The Retirement Syndrome:: The Psychology of Letting Go

This article analyzes a problem that can be described as the retirement syndrome. In exploring the difficulties many leaders face in letting go at the end of a full career, it reviews a number of the barriers to exit: financial, social, and psychological. It looks at the physical and psychological effects of aging, in the context of retirement; examines the experience of nothingness that single-minded careerists often feel after retirement; describes the talion principle, a subliminal fear of reprisals; and discusses the ‘edifice complex,’ the wish to leave behind a legacy. The article concludes with suggestions as to how individuals and organizations can develop more effective and humane disengagement strategies.     

爱马士:骑马上班!

砸了奔驰的陈光标,应该改成骑马陈光标砸完自己的奔驰车后,宣布从此乘坐公车上班。这一绿色行动,并没有赢得满堂喝彩,在宁波慈溪一家塑料公司的老板费杰看来,如果有机会认识陈光标,建议后者骑马上班,这样既可以继续维系其绿色环保卫士的形象,又可以节约上班的路途时间。     

干部选任亟须走出暗箱

党政领导干部选拔任用中的不正之风,乃至用人上的腐败,已成为当今中国的一大痼疾.如何有效地遏制用人不正之风和腐败蔓延的势头,既是我党不得不认真思考的重大问题,也是每一个有良知的炎黄子孙备感焦虑的现实问题.从一定意义上讲,腐败的源头还在于选人用人失误.邓小平指出:"中国的事情能不能办好,社会主义和改革开放能不能坚持,经济能不能快一点发展起来,国家能不能长治久安,从一定意义上说,关键在人."(《邓小平文选》第3卷,第380页)而解决这个问题的关键在于增加干部选拔任用各个环节的透明度,使干部选任真正从暗箱操作中走出来.     

新形势下党委办公室如何应势而为

当前,在世界金融危机的影响下,各级党委的首要任务是保持经济平稳较快增长.党委办公室要适应新形势、新任务,为党委变压力为动力、化挑战为机遇发挥作用、作出贡献,必须在以下几个方面着力.     

Analyzing Precautionary Regulation: Do Precaution,Science, and Innovation Go Together?

In this article we argue that the precautionary principle, as applied to the regulation of science and technology, cannot be considered in any general manner inconsistent with the norms and methods of scientific knowledge generation and justification. Moreover, it does not necessarily curtail scientific‐technological innovation. Our argument flows from a differentiated view of what precaution in regulation means. We first characterize several of the most relevant interpretations given to the precautionary principle in academic debate and regulatory practice. We then use examples of actual precaution‐based regulation to show that, even though science can have varying functions in different circumstances and frames, all of those interpretations recur to scientific method and knowledge, and tend to imply innovation in methods, products, and processes. In fact, the interplay of regulation and innovation in precautionary policy, at least in the case of the interpretations of precaution that our analysis takes into account, could be understood as a way of reconciling the two fundamental science and technology policy functions of promotion and control.     

Where Do We Go from Here?: Globalizing Subsidiaries Moving Up the Value Chain

This paper studies the international expansion of local subsidiaries of multinational enterprises (MNEs). The main questions asked are why and how MNEs' local subsidiaries in developing economies undertake international expansion. Drawing from the global value chain (GVC) perspective, I argue that local subsidiaries that were initially established to undertake production activities for export-oriented industries do not want to remain at the lowest-value-added position forever. They therefore undertake initiatives to get out of that position. The literature on initiative-taking subsidiary has predominantly focused on them becoming centers of excellence via R&D and innovation in the host country. I propose a different route of local subsidiary upgrading via foreign direct investment in more advanced countries. This strategy helps not only to gain internal prominence within the MNE network, but also to improve its external position within the GVC vis-à-vis the lead firms. The paper uses an in-depth case study of a Thai subsidiary of a Taiwanese electronic MNE to explore the transformation of the subsidiary from simply manufacturing for exports to becoming a strategic international expansion arm for the parent MNE.     

领导干部要经受住进退留转的考验

从2001年下半年到2002年上半年,全国31个省、自治区、直辖市党委陆续换届,一些地方市、县领导班子也要换届.     

管理科学中国学派如何走向世界？——问题、策略及系统方法论层面的分析

针对管理科学中国学派走向世界的需要,界定了管理科学中国学派的内涵和特色,分析了管理科学中国学派在走向世界过程中存在的问题,提出"通过寻找东西方管理的共同点,让管理科学中国学派走向世界"的策略;以西方的CmCvAwA s系统理论和东方的物理-事理-人理系统理论为例,分析了东西方在系统方法论层面上的相互联系,期望为管理科学中国学派走向世界提供借鉴。     

构建干部考核评价体系应走出误区

领导干部担负着领导当地社会主义各项建设的重要职责,其素质的高度关系着国家经济发展、社会进步和政权稳固。研究制定科学的领导干部考核评价体系,发挥考核评价的导向和激励作用,对于提高领导干部的素质,提升党的执政能力,体现科学发展观和正确政绩观要求,积极推进全面小康社会和和谐社会建设,有着重大的理论和现实意义。考核评价体系的两个误区领导干部考核评价体系应紧紧围绕“于法周严、于事简便、评准核实”的目标,力求理论分析严谨周密、实际操作简便可行、评价结果真实可靠。当前,考核评价体系设计容易出现以下两个误区。指标体系设…     

Should I Stay or Should I Go? Explaining Turnover Intentions with Organizational Identification and Job Satisfaction*

The social identity approach is a powerful theoretical framework for the understanding of individuals' behaviour. The main argument is that individuals think and act on behalf of the group they belong to because this group membership adds to their social identity, which partly determines one's self‐esteem. In the organizational world, social identity and self‐categorization theories state that a strong organizational identification is associated with low turnover intentions. Because identification is the more general perception of shared fate between employee and organization, we propose that the relationship between identification and turnover will be mediated by job satisfaction as the more specific evaluation of one's task and working conditions. In four samples we found organizational identification feeding into job satisfaction, which in turn predicts turnover intentions.     

Conclusion: Can We Go Home? Roads Taken, Targets Met, and Lessons Learned on Governance and Organizational Eclecticism in the Public Arena

Organizational eclecticism has characterized much of policy and administrative choices in public governance in the last three decades. This concluding article addresses this phenomenon and argues that roads have been taken, targets have been met, and many lessons have been learned in organizing and managing public sector governance, as the articles in this Symposium demonstrate. In the process, experiments have been conducted, some with success, while others with failure, leading to a proliferation of eclectic choices, many unsuited for organizational effectiveness but beneficial to powerful interest groups and politicians, all at the expense of alternative organizational choices and broad-based public interests. Three broad theoretical models/periods are examined, the proliferation of public sector organizational eclecticism is analyzed, and options are suggested concerning alternative organizational choices, resulting in the question: can we go home now?     

思维法则学框架下东西方管理理论的比较——探索管理科学中国学派走向世界的道路

思维法则学下的CmCvAwAs系统理论,汲取了哲学和心理学的成果,包含了东方哲学思想,可为东西方管理理论的比较提供一个结构化框架.在CmCvAwAs系统理论框架下,对需要层次理论、系统开发的生命周期理论、质量管理理论、群体发展阶段理论、物理-事理-人理系统理论、东方管理学、和谐管理理论、和合管理理论进行了比较,分析了CmCvAwAs系统理论对于管理研究和管理实践的理论含义,并基于此给出了管理科学中国学派走向世界的一些具体的机遇和挑战.     

Maximum <Emphasis Type="Italic">k</Emphasis>-regular induced subgraphs

Independent sets, induced matchings and cliques are examples of regular induced subgraphs in a graph. In this paper, we prove that finding a maximum cardinality k-regular induced subgraph is an NP-hard problem for any fixed value of k. We propose a convex quadratic upper bound on the size of a k-regular induced subgraph and characterize those graphs for which this bound is attained. Finally, we extend the Hoffman bound on the size of a maximum 0-regular subgraph (the independence number) from k=0 to larger values of k.