How hot cognition can lead us astray: The effect of anger on strategic decision making

Anger is one of the most frequently experienced emotions. However, the extant research on the impact of anger has predominantly focused on its effect on decision making in simple decision tasks. Strategic decision making differs significantly from such tasks, as it is characterized by complexity, ambiguity, and a high information load. To better understand the impact of emotions on strategic decision making, we investigate the effect of anger on decision quality and decision speed. To do so, we carry out a strategy field experiment with 52 executives in which we use participants’ psychophysiological skin conductance response. In line with psychological research on non-strategic decisions, we find that anger negatively influences decision quality in strategic decision making. However, in contrast to predictions made by research on non-strategic decisions, we find no increase in decision speed among angry participants. We thus extend extant theory by suggesting that anger impacts the quality of strategic decisions but does not affect important process characteristics such as decision speed.     

一种基于属性二元关系的大群体决策方法及应用

针对现有的大群体决策方法只考虑决策属性相互独立的不足,提出了一种基于决策属性之间二元关系的大群体决策方法,该方法基于二元关系形成群体成员偏好矢量属性关系矩阵,借助该关系矩阵是0-1矩阵及其范数性质,构建了两个决策成员偏好矢量相聚性度量模型,基于该模型提出了一种大群体决策偏好集结和决策方案排序方法。最后以湖南省重大冰雪灾害应急管理能力评价为案例,对方法进行了应用。     

Strategic planning for MIS

This article report on a study of the strategic decision to develop computerized management information systems (MIS) in 32 business organizations. THe findings suggest that this decision is a complex policy decision which involves protracted environmental negotiations, a high and escalating commitment of organizational resources, and extensive organizational preparation. Eleven organizational and environmental factors which influence the decision are identified through a literature review. The influence of these factors on the success of the decision is examined and recommendations are made for managing the decision-making process to insure improved decision outcomes.     

群决策与个体决策的一致性分析

本文针对群决策与个体决策的一致性问题,将负熵理论应用到集对分析理论中,给出了系统的联系熵与转换熵的概念,探讨了其性质,通过定义联系熵的势,可转换熵的势作为群体决策与个体决策一致性的度量,得到一个新的判断群集结的有效性定理。     

基于碳标签制度的两级供应链协调机制研究

以市场需求随机的视角建立Stackelberg博弈模型,研究基于碳标签制度的供应商和零售商组成的两级供应链协调策略。模型引入产品碳足迹e₁作为决策变量,分别研究了在收益共享与成本共担契约下集中决策和分散决策中决策变量最优解及最优利润的变化情况。研究结果表明,在考虑碳排因素时集中决策相比于分散决策具有明显的优势;在参数满足一定条件下零售商通过与供应商共担碳减排成本,可以实现利润的增长,初步验证模型的契约设计的有效性。     

决策支持理论研究

本文提出了开环与闭环决策系统的概念,在此基础上初步讨论了决策支持理论,并提出了决策支持系统工程与系统集成的研究框架。在决策科学中,现在绝大部分的研究工作集中在对开环决策系统的研究上,这对于研究决策与决策支持是必须的,但这还远不够,如果要真正提高决策及决策支持的有效性,就必须研究闭环决策系统,必须把决策问题识别与求解放在统一的框架中进行研究。     

基于心理阈值的多属性决策问题目标调整研究

将决策者在决策指标上存在心理阈值的现状应用到多属性决策问题,提出先对决策目标调整再进行决策的方法。首先,对效益型、成本型、中间型指标构建相应的指标满意度函数和算法,针对不同类型的指标选择相应的算法,计算决策者在每个备选方案存在心理阈值属性上的满意度;其次,根据决策者满意度与心理阈值,调整决策目标组建新的决策信息表;再次,提出基于决策者满意度的属性赋权与信息集结算法模型,获得最优决策方案;最后,通过一个实际生活中的决策者购房案例,表明该方法的科学合理性。     

基于交叉效率DEA与群体共识的区间乘性语言偏好关系群决策

针对区间乘性语言偏好关系群决策问题，提出了一种基于交叉效率DEA和群体共识的群决策方法。首先，提出乘性语言偏好关系导出函数的定义，并构建产出导向的DEA模型，证明了一致性乘性语言偏好关系的DEA效率得分与排序向量之间存在比例关系。在此基础上，建立基于理想值的交叉效率DEA模型，提出乘性语言偏好关系的通用排序方法。同时，基于群体共识建立目标规划模型来计算各语言偏好关系的权重系数。最后，利用Monte Carlo随机模拟的方法对群体语言偏好空间进行统计分析，得到群决策期望排序向量及其可信度。算例分析表明本文方法能够有效的避免信息损失，具有较强的适用性和较高的可信度。     

基于VIKOR和诱导广义直觉梯形模糊Choquet积分算子的多属性群决策方法

针对属性值为直觉梯形模糊数,决策者间和属性间存在相互关联的多属性群决策问题,引入模糊测度和Choquet积分的概念,在直觉梯形模糊数的运算法则基础上构建了诱导型广义直觉梯形模糊choquet积分平均(IG-ITFCA)算子和诱导型广义直觉梯形模糊choquet积分几何(IG-ITFCG)算子,探讨上述算子的若干性质及一些特例,进而提出了基于诱导型广义直觉梯形模糊Choquet积分算子和多准则妥协优化解(VIKOR)的直觉梯形模糊多属性群决策方法。实例分析验证该方法的有效性和合理性。     

双边匹配决策的研究现状与展望

近几年来,大量文献资料表明,双边匹配决策是经济管理研究领域中一个值得关注的、新的研究方向。在检索了双边匹配决策相关研究文献的基础上,通过对这些文献的筛选、分析与分类,界定了双边匹配决策的概念;回顾了双边匹配决策研究的历史衍变过程;并系统地分析了不同情境下的双边匹配决策问题;最后探讨了未来双边匹配决策的研究方向和研究问题。     

时序多属性决策的广义等级偏好优序法

实际中很多复杂的多属性决策问题往往需要考虑多个时间序列的决策信息,针对这类时序多属性决策问题,本文在优序法的基础上,定义了广义优序数的概念。同时提出基于理想时间权向量的方法来解决时序多属性决策中时间权重的确定问题,进而在此基础上提出时序多属性决策的广义等级偏好优序法。最后,利用文献中的数据,用本文的方法对某集团的四个铜矿企业的综合效益进行了评价,其结果表明了本文方法的可行性和有效性。本文为解决时序多属性决策问题提供了一种新的方法和思路。     

多标准决策表中发现概率规则的变精度粗糙集方法

用优势关系代替不可分辨关系,本文提出了一种可以从多标准决策表中获取概率规则的扩展变精度粗糙集模型,该模型能够处理多标准决策表中可能的不一相容性,获取由偏好对象组成的概率决策规则集,并导出事例决策系统的偏好模型。研究结果表明:基于优势关系,从多标准决策表中获取的最小概率规则集,使用的条件数量较少,且导出规则的数量较少、较强。     

考虑排污权市场价格不确定性的企业生产决策

目前有关不确定情境下排污权交易企业生产决策问题研究通常都是采纳的期望效用理论。针对排污权市场价格不确定性普遍存在的客观事实,重点引入前景理论,考察排污权市场价格不确定情境下的企业生产决策问题。首先通过建立特定排污权市场价格下的生产决策优化模型,提取了企业在产品生产、污染削减、排污权交易等方面决策行为与排污权市场价格之间的关联性;基于此,运用前景理论分析框架,分析、推导了排污权市场价格不确定情境下企业生产决策的价值函数、主观概率与决策权重函数,建立了考虑心理参考点与决策偏好的生产决策模型。结果表明：由于受信息局限、资源禀赋、心理预期、行为偏好等多方面的影响,企业的实际生产决策会系统性地偏离期望最优决策;算例分析也从多个角度清晰刻画了企业面向排污权市场价格不确定性的复杂决策行为,所得结果更贴近现实情景,并充分说明了基于前景理论的模型分析能够更好地描述排污权交易企业的实际生产决策行为。     

AN ADAPTIVE DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR ACADEMIC RESOURCE PLANNING

Institutions of higher learning are growing increasingly interested in the use of model-based approaches to their resource allocation problems. Recent modeling approaches, however, have failed to consider that resource allocation planning is not a well-structured decision process. Additionally, many decision makers are necessarily involved in the academic planning process and may assume dissimilar perspectives on the importance of achieving different goals and objectives. Furthermore, satisfactory allocation solutions can be expected to vary considerably from decision maker to decision maker as the individual's cognitive processes, perceptions, and evaluations are taken into consideration. This paper describes a decision support system (DSS) approach that attempts to adapt to a variety of academic decision makers with differing planning views in an environment of multiple conflicting objectives. This DSS, which was successfully tested on four academic decision makers in a large midwestern university, shows considerable promise for providing decision support to decision makers with varied problem-solving styles.     

An Empirical Investigation of the Effects of Decision Aids on Problem-Solving Processes*

Despite the growing number of investigations examining decision support systems (DSS), relatively few empirical studies have evaluated the effects of DSS on problem-solving processes. This study uses protocol analysis to investigate the impact of a specific decision aid on problem-solving processes in a semi-structured problem. Results indicate that decision aids influence the problem-solving processes of decision makers. The effect of a decision aid is found to be contingent on familiarity with the decision aid, task familiarity, and the interaction of these two factors. Suggestions for incorporating interaction effects and problem-solving processes into future examinations are proposed.     

A system for decision support without explicit objective functions

This paper presents a conversational decision support system: Resource Allocation in Business Operation under Uncertain Worth (RAINBOW). The focus is placed on the loosely structured decision situation where the multiple objective functions are given only implicitly and should be locally approximated by the decision maker as the decision making process proceeds. Basically, RAINBOW supports the process of convergence to a preferred alternative by giving the decision maker information which will help him form consistent evaluations of the utility function, the objective functions and the solution for the decision problem.     

动态多指标决策问题的投影寻踪模型

针对动态多指标决策中指标和时段的权重确定问题,提出了基于投影寻踪(PP)的理想点法新模型(PP-IPM模型)。该模型利用决策矩阵样本的内部信息,把方案的三维决策矩阵综合成一维投影值,投影值越大表示该方案越优,根据投影值的大小就可对各方案进行综合排序决策。建议用实码加速遗传算法进行PP-IPM的建模,简化了PP技术的实现过程,克服了目前PP技术计算过程复杂、编程实现困难的缺点。实例计算的结果说明,直接由决策矩阵样本数据驱动的PP-IPM模型用于动态多指标决策问题简便可行,适用性和可操作性强,具有推广应用价值。     

基于前景理论和隶属度的混合型多属性决策方法

针对带有决策者期望的混合型多属性决策问题,提出了一种基于前景理论和隶属度的决策分析方法。首先依据决策者对各个属性的期望,将具有清晰数、区间数和语义短语三种形式的决策矩阵转化成为前景决策矩阵。然后,根据各个方案与决策期望之间的广义加权欧氏距离,建立了可变模糊模式识别模型,并通过构造拉格朗日松弛函数,进行交叉迭代计算,得到各个方案的最优隶属度以及对应的属性权重,在此基础上,通过合成各个方案的累计前景值与隶属度,得到方案的综合前景值,并依据综合前景值的大小进行方案排序。最后通过一个原油管道路线优选实例,表明了该方法的可行性与有效性。