科威特女权运动的三大胜利

本文叙述科威特妇女争取政治权利的艰辛过程，透视科威特妇女在维护自己正当权益进程中面临的各方压力和挑战。     

试论19世纪末澳洲女权运动的特点

发端于19世纪80年代的澳大利亚女权运动,是工业革命影响下近代西方第一次女权运动的组成部分,与同时期英美等国的女权运动相比,既有奋斗目标、运动纲领上的共同点,同时又具有自身的特色,反映了19世纪末澳洲殖民地社会转型的一个侧面,其历史意义值得深入探讨。     

战后美国女权运动的发展及其影响

在战后,美国女权运动逐渐发展起来,女权运动和当时声势浩大的民权运动,都是当时美国女权运动发展和壮大的重要标志,在妇女得到了民主选举权之后,女权运动一直在平等权利修正案这一项法则进行抗争,一直在争取国会通过这项决策,之后的很长时间女权运动都没有大幅度的进展,一直到60年代才出现了转机。妇女为了可以获得平等的权利,掀起了和黑人争取平等权一样的举动,因此战后的女权运动不仅发展的非常迅速,同时也对美国的发展产生了一系列的影响。     

美国女权运动的发展对迪士尼公主形象的影响

美国的女权主义运动至今共经历了三次浪潮,女权主义思想从觉醒到探索到解放有三次飞跃,女性的诉求由第一阶段的选举权、教育权、婚姻自由发展到第二阶段的平等的工作权、经济独立再上升到第三阶段的希望以女性的语言说话以女性的视角看待这个世界.女权主义的发展影响了善于造梦并把握时势的迪士尼公司,对公主电影有了不断的突破,从第一阶段的影片中传统公主形象背后的歧视,到第二阶段公主形象的转变,再到第三阶段公主形象的再构建.整整77年间迪士尼公主电影都在沿着女权主义的发展而进化.迪士尼公主电影是三次美国女权运动的忠实记录者,而美国女权运动深深的影响了迪士尼公主的形象.     

1930年关于“她”字的论争——女权运动的实践者拒用“她”字

“她”字诞生于五四时期,最先孕育于《新青年》同人内部,最早被追赶“新潮”的北大和其他高校那些致力于文学革命的“新青年”们所大胆“尝试”,其得以运用之初,也正是国内“男女同校”、“妇女解放”的呼声响亮,国际上妇女参政运动也正处高潮之际……凡此种种,都不难引发今人对现代“男女平等”观念与“她”字问世的正当性论证之间历史关系的无限联想。     

科威特的服装

一国的民族服装,从色彩或款式的角度,往往不仅反映了一国的民俗、艺术审美观、生活环境、传统习惯等,而且还反映了它的历史、文化、经济和人民的精神面貌。     

科威特的公园

科威特位于阿拉伯半岛东北部,濒临阿拉伯湾,全国总面积不超过18000平方公里,境内多半是沙漠,无常年河流,气候极为干旱炎热。原先,科威特在人们的印象中是一个人口不到百万、荒凉落后的沙漠国家。然而,近二十年来,独立后的科威特凭借着沙土下丰富的石油资源,一跃成为举世     

科威特社会的变迁

萨巴赫家族统治科威特至今已284个春秋.在这近3个世纪里,科成特社会发生了翻天覆地的变化,首先是经济基础发生了根本性的变化,从而促使科成特的上层建筑--政治体制的变化.     

科威特的军火贸易

海湾战争后,为实现富国强兵的愿望,科威特不惜重金大举购买军火.随着海湾合作委员会国家联合自强趋势日益明显,科威特在加大军火进口力度的同时,也在重新审视武器进口计划,这将对海湾军火市场产生影响.     

科威特的经济发展战略

科威特自1961年6月独立起,为了摆脱贫困落后的经济状况,振兴和发展民族经济,有计划、有步骤地采取了一系列正确的方针政策,建立了从石油勘探、开采、提炼到运输、销售的整套石油工业体系,促进了化工、建筑、电力等工业和农业的建立和发展,开拓了海外投资的广阔领域,改变了     

Motherhood and the Construction of Feminist Identities: Variations in a Women's Movement Organization

This paper examines the relationship between feminism and motherhood as it plays out in the construction of feminist identities. Through a qualitative analysis of two grassroots chapters of the National Organization for Women (NOW), I examine how members'understandings and experiences with motherhood and their community context and organizational environment shape the construction of shared feminist identities. Central to this study is the conception of motherhood as a historically constructed ideology that provides a gendered model of behavior for women. In the organizations studied, I find that motherhood is interpreted two ways: as a social status with political ramifications and as the act of caring and taking responsibility for relationships. These interpretations are incorporated into frames extended to potential recruits and shape the group's actions. As a result these two ideologically similar liberal feminist organizations construct distinct feminist identities.     

Taking Feminist Violence Seriously in Feminist International Relations

In this article we explore questions about feminism and violence to constructively complicate understandings about this relationship. Feminism is conventionally positioned as oppositional to direct and structural violences, importantly so, as this has been seen key to feminism's viability as a constructive knowledge project. Yet there are increasingly persistent concerns about epistemic, juridical and other violences circulating around feminism, which render feminism's role in the production of oppositional knowledge and politics suspect. This is especially the case where western feminist ideas have been problematically taken up in neoliberal global policy making and for militarized human rights interventions. As feminist international relations scholars troubled by such associations, we investigate – via an exploration of three provocative feminist texts – how feminism is perceived to be both violated and violating by its contemporary imbrication in the violences of neoliberalism and global governance. We further suggest that metaphors of feminized corporeality, which infuse representations of feminism in these texts (especially in its western homogenized governance form), inhibit the destabilizing potential of feminism through its harmful associations with the ‘failing’ female body. This bodily shaping of feminism, which we examine by following a ‘trail of blood’, tells us something important about the relationship between feminism and violence, about recurring discursive and theoretical closures around feminism and about the possibilities for reinventions of feminism to unsettle the violent degradations, which feminists insistently reveal and decry.     

科威特社会的变迁

萨巴赫家族统治科威特至今已284个春秋。在这近3个世纪里，科威特社会发生了翻天覆地的变化，首先是经济基础发生了根本性的变化，从而促使科威特的上层建筑-政治体制的变化。     

Globalization and the built environment in Kuwait

This paper discusses the impact of globalization on the built environment and the tension between the forces of globalization and localization as exemplified in the case of Kuwait. It claims that globalization has been active in the countries of the Gulf area since the middle of the 20th century when they witnessed rapid development and change that permitted globalization and localization processes to be more evident and magnified than in other parts of the world. The aim of this paper is to analyze manifestations and consequences of globalization and localization processes in the built environment in Kuwait by tracing the rapid transformation of the built environment in Kuwait during the second half of the 20th century. The paper claims that the clash of styles that exists in the built environment is a product of the tension between globalization and localization processes, and that the dichotomy between the cultural forces currently shaping the built environment, i.e. modern-traditional, Islamic-Western, and local-international, is the result of this tension. While some architects attempt to integrate the local architecture into global cultural trends, others try to revive the traditional architectural style to protect the local identity and heritage. The resulting built environment is chaotic and lacks identity and sense of place. The paper concludes that the processes of globalization and localization are inseparable and that they coexist, like in many other parts of the world, in continuous state of change and interaction. There is a need for an alternative understanding of what global architecture can be; one that understands the essential need to preserve and respect diversity as well as house seemingly disparate philosophies of space, people, and their interactions with and within the built form. This approach should be reflected in professional practice, education and building regulations that govern the production of the built environment.     

Asian women workers in Kuwait

The author examines trends in the roles of immigrant Asian women workers in Kuwait, using data from published censuses and reports and from three national-level surveys conducted in 1977-1979, 1983, and 1986-1987. "The study deals separately with the two major types of migrants: the domestic servants and the clerical and professional (or semiprofessional) workers.... The policies of sending countries and of Kuwait are discussed to reach some conclusions about the likely future patterns of migration of Asian women workers to Kuwait."     

Development of Family Studies in the Eighties in Kuwait

The development of social scientific investigation in Kuwait falls into the pre-oil and post-oil periods. During the pre-oil period, research was largely historical and local. Following the dis- covery of oil, Kuwaiti society captured the interest of investigators from outside Kuwait. The study of family was seen as a minor area of social science, but was supported by various Kuwaiti institutions. Prominent in the literature on family in Kuwait are studies of aging, the phenomenon of expatriate housemaids, womens studies, and child development studies. This review concludes with the sugges- tion that family research in Kuwait is at the threshold of theoretical development. The next step is to improve the quality of research methods in order to build sound theory.