconsistent decision-making. To identify what models are actually being used to support decision-making at hazardous and radioactive waste sites, a project jointly funded by EPA, DOE, and NRC was initiated. The purpose of this project was to: (1)identify models being used for hazardous and radioactive waste site assessment purposes; and (2)describe and classify these models. This report presents the results of this study. A mail survey was conducted to identify models in use. The survey was sent to 550 persons engaged in the cleanup of hazardous and radioactive waste sites; 87 individuals responded. They represented organizations including federal agencies, national laboratories, and contractor organizations. The respondents identified 127 computer models that were being used to help support cleanup decision-making. There were a few models that appeared to be used across a large number of sites (e.g., RESRAD). In contrast, the survey results also suggested that most sites were using models which were not reported in use elsewhere. Information is presented on the types of models being used and the characteristics of the models in use. Also shown is a list of models available, but not identified in the survey itself.     

基于递阶生产系统投入产出模型的企业生产经营决策优化应用的研究

本文基于递阶生产系统投入产出模型,以某锦纶厂为应用背景,在建立销售结构优化模型的基础上,对企业销售结构优化、企业内部潜力挖掘和产品定价等几个方面的经营决策优化问题进行了探讨,并进行了成功的实践。     

企业家认知资源与管理创新决策:理论与案例实验

本文旨在探讨企业家认知资源的异质性及其对管理创新决策的影响。运用案例实验法进行了实证检验,研究结果表明:企业家的经验和社会资本是企业家的异质性认知资源,引致了企业家和非企业家管理决策方案在创新性和适用性上的异质性;在没有社会资本的支持下,企业家经验与管理决策方案创新性之间呈倒U型关系,对方案的适用性有正向影响;而在社会资本可得的情况下,企业家经验与社会资本均对方案的创新性和适用性有显著的增强效应。     

Linear and Nonlinear Valence Functions: A Behavioral Decision-Making Assessment

In Vroom's [45] original formulation of expectancy theory, the relationship between affect and perceived instrumentality was assumed to be linear. Others have suggested that such a relationship may be better modeled by a nonlinear, utility-type function [30]. The current research contrasts the predictive ability of two linear and four nonlinear functions. Using four levels of McClelland's [26] needs for achievement, affiliation, and power as instrumentalities, 101 subjects provided more than 12,900 decisions on the valences of jobs in a behavioral decision-making experiment. Nearly 40 percent of the subjects exhibited nonlinear valence functions. The results emphasize the need to specify the appropriate functional form of the valence component to enhance predictive accuracy and to prevent misspecification problems.     

Electric-Utility Resource Planning and Decision-Making: The Importance of Uncertainty

Uncertainty is a critical factor that pervades all aspects of electric-utility planning. Uncertainties about future load growth, about the continued performance of existing supply and demand resources, and about the costs, construction times, and operations of new resources greatly complicate utility resource acquisition. This paper discusses the factors that lead to uncertainty, reviews the methods that utilities use in planning and in acquiring resources, and suggests future research to help deal with these uncertainties. This review is based on assessments of the long-term resource plans prepared by 10 utilities and one Public Service Commission, telephone interviews with staff at these 11 organizations and with staff at three consulting firms, and reviews of many other related publications.     

奖惩机制下电子类产品制造商回收再制造决策模型

研究了电子类产品制造商回收再制造决策问题。为引导制造商回收再制造,设计了一个奖惩机制。建立了制造商回收再制造的三个决策模型并分别比较了三种情形下制造商的决策结果。研究表明:只有回收再制造具有成本优势时制造商才自愿回收废旧产品;当回收再制造废旧产品具有成本优势时,该奖惩机制导致回收率提高、新产品销售价格降低、新产品需求量增加;当回收再制造废旧产品不具有成本优势时,该奖惩机制导致回收率提高、新产品销售价格提高、新产品需求量减少;针对有无回收再制造成本优势情形,分别给出了奖惩机制下制造商利润大于无奖惩机制情形下制造商利润的奖惩力度和最低回收率的临界值;本文结论能够为政府引导制造商回收再制造提供理论指导。     

Institutional Adjustments and Strategic Planning Action: The Case of Victorian Wildfire Planning

This paper provides a critical analysis of the way that practice-based strategic planning in terms of disaster risk reduction occurs, highlighting the drivers and facilitators of change. It documents these in the context of other governmental systems. Examination the changes to wildfire planning policy in Victoria, Australia, following the 2009 Bushfire Season, provides an explanation of the realpolitik of policy formation, management and change, as well as inter-governmental interactions. The findings document and discuss the conditions and reasons for strategic change occurring in the case study.