共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Hilde Coffé Benny Geys 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2007,18(4):385-406
Current scientific research and recent policy initiatives reveal an intense interest in the effect of social capital on a
broad range of socioeconomic outcomes both at the individual level (e.g., civic attitudes) and the societal level (e.g., democratic
or economic performance). Despite persistent argumentation in this debate that voluntary associations are of crucial importance
in this process, empirical research usually reveals but a weak relation between membership and democratic (or civic) attitudes.
In this paper, we follow recent arguments that various types of associations may play different roles. Specifically, we empirically
distinguish between bridging and bonding associations based on the socioeconomic diversity within an association. Using a dataset on association membership in Flanders,
we find empirical support for the view that individuals’ values and attitudes indeed differ across members in (predominantly)
bridging or bonding associations.
相似文献
Hilde CofféEmail: |
2.
Top-Down Civic Projects Are Not Grassroots Associations: How The Differences Matter in Everyday Life
Nina Eliasoph 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2009,20(3):291-308
Research on civic associations blurs an important distinction between the unfunded, informal, ongoing associations that theorists
like de Tocqueville described versus current participatory democracy projects that are funded by the state and large nongovernmental
organizations, are open to all, and are usually short-term. Based on a long-term ethnography of youth programs in the United
States, this paper shows that entities like these, which participants and researchers alike often called “volunteer” or “civic”
groups, operate very differently from traditional civic groups. The ethnography systematically details prevalent tensions
that actors face when they try to cultivate the civic spirit in these increasingly typical organizations.
相似文献
Nina EliasophEmail: |
3.
Margaret S. Sherraden Benjamin Lough Amanda Moore McBride 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2008,19(4):395-421
Despite unprecedented recent expansion of international volunteering and service (IVS), there has been relatively little research
on impacts. This paper proposes a conceptual model for impact research based on existing research evidence published in English.
The model suggests that outcomes for host communities, volunteers, and sending communities vary depending on individual and
institutional attributes and capacity. How institutions structure and leverage individual capacity influences who participates
and how they serve, and shapes the impact of volunteer action. The conceptual model provides directions for future research.
相似文献
Margaret S. SherradenEmail: |
4.
Do Work Demands and Resources Predict Work-to-Family Conflict and Facilitation? A Study of Iranian Male Employees 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
This study examined the effects of some work demands-resources on two dimensions of work-to-family interface among Iranian
employees. The results of canonical correlation and multiple-regression showed that among work resources (i.e., social support
and autonomy), social support was associated negatively with work-to-family conflict and autonomy was associated positively
with work-to-family facilitation. Also, among work demands (i.e., job demands and working hours), job demands were associated
with both work-to-family conflict and work-to-family facilitation. Unlike previous studies, working hours shows a positive
association with work-to-family facilitation, which may be explained by the specific cultural context in Iran. The findings
of the study will be of importance to employees and organizations.
相似文献
Aboulghasem NouriEmail: |
5.
We analyze the effect that state licensing of radiologic technologists (RTs) has had upon RT wages with a unique dataset that
allows us to control for place of work and job specialization. Using OLS and several measures of licensing, we find evidence
that RTs working in states with licensing statutes earn as much as 3.3% more than RTs working in states without licensing.
When we control for endogeneity using instrumental variables (IV) estimation, our estimate of the licensing premium doubles
(6.9%). Our results provide further support for existing theories of the effects of occupational licensing on the wages of
practitioners.
相似文献
Robert J. Thornton (Corresponding author)Email: |
6.
Matthew Mahler 《Qualitative sociology》2006,29(3):281-300
Drawing data from works of political non-fiction that help to reveal the moral and sensual underpinnings of political practice,
this paper seeks to adumbrate a sensualist understanding of political engagement. After beginning with a brief discussion
of Weber’s seminal essay “Politics as a Vocation,” I then construct an ideal type of political passion with which to highlight
the inherent shortcomings that plague traditional explanations of political action. My argument is that these approaches are
all vitiated by their reliance on Chinese-box epistemology. I go on to suggest that in order to obtain a genuinely sociological
account of political engagement, one must develop methods that are true to the experiential specifics of politics while recognizing
the conditions that shape the possibility of those very experiences.
相似文献
Matthew MahlerEmail: |
7.
Social Capital,Volunteering, and Charitable Giving 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Lili Wang Elizabeth Graddy 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2008,19(1):23-42
This paper explores the impact of social capital—measured by social trust and social networks—on individual charitable giving
to religious and secular organizations. Using United States data from the national sample of the 2000 Social Capital Community
Benchmark Survey, we find that social trust, bridging social network, and civic engagement increase the amount of giving to
both religious and secular causes. In contrast, organizational activism only affects secular giving. Volunteering activity,
and human and financial capital indicators positively affect both religious and secular giving. Finally, those who are happy
about their lives and those who are religious give more to religious causes, but these factors do not affect secular giving.
We find evidence of important differences in the determinants of religious and secular giving, suggesting the need to distinguish
these two types of charitable giving in future work.
相似文献
Elizabeth GraddyEmail: |
8.
Suzanne Heller Clain 《Journal of Labor Research》2008,29(3):205-218
I investigate how living wage legislation affects poverty. I find evidence that living wage ordinances modestly reduce poverty
rates where such ordinances are enacted. However, there is no evidence that state minimum wage laws do so. The difference
in the impacts of the two types of legislation conceivably stems from a difference in the party responsible for bearing the
burden of the cost.
相似文献
Suzanne Heller ClainEmail: |
9.
Donatella della Porta 《Qualitative sociology》2008,31(3):221-230
Attention to extreme forms of political violence in the social sciences has been episodic, and studies of different forms
of political violence have followed different approaches, with “breakdown” theories mostly used for the analysis of right-wing
radicalism, social movement theories sometimes adapted to research on left-wing radical groups, and area study specialists
focusing on ethnic and religious forms. Some of the studies on extreme forms of political violence that have emerged within
the social movement tradition have nevertheless been able to trace processes of conflict escalation through the detailed examination
of historical cases. This article assesses some of the knowledge acquired in previous research approaching issues of political
violence from the social movement perspective, as well as the challenges coming from new waves of debate on terrorist and
counterterrorist action and discourses. In doing this, the article reviews contributions coming from research looking at violence
as escalation of action repertoires within protest cycles; political opportunity and the state in escalation processes; resource
mobilization and violent organizations; narratives of violence; and militant constructions of external reality.
相似文献
Donatella della PortaEmail: |
10.
Bernard Enjolras 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2009,20(3):274-290
The paper proposes to discuss the issue of civicness in the governance of social services by analyzing policy changes relative
to the regulation and governance of social services in Europe. The empirical analysis is structured around the concept of
“governance regime.” The paper shows that modernization processes within the field of social services in Europe develop along
two radically different regulative conceptions reflected into two different governance regimes: market-based or competitive
governance vs civic-based or partnership governance. The governance of social services in Europe appears to take place within
a mix between two ideal-typical governance regimes: the market-based and partnership-based governance regimes.
相似文献
Bernard EnjolrasEmail: |
11.
Decision-making by children 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Shelly Lundberg Jennifer L. Romich Kwok Ping Tsang 《Review of Economics of the Household》2009,7(1):1-30
In this paper, we examine the determinants of decision-making power by children and young adolescents. Moving beyond previous
economic models that treat children as goods consumed by adults, we develop a noncooperative model of parental control of
child behavior and child resistance. Using child reports of decision-making and psychological and cognitive measures from
the NLSY79 Child Supplement, we examine the determinants of shared and sole decision-making based on indices created from
seven domains of child activity. We find that the determinants of sole decision-making by the child and shared decision-making
with parents are quite distinct: sharing decisions appears to be a form of parental investment in child development rather
than a simple stage in the transfer of authority. In addition, we find that indicators of child capabilities and preferences
affect reports of decision-making authority in ways that suggest child demand for autonomy as well as parental discretion
in determining these outcomes.
相似文献
Kwok Ping TsangEmail: |
12.
Pauline P. Cullen 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2009,20(2):99-128
In this article social movement theory is used to assess the strategic repertoire of a relatively new sector of nongovernmental
organizations (NGOs) advocating for migrants rights in Ireland. Pro-migrant NGOs are majority community-led and face a challenging
political and societal context for mobilization including a restrictive immigration regime, political and media discourse
that racializes migrants, weak public support for the expansion of migrants’ rights, and high rates of discrimination and
social exclusion experienced by migrant communities. A competitive funding environment also inhibits pro-migrant NGOs capacity
to work with emerging migrant-led organizations that simultaneously compete for state and foundation funds. Pro-migrant NGOs
in Ireland have responded with a three levelled strategy, namely alliance building with sympathetic public officials and service
and information provision to state bodies, campaigns contesting negative media and societal framing of migrants, and networking
with transnational NGO coalitions working on immigration issues.
相似文献
Pauline P. CullenEmail: |
13.
Mirella Landriscina 《Qualitative sociology》2006,29(4):447-466
Through a case study of a leading service provider organization in Philadelphia, this paper explores the advocacy work of
a publicly funded, professionalized, institutionalized nonprofit organization. In this article I relate how in the spring
of 2002, staff at the organization responded to a recurring political issue: local business groups were again calling for
official action against “aggressive panhandlers” in the downtown district. I use ethnographic and historical data to show
that the organization’s institutionalization and ties to the public sector have allowed staff to develop resources and skills
for being both contentious claim-makers and influential actors in the institutional political arena.
相似文献
Mirella LandriscinaEmail: |
14.
We used the 2002 National Study of the Changing Workforce to investigate the effects of work type on women’s lives. Specifically,
we hypothesized that self-employed women have better work–family fit than organizationally employed women. We also hypothesized
that as a result of better work–family fit, self-employed women would report better mental health than organizationally employed
women. The analysis shows limited support for the hypotheses. Of the different dimensions of work–family fit, self-employment
directly influenced only job to home facilitation. Work type had no direct influence on mental health. It appears that work
type may indirectly influence work–family fit and mental health through higher job satisfaction and increased autonomy.
相似文献
Michael GarrEmail: |
15.
Pamela Price 《Qualitative sociology》2006,29(3):301-316
The article explores political meanings in the context of recent economic and political changes in a village in south India.
Cultural constructions of political relations emerged in conversations between the author and village informants in Andhra
Pradesh. Informants perceived decline in the power and authority of former village lords and talked about the establishment
of authority in the new setting. In processes of democratization which had taken place, showing and receiving honor and respect
continued as political and social preoccupations. However, deserving honor and respect has become less a statement about political
superiority and domination and more about individual moral qualities.
相似文献
Pamela PriceEmail: |
16.
Plurality rule is mostly criticized from being capable of choosing an alternative considered as worst by a strict majority.
This paper considers elections in which the agenda consists of potential candidates strategically choosing whether or not
to enter the election. In this context, we examine the ability of scoring rules to fulfil the Condorcet criterion. We show
for the case of three potential candidates that Plurality rule is the only scoring rule that satisfies a version of the Condorcet
criterion in two cases: 1) when preferences are single-peaked and, 2) when preferences are single-dipped.
相似文献
Bernardo MorenoEmail: |
M. Socorro Puy (Corresponding author)Email: |
17.
Jiang Ru Leonard Ortolano 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2009,20(2):141-168
Social movement theories provide a framework for explaining the post-1990 rise in China’s citizen-organized environmental
nongovernmental organizations (ENGOs), which consisted of at least 128 organizations as of 2004. We use a political process
model, which is based on favorable political opportunities, cognitive liberation, and indigenous organizational strength,
to explain the sharp growth in citizen organized ENGOs. In addition, we employ a world society perspective to help clarify
why the political environment in China became favorable for ENGO growth, and how international ENGO practices were diffused
within China. Our analysis shows that the relatively high status of ENGO founders together with their personal and professional
networks also played important roles in ENGO growth.
相似文献
Jiang RuEmail: |
18.
Alan J. Levy 《Clinical Social Work Journal》2008,36(3):281-291
This paper critically appraises the therapeutic action of play in psychodynamic child therapy and identifies obstacles to
utilizing play therapeutically with children. An examination of the functions of action and verbal means of communication
as well as their roles in shaping therapeutic relationships in treating children is provided in light of recent theoretical
advances. The significance of engaging children directly through play and for redressing the balance between action and verbalization
in child therapy is discussed.
相似文献
Alan J. LevyEmail: |
19.
Dana R. Fisher 《Sociological Forum》2006,21(3):467-494
This paper analyzes how natural resource interests have been translated into political outcomes in the form of American climate
change policy. Incorporating data about natural resource use and national decision-making, this paper concludes that comprehending
fully political decisions about global climate change in the United States requires us to recognize how land-use interests
in the growth machine are translated into political outcomes. The findings of this paper suggest that, in order to understand
social phenomena more fully, sociologists must recommit to studying the conjoint constitution of natural resources and social
processes.
相似文献
Dana R. FisherEmail: |
20.