进步时代的美国新闻传播业

“进步时代”(progressive era)是美国国家建设历史上至关重要的时期.这一时期新闻记者和作家以及杂志媒体共同参与展开了一场轰轰烈烈黑幕揭发运动,使得传媒新闻的力量渗透到政治中,影响、维护了新闻的公信力.     

再论城市化与城市化时代--兼议饶会林先生的城市化和城市化时代思想

准确、全面地把握城市化内涵是推进我国新型城市化的理论起点。长期以来,由于对城市化内涵的片面理解,导致我国城市化过程中出现诸多问题。笔者分析了城市化的内涵、城市化时代的特征,对饶会林先生的城市化和城市化时代思想进行阐释,并对促进城市化健康发展提出对策建议。     

美国进步时代与中国

美国最初政府是小政府,但市场也是小市场,两者力量是平衡的。一百多年后,市场力量已经非常强大了,而政府还是小政府,这时候能不出事吗？     

汽车空气污染及防治对策

对汽车排放的危害进行了分析，介绍了目前世界汽车采用的新技术、新工艺以及汽车排放控制新技术和采取的一些对策。     

美国镀金时代和进步主义时期工人阶级的阶层固化现象初窥

美国的镀金时代和进步主义时期被认为是引领美国进入现代社会的重要阶段,美国也确实在这一时期实现了工业化,具备了多民族移民国家——民族熔炉——的雏形。然而在这一时期鲜明而广泛的人口流动、阶级冲突、社会融合之外,社会阶层的固化现象亦十分鲜明,且对美国的现代化道路产生了深远的影响。本文以该时期美国工人阶级内部的阶层固化现象为镜,以政治、经济和种族为切入点,映射出社会垂直流动性不足的特征,从较为新颖的视角重新审视了现代社会和现代性本身。     

现代大伦敦的空气污染成因与治理——基于生态城市视野的历史考察

19世纪以来英国的工业化和城市化进程,既创造了巨大的物质财富,也给人类社会带来沉重的负面效应,其中空气污染就是代价之一,成为生态城市建设的重大障碍。伦敦首先对以烟雾型的空气污染成因进行分析与治理,接着对汽车尾气中的二氧化硫和铅污染进行治理。新世纪以来,则着重开展对二氧化氮和可吸入悬浮颗粒的监测与治理。从空气立法到大伦敦市长的空气质量策略,从拥堵费到低排放区,从以自行车为代表的绿色出行到对工地街道扬尘的治理,表明了伦敦市政府对空气污染的治理越来越深入全面,治理空气污染的手段也在推陈出新。     

上海城市公共交通系统的技术进步——50年回顾

<正> 1949年上海解放时接管的上海城市公共交通是一个经营混乱的烂摊子。在党的领导下,从接收、改造和发展,50年来上海的公共交通技术不断进步。回顾进展的步伐如下: 解放后,首先着手整顿旧有车辆,恢复汽车、电车的安全运营。接着又碰到了轰炸、禁运,就采用木炭车和研制白煤车,并制出     

试论城市引力场域

一、城市引力场域概念的提出 城市引力场作为城市化发展的空间载体,不但从质的规定性上是可认识的,而且在量的规定性上也是可把握和可度量的,即就某个具体的城市引力场域而言它是有大小、规模和引力范围的.用一个什么样的概念来定义城市引力场在量的规定性上是可把握和可量度的,以及如何对它进行定量分析研究,便成为城市化发展理论必须要解决的一个重要问题.我们发现,如果谈城市规划意义上的城市吸引范围、或影响区域、或辐射腹地、或城市圈域等等,可资借鉴、引用的资料十分丰富.     

空气污染威胁人类健康

中国预防医学科学院调查证明:室内污染要比室外污染更严重!1.环境恶劣的生产车间我国生产工艺仍较落后,劳动条件和工人自我保护能力相对较差,从而使我国的职业危害呈上升趋势。1990年调查统计,全国属于有害作业的企业约有69万个,接触有害作业的工人有1900多万人!其中接触粉尘作业工人近1000万人,在乡镇企业生产车间里,粉尘、毒物、噪音的总合格率仅36.89%,其中90%以上的乡镇企业粉尘作业点不符合国家卫生标准。     

我国区域城市化与环境污染关系的空间计量研究

结合我国29个省区2000-2010年的面板数据,运用空间计量方法实证研究了区域城市化与环境污染的关系。实证结果表明:(1)工业污染、生活污染与区域城市化的关系依旧呈现倒N型;(2)其他影响因素对环境污染的影响程度和方向各不相同;(3)目前中国的大部分省区均处于随城市化率增加环境污染加剧的阶段。     

Couple Longevity in the Era of Same‐Sex Marriage in the United States

The author used a new longitudinal data set, the How Couples Meet and Stay Together surveys (N = 3,009), to generate the first nationally representative comparison of same‐sex couple stability and heterosexual couple stability in the United States. He measured the association between marriage (by several definitions of marriage) and couple longevity for same‐sex couples in the United States. Reports of same‐sex relationship instability in the past were due in part to the low rate of marriages among same‐sex couples. After controlling for marriage and marriage‐like commitments, the break‐up rate for same‐sex couples was comparable to (and not statistically distinguishable from) the break‐up rate for heterosexual couples. The results revealed that same‐sex couples who had a marriage‐like commitment had stable unions regardless of government recognition. A variety of predictors of relationship dissolution for heterosexual and for same‐sex couples are explored.     

Inequality as an Explanation for Obesity in the United States

Over the past several decades, there has been a sharp increase in obesity across all population groups in the United States. In fact, the United States has one of the highest rates of obesity compared to other countries throughout the world. Obesity has become a national public health concern because it is related to a number of negative health, social, psychological, and economic outcomes. It is particularly concerning because racial/ethnic minorities and populations with the least education and highest poverty rates bear the largest burden of obesity. In addition, disparities in obesity tend to be gendered, with women experiencing the largest disparities in obesity by income, education, and race/ethnicity. In this review, I describe how social inequality is linked to obesity in the United States. I highlight elements of disadvantage at the individual‐, family‐, school‐, and neighborhood‐level that are linked to energy intake and expenditure, which are directly related to obesity, and draw from evidence and theories from multiple fields of the social and medical sciences. I also highlight the important role stress may play in linking disadvantage to obesity, particularly for women. I argue that understanding the complex mechanisms and processes that link social inequality to obesity requires multidisciplinary and multilevel frameworks.     

Immigrant Retail Entrepreneurship and Urban Black Population Size in the Late Nineteenth-Century United States

Building on the idea that immigrant merchants often operate in black consumer markets, this study tests the hypothesis that late nineteenth-century European immigrants’ highest odds of retail enterprise in the United States were in cities with the largest black populations. Regression analyses of census data show that the positive association between the odds of retail enterprise and percent black was strongest for men from European immigrant groups and especially strong for men of Polish and Russian ancestry, many of whom were Jewish immigrants. The analyses reveal that the association between the odds of retail enterprise and percent black was not significant for native white or black men. The findings accord with the proposition, derived from theories of middleman minorities and ethnic queuing, that immigrant retail entrepreneurship is most strongly associated with black population size for recently arrived immigrant groups that are often socially or spatially close to urban black communities.     

Early Marriage in the United States

Despite drastic changes in the American family, a significant minority of Americans marry early. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N= 14,165), this study evaluates the prevalence and antecedents of early marriage in the United States. The results indicate 25% of women and 16% of men marry before age 23, and early marriage varies widely across a number of characteristics. Individuals who marry earlier are more likely to be from disadvantaged families, from conservative Protestant or Mormon families, to value their religious faith more highly, to have a high‐school diploma but a lower educational trajectory, and to cohabit before marriage. Scholars and policymakers interested in marriage should pay adequate attention to understanding and supporting these individuals’ marriages.     

Aging in the United States Today

Summary

As the demographics of aging change in the United States, the number of persons over the age of 65 will continue to grow. By 2030, one in every five persons will be over the age of 65. Several factors are important when considering the reality of these demographic changes. First, successful aging, given new medical technologies, is more probable today than it was for our parents and grandparents. Second, the range of diverse populations within the aging communities has become recognized. Third, generational differences impact who cares for the elderly. Fourth, baby boomers, who will soon turn 65, will likely have a huge impact on society. And lastly, spiritual matters are important as we approach and enter old age.