绩效下滑会驱动子公司创新吗北大核心CSSCI

本文依据公司行为理论,研究期望绩效下滑与子公司创新行为的关系,以及在外部市场融资难、成本高的制度环境下,母公司财务状况与母子公司控制层级对绩效下滑子公司创新变革的影响。基于2012-2015年上市公司数据发现:子公司期望绩效下滑更有动机提高创新能力;母公司财务困境、母子公司间金字塔控制层级削弱了子公司期望绩效下滑程度与创新绩效提升的负向关系。将子公司样本按绩效状况分为盈利与亏损两部分,进一步分析发现:当子公司盈利时,期望绩效下滑提高了公司创新能力;当经营亏损时,子公司创新能力随期望绩效下滑而下降,即子公司实施创新变革的最佳时机是公司经营绩效低于预期目标且处于盈利状态。母公司对子公司创新行为的影响视子公司经营状况权变而定:当子公司盈利时,母公司财务困境与子公司创新绩效负相关,母子公司控制层级与子公司创新能力正相关;当子公司亏损时,母公司财务困境和金字塔控制层级与子公司创新绩效的关系不明显。     

考虑追溯水平的食品厂商竞争决策研究

本文综合考虑食品市场竞争环境,消费者食品安全风险规避程度及食品追溯水平等因素建立了食品厂商的双寡头竞争博弈模型,探讨了食品的追溯水平与消费者风险规避程度对食品厂商价格、安全努力水平以及利润的影响。研究发现：食品厂商的最优价格和食品的安全努力水平随其食品追溯水平的提高而增加,随竞争厂商的食品追溯水平的提高而降低;厂商食品追溯水平较高时,其安全努力水平随消费者风险规避程度的增大而提高,其最优价格随高风险规避型消费者比例的增大而增加;而厂商食品追溯水平较低时,其安全努力水平随消费者风险规避程度的增大先增加而后下降,其最优价格随高风险规避型消费者比例的增大总是下降;随高风险规避型消费者比例的增大,各厂商的食品追溯水平对其决策的影响产生不同的变化。     

子公司绩效目标虚减操纵行为与激励机制对策研究

 企业集团总部与子公司在绩效计划阶段围绕目标值的设定存在博弈行为,子公司往往利用自身的信息优势虚减绩效目标,这种操纵行为将误导集团总部正常决策,影响资源配置效率并减少激励机制效用。本文基于子公司绩效操纵的委托代理模型与适应性预期假设,以两期收益为周期,按照激励相容的机制设计条件,对绩效目标的虚减操纵行为进行建模,分析指出子公司虚减操纵的条件触发因素和集团总部可行的控制方法,并据此提出企业集团总部相应的激励机制建设建议。     

基于“搭便车”行为的双渠道供应链库存竞争和促销策略

本文建立了由一个制造商和一个零售商组成的双渠道供应链模型，研究了随机需求下"搭便车"行为和渠道间缺货替代行为对供应链库存竞争与促销决策的影响。结果表明：分散式决策下，网络渠道替代率越高，零售商的最优订购量越大，同样的零售渠道替代率越高，制造商会为网络渠道提供更多的库存；而"搭便车"行为对零售商与制造商订购量的影响则取决于渠道替代率的变化，但"搭便车"行为会降低零售商促销努力水平。数值分析发现：分散式决策下，零售商最优订购量随"搭便车"行为的增加而减少。然而制造商的最优库存量并非随着"搭便车"行为程度的增加而增加，不同的是制造商网络渠道最优库存量取决于市场需求对传统零售渠道促销努力水平的弹性系数，即制造商网络渠道最优库存量随"搭便车"行为的增加先增加后减少。通过比较发现在不同的"搭便车"行为程度、传统零售渠道替代率、网络渠道替代率下，集中式决策下供应链期望收益大于分散式决策下供应链期望总收益。     

财务特征对担保方定价策略影响的实证研究

2007年证监会和银监会联合发布《120号通知》要求强制披露上市公司对外担保实施以来,详细查阅上市公司信息披露公告获知,2007至2014年间超过40%的上市公司存在对外担保业务;提供担保公司的资产负债率均值54.07%、资产收益率均值为3.07%,未提供担保公司的资产负债率均值43%、资产收益率均值4.5%,揭示担保公司财务特征对担保行为选择具有一定影响。为深入诠释该现象,本文基于"担保价格不仅取决于担保是否给公司带来正净现金流,而且取决于提供担保后所有者权益占公司比例的变化程度"的理性担保方定价策略,构建担保供需理论模型,逻辑推理给出研究假设。利用2007至2014中国A股主板非金融类上市公司的样本进行检验发现:(1)提供担保公司数量先随公司所有者权益占资产总额比重的增加而增加,但当超过某一阈值后随公司所有者权益比重的增加而减少,特别资产负债率影响对外担保行为由增到减拐点的阈值:国有上市公司在80%左右,非国有公司在70%左右。(2)提供担保公司数量先随公司盈利能力增强而增加,但超过某一阈值后随公司盈利能力增强而减少,特别公司盈利能力影响对外担保行为由增到减拐点的阈值:国有上市公司在11%左右,非国有公司在13%左右;给出国有上市公司由于政府的隐性担保带来的资信福利,导致国有上市公司在同等条件下,资信水平较非国有公司高估,导致担保契约增加拐点和担保契约减少拐点都比非国有公司财务状况要差。     

组织支持感与工作投入的曲线关系及其边界条件

作为一种工作资源,组织支持感是员工工作投入的重要预测变量。但是,基于社会交换理论,组织支持感也可能增加员工角色外的投入、减少对工作角色的投入。在一定条件下,组织支持感与工作投入可能存在非线性的关系。采用302名证券行业员工问卷,考察组织支持感与工作投入的曲线关系,进一步探索情感承诺对该曲线关系的调节作用。在检验共同方法偏差的基础上,采用多项式回归对研究假设进行检验。研究结果表明,在控制员工的情感承诺后,组织支持感与工作投入呈显著U形曲线关系。情感承诺显著调节组织支持感与工作投入的曲线关系,即情感承诺高的员工,组织支持感与工作投入呈U形曲线关系;而情感承诺低的员工,组织支持感与工作投入呈显著线性关系。总体而言,研究结果进一步支持组织支持感对工作投入潜在的负面影响,尤其是具有高情感承诺的员工其感知到的组织支持只有超过一定水平后才会对工作投入产生积极的影响。     

基于过度自信的合伙人合作均衡模型研究

本文以心理学相关理论为依据．研究过度自信条件下的合伙人合作均衡模型以及过度自信对合伙公司和合伙人预期效用的影响问题。研究结果表明，在理性条件下，每个合伙人的均衡努力水平远远达不到使合伙人和合伙公司预期效用最大化的程度；在部分或全部合伙人过度自信的条件下，如果合伙人之间存在相互依赖关系或具有正的外部性，那么合伙公司中一个合伙人过度自信程度的增大会提高所有合伙人的均衡努力水平，但其对合伙公司和每个合伙人效用的影响程度和影响方式是不同的，其他合伙人总是能够从该合伙人过度自信水平的提高中受益，而对该合伙人自身和合伙公司来说，只有当该合伙人的过度自信水平不是太高时，他们的预期效用才会随其过度自信水平的提高而增加。     

渠道模式、努力投入与生鲜农产品供应链运作效率研究

归纳总结我国生鲜农产品供应链三种主要渠道模式的特征和内涵,对比分析不同渠道模式下的生产努力投入、销售努力投入以及供应链效用水平。研究结果表明:(1)农户的风险规避偏好是影响其选择不同渠道模式的关键因素;(2)当农户的风险规避程度较低时,农户应该选择采用自产自销模式,此时的生产努力投入和销售努力投入也较其他模式下更高。而当农户的风险规避程度较高时,加入"农超对接"供应链不仅有利于增进农户效用,而且也能提高生产努力投入和销售努力投入;(3)相比于松散型"农超对接"模式,紧密型"农超对接"模式是一种更优的选择,能够同时提高农户和超市双方的效用水平。     

中国可耗竭资源型企业转移行为的特征和趋势

本文基于企业战略管理和系统工程理论,从2000年-2009年我国境内可耗竭资源型企业转移的112个项目中提炼描述了企业转移的特征行为,分析揭示了可耗竭资源型企业转移行为的驱动因素,研究构建了可耗竭资源型企业转移行为的过程激励模型,同时开展了问卷调查和行为度量,进行了行为四分图及趋势面图分析。研究发现:(1)企业转移行为主要集中于"高成本-高收益转移行为"和"低成本-低收益转移行为";(2)发生频次较高的企业转移行为明显集中在收益较高、成本略高的区域,并且在成本相近的区域行为发生的频次有随收益提高而上升的趋势。     

资产收益率的共同运动研究

对中国市场资产收益率的共同运动的研究表明,在可见的和不可见的影响所有资产价格变化的宏观经济因素被控制之后,我国证券市场中资产组合的收益率间依然存在共同运动.宏观经济因素对于资产收益率的解释力并不强,而市场中其他资产的收益率可解释大部分的资产收益率.该结论在很大程度上支持了基于羊群行为的有限理性资产定价模型.     

The more,the merrier? How a subsidiary's organizational identification with the MNE affects its initiative

How does a subsidiary's organizational identification influence its tendency to demonstrate initiative? In this study, we argue that a subsidiary's organizational identification with the MNE may affect its initiative via two mechanisms: subsidiary motivation and headquarters screening. On the one hand, subsidiary motivation mechanism suggests that a subsidiary's organizational identification with an MNE may affect its tendency to demonstrate initiative. On the other hand, the headquarters screening mechanism maintains that headquarters may rely on organizational identification to support or dismiss the subsidiary's projects. In light of the two mechanisms, we propose that a subsidiary's organizational identification may first increase its initiative, but after a certain point, the effect will diminish, ultimately leading to an inverted U-shaped relation. Building on this central argument, we also examine the boundary conditions at the subsidiary and MNE levels that may shape the proposed effect. Findings based on a sample of Taiwanese MNEs support these arguments. Our findings contribute to the literature by highlighting the role that a subsidiary's organizational identification plays in its initiative.     

债务容量与成长期权关系研究

本文利用期权博弈方法,探析投资成长期权如何影响公司债务融资决策问题。在不确定条件下,综合考虑利率、税率、债息和债务的期限结构这些影响融资和投资的重要因素,构建期权博弈理论模型,确定企业的最优债务容量,并运用数值方法给出了债务容量与投资成长期权的回报率之间是非线性的"U"形关系的结论。研究表明,当投资成长期权的回报率较低时,债务容量随着投资成长期权的回报率增加而债务容量减少;当投资成长期权的回报率达到较高水平时,债务容量随着投资成长期权的回报率增加而债务容量增加。从而给出了关于债务容量与投资成长期权之间的内在关系的新理论解释。     

Subsidiary embeddedness as a determinant of divisional headquarters involvement in innovation transfer processes

This paper conceptualizes divisional headquarters as an important hub-firm within the MNE, orchestrating innovation transfer processes between subsidiaries. It is argued that the internal and external embeddedness of a subsidiary hosting an innovation development project subsequently influences divisional headquarters involvement in the transfer of that innovation. In this way, embeddedness, i.e., the relationships that firms have with each other in the innovation development phase, is brought to the fore as an important factor for MNE subsidiaries hosting innovation development projects for explaining the involvement of divisional headquarters in a subsequent transfer. This highlights divisional headquarters as an active orchestrator of innovation transfers within the MNE. Data from 169 innovation transfer projects as well as 146 internal and 121 external embedded relationships at subsidiary level support the argument of embeddedness as a driver of divisional headquarters involvement in subsidiary innovation transfer projects. From a business network perspective, the findings highlight the role of internal and external embeddedness during innovation development in the subsequent involvement of divisional headquarters in the transfer phase. Embeddedness is not only important for subsidiaries in the innovation development phase but also for divisional headquarters involvement in, and orchestration of, innovation transfer.     

Headquarters Allocation of Resources to Innovation Transfer Projects within the Multinational Enterprise

This paper examines headquarters allocation of resources to specific innovation transfer projects within the multinational enterprise between sending and receiving subsidiaries, focusing on the role of the subsidiary hosting the transfer. Resource allocation is of key strategic importance for the organization given that resources are limited in the multinational enterprise and that headquarters is the principal actor in distributing resources internally between competing innovation transfer projects. Findings from a dataset of 169 innovation transfer projects reveal that headquarters tend to favor established lines of innovation at the subsidiary level, as opposed to overall subsidiary operational relatedness for additional corporate resources. It is found that headquarters also tend to allocate resources to acquired subsidiaries' transfer projects to a higher degree than to those of greenfield ones. A curvilinear effect is found for subsidiary bargaining power which is initially positive and subsequently negative. The results highlight that certain subsidiary and innovation traits are determinants of headquarters resource allocation.     

Headquarters involvement,socialization, and entrepreneurial behaviors in MNC subsidiaries

Headquarters of multinational corporations can be involved in their subsidiaries and help with the development and transfer of innovative ideas. However, headquarters involvement might not always be desired or needed, and it can thus be perceived as interference with local activities, potentially reducing local willingness to go the extra mile. We address the lack of knowledge about subsidiary manager behavior by answering the following question: How does headquarters involvement influence the proactive behavior of subsidiary managers to push for new and innovative ideas? Using data from 120 top managers in subsidiaries of multinational corporations, we find that the negative relationship between headquarters involvement and their subsidiary managers' support for initiatives can be reduced when socialization mechanisms such as a common corporate culture or rotation programs are put in place.     

When Do Distance Effects Become Empirically Observable? An Investigation in the Context of Headquarters Value Creation for Subsidiaries

Integrating distance research with the behavioral strategy literature on MNC headquarters-subsidiary relations, this paper explores how the distance between headquarters and subsidiaries relates to value added by the headquarters. We show for 124 manufacturing subsidiaries in Europe that, on average, distance is unrelated to value added by headquarters but that this effect is contingent upon the extent to which the subsidiary is locally embedded. Only after a certain threshold level of subsidiary embeddedness, distance is negatively related to headquarters value added. This effect is more pronounced for cultural, economic, and administrative distances than for pure geographic distance, highlighting the critical role of contextual variation for MNCs.     

知识聚合调节作用下双元联盟对企业能力重构的影响研究

基于316家制造企业的调研数据,分析双元联盟(探索式联盟和利用式联盟)对企业能力重构的影响,并探索知识聚合对上述关系的调节作用。研究发现:探索式联盟对能力替代有倒U形作用,却负向影响能力进化;利用式联盟对能力替代有负向影响,却对能力进化有倒U形作用;知识耦合既增强了探索式联盟与企业能力重构的关系,也缓解了利用式联盟与企业能力重构的关系;知识内聚在缓解探索式联盟与企业能力重构关系的同时,也增强了利用式联盟与企业能力重构的关系。     

Subsidiary role development: The effect of micro-political headquarters–subsidiary negotiations on the product,market and value-added scope of foreign-owned subsidiaries

This paper focuses on subsidiary role development in terms of changes in the market, product and value-added scope of foreign subsidiaries within multinational corporations (MNC). In its theoretical part, it identifies three interrelated reasons to explain such role changes: (1) subsidiary capabilities, (2) host-country localization advantages and (3) headquarters' realized strategies—that is, headquarters' intended strategies and the outcomes of micro-political headquarter–subsidiary negotiations. Based on the results of interviews with 65 managers in 11 German headquarters and their 13 Hungarian subsidiaries, the paper reveals the interrelated effects of the three factors on subsidiary role development and shows that headquarters' intended strategies are decisive to explain role development in peripheral host countries, though micro-political headquarter–subsidiary negotiations being an integral part of subsidiary role development.     

Getting the seal of approval: Pathways to subsidiary initiative acceptance

Multinational corporations (MNCs) are proactive, entrepreneurial, and decentralized organizations. They seek to incorporate and leverage knowledge from their foreign subsidiaries. Initiatives in which subsidiaries pursue new business opportunities are one way that subsidiaries contribute to MNCs' knowledge stocks, but prior research suggests that few subsidiary initiatives secure headquarters approval. We argue that the extent to which initiatives are accepted by the headquarters of an MNC depends on a range of relational and contextual conditions that configure in complex ways. Using a neoconfigurational approach, we identify five equifinal configurations associated with the acceptance of subsidiary initiatives. We advance theory of subsidiary management by uncovering how subsidiary activities gain traction within the MNC.     

探索式创新、利用式创新与绩效:战略和环境的影响

本文基于397家中国企业的样本数据,对探索式创新、利用式创新与企业绩效之间的关系进行了实证研究,着重考察了探索式创新、利用式创新的内部匹配关系以及这两类创新行为与企业战略和环境的外部匹配关系。结果表明,两类创新行为分别对企业绩效有直接的正向影响,两类创新行为之间的内部匹配对绩效无显著影响,两类创新行为与企业战略和环境竞争性的外部匹配关系对绩效有显著影响。