大学生社会支持和心理健康的相关研究

为了调查大学生社会支持水平与心理健康的相关关系,采用症状自评量表与社会支持评定量表对湖南多所高等院校的261名大学生施测。结果发现大学生有较好的心理健康状况和较高的社会支持水平,大学生的症状自评量表和社会支持评定量表得分与各项因子之间存在不同程度的负相关,差异显著。说明个体的社会支持水平越高其心理健康状况也就越好。     

上海社区青少年生存与发展状况分析

近年来,上海社区青少年的数量不断增加。其生存状况有恶化的可能。除去社区青少年自身的素质和能力较低以外,造成这种状况的另一重要原因是社区青少年无法从其社会支持网络中获得足够的支持。社区青少年生存现状给他们的人际交往、家庭关系、心理健康带来了很多负面影响,使社区青少年犯罪的可能性增大。     

广州青少年心理健康状况调查

本文通过问卷调查的数据,描述分析了广州青少年的心理健康状况及影响其心理健康的因素。研究发现,广州青少年的心理健康状况与1995年相比,均有不同程度的恶化,而他们获得的社会支持并没有相应的增加,因此,建议家庭、学校在给予青少年更多的心理支持的同时,多设立一些社会的心理辅导机构,使青少年健康成长。     

大学生身体自我满意度与社会支持概述

身体自我(physical self)是指个人对自己身体的认知评价,诸如对身体外表的知觉、身体想象、身体完美感知觉等等。大学生对自己身体状况满意程度与社会支持水平和大学生的心理健康成长有比较大的相关,本文希望通过对大学生身体自我满意度与社会支持的探讨,了解大学生心理健康成长的相关因素,以进一步应用于教学实践。     

听力障碍大学生社会责任感的调查研究

为探究听力障碍大学生社会责任感的现状及特点,应用大学生社会责任心理量表对268名大学生进行问卷调查。结果表明:听障大学生的社会责任感水平中等偏上,但显著低于普通大学生;女听力障碍大学生的责任态度、责任动机及责任策略水平均高于男生;在普校就读过的听障大学生与未就读过的听障大学生之间的社会责任感无显著性差异;不同口语水平的听障大学生,其社会责任感不存在显著差异。     

社会支持与迁移青少年心理健康发展的活性成分

社会支持对于青少年心理健康发展具有非常重要的作用。本文在结合前人研究和我国转型期产生的迁移青少年群体社会现实基础上，从生态化系统理论框架下的社会支持及迁移青少年心理健康发展、迁移青少年社会支持的来源及对心理健康发展的意义、社会支持的分类及对迁移青少年心理健康发展的途径三个维度分析了社会支持与迁移青少年心理健康发展的活性成份。     

居住社区对青少年健康的影响

社区是青少年生活的重要载体,家庭在社区内相对经济地位、居住房屋的质量和社区的环境等都会影响青少年健康。研究使用中国教育追踪调查(CEPS)两期数据分析社区因素对于青少年健康的效用,结果如下:青少年居住社区内的相对剥夺与其自评健康、精神健康和客观健康都显著相关,家庭在社区内相对经济地位越高青少年健康则越好。青少年居住质量越好,他们自评健康状况越好。青少年居住社区的环境越优(安全、卫生、无污染),他们的自评与精神健康越好。家庭社会经济地位与这三者相关,但不能完全解释这三者对健康的效用。因此即使家庭经济状况不好,仍可以从卫生条件、社区安全等方面入手,提升青少年的健康状况。青少年的健康成长需要家庭、社区和社会共同提供支持。     

大学生孤独感与自我概念、社会支持关系

探讨大学生的孤独感与自我概念、社会支持之间的关系,采用孤独感量表(UCLA)、田纳西自我概念量表(TNXZWGN)和领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)对吉林省某高校大学生作为研究对象进行问卷调查。结果表明:(1)大学生的孤独感与自我概念和社会支持在性别和生源地方面不存在显著的差异关系;(2)大学生的孤独感与自我概念、社会支持呈显著的负相关;大学生的社会支持和自我概念呈显著的正相关。     

研究生社会支持与人格障碍倾向的相关研究

了解研究生群体人格障碍的发生率及社会支持水平,探讨研究生群体人格障碍与社会支持之间的关系。方法:采用社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、人格障碍诊断问卷(PDQ-4)对华北理工大学2014级研究生625人进行调查;采用SPSS17.0统计软件对调查结果进行数据处理。结果:1人格障碍各亚型得分与社会支持各维度的相关分析表明,PDQ-4各分量表得分与社会支持中的主观支持、客观支持、对支持的利用度四个维度均成呈显著相关;2研究生人格障碍各分量表中性别比较的结果存在显著差异,男性人格障碍倾向高于女性(t=2.209—5.252,,p<0.05);3研究生社会支持现状结果表明,研究生社会支持各维度均分、支持总分显著低于国内常模,差异有统计学意义;4研究生不同性别在对社会支持的利用度方面存在显著差异,女性好于男性(t=-4.036,p<0.05)。结论:研究生人格障碍的发生率在1.70%—31.10%之间,其中,强迫、回避型、表演、偏执、自恋、边缘五种分型发生率较高;男性研究生群体的人格障碍倾向明显高于女性;研究生社会支持状况低于全国普通人水平,在性别比较中表明女性对社会支持的利用度明显优于男性;人格障碍倾向越严重,被试的社会支持水平越低。     

大学生偶像崇拜与孤独感的关系——社会适应的中介作用

随着社会经济的稳定发展,人们生活水平也在不断提高,越来越多的青少年有了自己崇拜的偶像。本研究以大学生为研究对象,主要探究大学生的偶像崇拜现状、偶像崇拜与孤独感和社会适应的关系。采用问卷调查法,收集了来自甘肃、湖南、四川等地的大学生关于偶像崇拜的资料,对收集的数据运用SPSS 23.0进行统计分析。形成如下结论,首先,相较于男大学生,女大学生偶像的非理性崇拜水平更高。且不同性别大学生在偶像的类别上具有显著差异。其次,相较于非独生子女而言,独生子女对于偶像的非理性崇拜水平更高,孤独感水平也更高。其次,相较于非理性崇拜的大学生而言,理性崇拜的大学生的社会适应水平更高。再次,非理性偶像崇拜水平与社会适应具有显著的负相关关系;社会适应与孤独感具有显著的负相关关系。最后,社会适应在偶像崇拜和孤独感之间起到完全中介作用。     

How social exclusion distorts social network perceptions

In two studies we investigate whether social exclusion—a well-studied, common and quite painful social experience-influences people's perceptions of novel social networks. In a first study, exclusion experiences led people to report that novel networks were more dense relative to those who had not been excluded. As predicted, this was true only for social networks; exclusion had no impact on perceptions when networks were described as geographical. In a follow-up experiment, participants watched a custom-created video, depicting avatars interacting in social scenes and they were asked to report the ties among the avatars in the video. Exclusion experiences led people to see network ties where none exist (i.e., false positives), though there was no effect for exclusion (versus inclusion) on reports of false negatives. Results indicate that common social experiences systematically shape network perceptions, leading people to seeing novel social networks as more densely connected than they are.     

From social change organizations to social movements

From the Ground Up: Grassroots Organizations Making Social Change, by Carol Chetkovich and Frances Kunreuther. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2006. 216 pp., $49.95 cloth.     

Active social policies revisited by social workers

Social policies are described as active on the basis of formal legal provisions, or on the grounds of expenditure data. Using the notion, set forth by Lipsky, M. [(1980). Street-level bureaucracy: Dilemnas of the individual in public services (2010 ed.). New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation] as well as by several subsequent authors, that social workers who implement policies actually play a role in (re)defining them, the present article intends to explore the way in which active social policies are implemented in a Swiss canton. On the basis of an original study, we show that, on the one hand, social workers tend to view activation as a distant perspective – which means they often do no put it into practice right away. And activation, when social workers do deem it to be necessary, takes on different meanings depending on whether they are dealing with young people or with mothers. As a result, the actual meaning of the word activation varies – a fact that scholars who focused solely on formal/legal activation policies were not in a position to observe.     

Globalization,social work,and social welfare

This paper presents a critical review of globalization as explicated in the social work literature. It argues that writers about globalization and social work have so far accepted an unprolematized and undifferentiated construction of the theory of globalization which does not engage with the significant differences that exist between different accounts of globalization. In doing so they implicitly reproduce neo-liberal assumptions about the role of the state and its relationship to global forces. This results in a reductionist and pessimistic analysis of the fragmentation and deprofessionalization of welfare and social work which is often at variance with empirical evidence. Specifically, the acceptance of a narrow and economically over-deterministic reading of globalization unwittingly depoliticizes debates about social work and undermines resistance to the challenges to welfare.     

Analysis of social innovation on social networking services

ABSTRACT

Social network services are allowing more social connectivity and making possible sharing information and knowledge of a different nature. This article analyses if social workers related to active social policies from Malaga province (Spain) are using social network services to share information and knowledge and if there is a mirror between online and offline relationships. Since it is an experimental model, through virtual ethnography and through social network analysis methodology, we observed the presence, connectivity and analysed the structure of relationships that keep 235 professionals from 52 organizations in Facebook®. Moreover, the model uses the statistical technique of modularity for detecting online communities, which are compared with distribution of professionals in their organizations. Results show how social network services applied to social intervention are massively and frequently used by professionals. On the other hand, the detected communities reflect existence of analogy between online and offline relationships. The online structure shows a high degree of cohesion and how certain professionals have higher capacity of influence and diffusion depending on position in the online structure. It argues about the opportunity to incorporate social network services towards social intervention as a manner of social innovation to improve cooperation and diffusion of information and knowledge.     

How social ties contribute to collective actions on social media: A social capital approach

In public relations research into civic engagement, the influence of social ties on the individual level has not been adequately studied from a social capital perspective. To fill this gap, this study conducts a one-factor between subjects experiment to examine the difference, if any, between the social influence of strong ties and of weak ties on individuals’ participation intentions in regard to collective actions. This study postulates collective efficacy as a factor possibly associated with the intention to participate in collective actions. The study findings suggest that advocacy about certain social causes, such as veterans affairs, have globally positive effects on publics’ civic engagement intentions, regardless of the norms of the social network with which the individuals are connected. Furthermore, collective efficacy was found to be positively associated with participation in collective actions. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.     

The contribution of social anthropology to social work practice

This article is a brief reply to the article “Charity Begins at Home—Participation and the A.A.P.”, Australian Social Work, Vol. 28, No. 1. That article examined the development of the Australian Assistance Plan in the Blacktown-Penrith areas. Three aspects are investigated in this reply:     

Neoliberalisation,the social investment state and social work

ABSTRACT

This article focuses on the challenges to social work evolving from two major discourses contributing to the common sense contextualising social work within the new spirit of capitalism and the governing of the soul. Beside neo-liberal ideas and values challenging social work values and the welfare state, the question is also about managerialism. To what extent is the social worker able to contribute to liberating, reflexive critique, or exert pastoral power? I have chosen to see how the idea of the social investment state may be linked to Rose’s and Foucault’s ideas about expanding governmentality and end my discussion by relating to some of the early writing on social work’s challenges in confronting ideas and practices interpreted as neoliberalisation moves.