打造一把手能力建设新境界

就一个单位而言,一把手在领导班子中处于核心地位,是整个集体的第一组织者、决策者和管理者;就干部队伍而言,一把手队伍又是整个干部队伍的“第一方阵”,是引领地方经济社会发展的骨干力量。因此,一把手能力建设是干部队伍建设的重中之重,也是提高干部执政能力的关键所在。笔者认为,一把手的履职能力体现在扎实干事、科学干事、合力干事、干净干事上。一、不辱使命,不负重托,在扎实干事中确立一把手的从政追求有目标才有努力方向,有追求才有前进动力。一把手有什么样的从政追求,决定了他会有什么样的精神状态,也决定了他会有什么样的工作水…     

Lessons from the Celltech Case: Balancing Knowledge Exploration and Exploitation in Organizational Renewal

This article applies the lens of the knowledge exploration/exploitation dilemma to the renewal of Celltech Plc. From a theoretical perspective it has often been argued that as a firm matures, exploitation of current organizational knowledge drives out exploration of new ideas, and that this increases the likelihood of firm failure. This same literature gives few clues as to how balance can be maintained, or decline reversed. Our case study documents the decline of Celltech, its rejuvenation from near bankruptcy in 1990, and its subsequent ability to prosper to become the eighth largest biotech firm in the EU in terms of market capitalization. Through the Celltech case we show empirically that renewal based on exploration is possible even in a firm where exploitation has come to dominate. This case also illustrates how a balance between exploration and exploitation can be maintained for over half a decade, despite the theoretical tendency stated in the literature for exploitation to dominate. We offer insights into the process of maintaining a balance, including reorganization to release internal diversity to stimulate exploration, creation of a common language, and building systems to institutionalize the maintenance of a balance between exploration and exploitation.     

同级领导权力争端的风险及化解之道

同级领导权力争端主要表现为职权越位、资源偏位、角色错位、情感缺位。同级权力争端会给组织工作环境、组织人事关系、组织行为决策以及组织未来发展带来挑战,引发政治生态恶化风险、组织制度虚化风险、行为失范风险、人际关系敌化风险以及心理异化风险。构建公开透明的资源分配机制、科学合理的奖惩机制、交流协调常态化机制、合作竞争的利益共同体机制和思想教育疏导机制,是化解同级领导权力争端风险的应有策略。     

Network Embeddedness in Exploration and Exploitation of Joint R&D Projects: A Structural Approach

This paper analyses how network embeddedness affects the exploration and exploitation of R&D project performance. By developing joint projects, partners and projects are linked to one another and form a network that generates social capital. We examine how the location, which determines the access to information and knowledge within a network of relationships, affects the performance of projects. We consider this question in the setup of exploration and exploitation projects, using a database built from an EU framework. We find that each of the structural embeddedness dimensions (degree, betweenness and eigenvector centrality) have a different impact on the exploration and exploitation project performance. Our empirical analysis extends to project management literature and social capital theory, by including the effect that the acquisition of external knowledge has on the performance of the project.     

初到任上怎样赢得威信

年轻领导干部新到某单位上任时,往往会遇到一个难题,那就是群众与自己存在心理距离,甚至是猜疑和不信任。对此,有的人沉不住气,急于在群众面前建立威信,要么在会上自我吹嘘、哗众取宠,要么当众批驳、发泄不满……这样一来,不但不能消除他人的一些偏见,反而越描越黑,正好验证了人们的猜疑,影响了自己的形象。应该说,这些领导者力图建立威信的动机没有错,但是由于操之过急,又用错了着力点,难免事与愿违。为了避免类似问题出现,初到任上,起码应注意以下几点。一、不要太看重个人面子对于一个领导者来说,权威自然是很重要的。然而,若将工作权威…     

产业集群创新网络结构特征的仿真分析——基于March利用式-探索式创新分析框架

通过建模仿真,基于March利用式-探索式创新分析框架,形成不同创新偏向下的产业集群创新网络,比较不同创新偏向下产业集群创新网络的结构特征.结果表明,产业集群的创新活动越倾向于探索式创新,创新网络具有越短的路径,网络的内聚性也越高,而在产业集群活动多为利用式创新的情况下,创新网络密度较低,具有明显的派系特征.     

The Role of Knowledge in Resource Allocation to Exploration versus Exploitation in Technologically Oriented Organizations*

Decisions regarding research and development (R&D) activities of an organization greatly affect the fiscal and market outcomes of technologically oriented firms. Yet, the resource allocation choices between these two activities are tied strongly to an organization's technology knowledge. Technological knowledge is itself a resource that the firm can manage to achieve strategic and competitive advantage. In this paper, the authors present a system dynamics view of the decomposition of R&D efforts into explorative and exploitive activities and the resultant knowledge‐specific and performance outcomes from the decision to focus on one type of activity or another. Four factors are shown to affect the relative value of innovative knowledge to the organization: resource availability, exogenous competition, aging of knowledge bases, and adaptive capacity, a firm's ability to adapt to its environment. A variety of long‐ and short‐term strategic issues are discussed in relation to these forces.     

Robustness of Risk Maps and Survey Networks to Knowledge Gaps About a New Invasive Pest

In pest risk assessment it is frequently necessary to make management decisions regarding emerging threats under severe uncertainty. Although risk maps provide useful decision support for invasive alien species, they rarely address knowledge gaps associated with the underlying risk model or how they may change the risk estimates. Failure to recognize uncertainty leads to risk‐ignorant decisions and miscalculation of expected impacts as well as the costs required to minimize these impacts. Here we use the information gap concept to evaluate the robustness of risk maps to uncertainties in key assumptions about an invading organism. We generate risk maps with a spatial model of invasion that simulates potential entries of an invasive pest via international marine shipments, their spread through a landscape, and establishment on a susceptible host. In particular, we focus on the question of how much uncertainty in risk model assumptions can be tolerated before the risk map loses its value. We outline this approach with an example of a forest pest recently detected in North America, Sirex noctilio Fabricius. The results provide a spatial representation of the robustness of predictions of S. noctilio invasion risk to uncertainty and show major geographic hotspots where the consideration of uncertainty in model parameters may change management decisions about a new invasive pest. We then illustrate how the dependency between the extent of uncertainties and the degree of robustness of a risk map can be used to select a surveillance network design that is most robust to knowledge gaps about the pest.     

贺国强同志强调把干部选拔任用工作提高到一个新水平

中共中央政治局委员、中央书记处书记、中组部部长贺国强于2005年9月28日在中组部召开的“严格按照《干部任用条例》和有关规定选拔任用干部视频会议”上的讲话中强调,各级党委(党组)及其组织人事部门,要认真贯彻执行《干部任用条例》、关于干部人事制度改革的“5+1”法规性文件,以及查处“跑官要官”、“买官卖官”和防止干部“带病提拔”的11条措施,进一步做好干部监督工作,切实解决当前一些地方和部门干部选拔任用工作中存在的问题,遏制用人上的不正之风和腐败现象,不断提高干部选拔任用工作水平。一、提高认识,进一步增强严格按照《干部…     

Trust as a Determinant of Opposition to a High-Level Radioactive Waste Repository: Analysis of a Structural Model

Residents in the State of Nevada hold strong opinions about the federal government's proposal to site the nation's first high-level radioactive waste repository at Yucca Mountain. The model developed in this study is designed to examine the relationship between public perceptions of risk, trust in risk management, and potential economic impacts of the current repository program using a confirmatory multivariate method known as covariance structure analysis. The data used to test the model was collected in a 1989 statewide survey of Nevada residents. The results indicate that, for a statewide sample, perceptions of potential economic benefits do not have a significant role in predicting support or opposition to the repository program. On the other hand, risk perceptions and the level of trust in repository management are closely related to each other and to positions on Yucca Mountain. Trust directly influences risk perceptions which, in turn, have a direct effect on the attitude toward the repository, and an indirect effect through perceived stigma effects.     

新形势下县级政府如何准确定位

面对当前发展的新形势、新任务、新要求,如何充分发挥政府特别是县级政府的作用,是一个值得认真探讨的课题。近两年来,我就这个问题进行了一些思考和探索,认为市场经济条件下,县级政府应找准位置,切实担负起“建设、管理、发展”三大任务。要完善自我,塑造“主体”。政府是代表一个区域的“主体”,其自身形象的好与坏,直接影响该地区的形象。为此,必须把加强政府自身建设作为政府工作的首要任务来抓。一是转变职能,建设高效政府。市场经济条件下,政府必须转变职能,逐步从那些市场机制能够发挥作用的领域中退出来。一方面,要大力简化行政审批…     

一类复杂供应链网络的稳定性分析

本文研究了一条具有多条平行分销线路的复杂供应链网络的动态稳定性.运用线性稳定性分析,得出了该模型的线性稳定性,并结合仿真得到若将上游节点企业的库存考虑进订购策略,则将使得供应链更加不稳定,反之,若将下游企业的库存考虑进订购策略,同时若采用预期库存水平的加权平均值来调整订货率,则将使得供应链更加稳定;同时可以看出,供应链网络结构越复杂,其稳定性就会越低.     

Exploitation Strategy and Performance of Contract Manufacturing Exporters: The Mediating Roles of Exploration Strategy and Marketing Capability

Contract manufacturing exporters (CMEs) receive a meagre share of global value chain returns, primarily because of the mundane and exploitative nature of the activities they perform in their dependency relationships with lead firms. We posit that CMEs can enhance their performance by capitalizing on their exploitation strategy. Exploitation strategy triggers exploration strategy which requires building marketing capabilities for enhanced performance. Based on data from 154 Vietnamese CMEs, we find significant indirect only mediation effects of: 1) exploration strategy between exploitation strategy and export performance; and 2) marketing capability between exploration strategy and export performance. Further, we find significant indirect only serial mediation of exploration strategy and marketing capability between exploitation strategy and export performance. The findings are also supported and contextualized based on illustrative quotes from face to face semi-structured interviews with senior managers of 10 Vietnamese CMEs. The findings suggest that CMEs' that consciously capitalize on the exploitation strategy by seeking exploration opportunities while building their marketing capability exhibit enhanced performance.     

零售网络的结构建模与演化分析

为探寻零售网络的演化规律,基于复杂自适应系统理论构建零售网络结构模型.通过对agent、环境以及交互规则的描述和分析,描述了零售网络结构;利用Multi-agent仿真方法模拟零售网络在平稳需求、递增需求、近似实际数据需求3种需求情况下的动态演化过程,分析零售网络零售商数目、平均适应度、均价、死亡率与新增率的演化规律.模拟结果表明,零售网络系统沿演化路径经过若干个周期循环之后达到一种稳定的状态,在近似实际数据需求和递增需求驱动下,系统表现出较大的波动性;零售商的平均适应度与产品成交均价不存在相关性,用演化的观点阐述长期价格战的不合理性;另外,零售商的死亡率与新增率的演化特征解释了现实零售网络在市场成熟时期有退难进的竞争特征.     

Multinationals and Skills Policy Networks: HRM as a Player in Economic and Social Concerns

This paper uses an embeddedness framework to reconceptualize HRM agency over the external labour market, and in so doing bring into focus the societal implications of HRM. Drawing on qualitative data from 53 key informants in two English regions, we identify the ways in which the subsidiaries of foreign multinationals (MNCs) engage with labour market skills actors. Our findings reveal how power structures are mobilized by local economic actors to align labour market skills with MNCs’ demand priorities. We show that multinationals may seek to partially endogenize (i.e. take ownership of) the resources of local labour markets when their competitive value is redefined in social as well as economic terms, and demonstrate that the social structure of sub‐national institutional governance arrangements and firm strategic action on skills creates the conduit through which resource endogenization may occur. Theoretically, this paper identifies the social structure of networks as a casual mechanism to bridge divergent skill interests, which is mobilized when network actors have the capacity to frame fields within the social structure of the network around ideas on economic sustainability and moral interest.     

Your money or your life: a new variation on the Heinz Dilemma

Millions of Medicare-age Americans are drug dependent, not because of addiction but because of common chronic health problems such as diabetes, heart failure, high blood pressure, and arthritis. Seniors are up in arms because drug company control of distribution and pricing of pharmaceuticals is eating away hard-earned nest eggs. Who cares? Where's the justice?     

努力构建县级党委新的领导体制和工作机制

按照中央和安徽省委提出的领导班子配备改革要求,巢湖市五个县区党委于今年6月份顺利完成了换届选举任务,产生了新一届党委班子,初步建立起党委新的领导体制。从县区党委新班子目前的运行情况看,在创新党委工作机制、发挥班子作用等方面,还需要从以下几个方面入手,加强相应的配套制度建设。合理界定常委特别是专职副书记、交叉任职常委的分工。过去,地方党委实行书记领导下的副书记分工主管负责制,是书记(常委会)—副书记—常委三级架构。推行党政交叉任职、实行常委分工负责制后,副书记、常委将各自就分管工作直接向书记(常委会雪负责,是书…     

农村基层党建工作如何创新

改革的深入和社会主义市场经济的发展,繁荣了农村经济,活跃了农民的思想,在很大程度上推动了农村社会的进步,但同时也使农村基层党组织建设工作面临着一些新情况和新问题,迫切要求以江泽民同志"三个代表"重要思想为指导及时加以解决,实现理论创新与工作创新的互动发展.