R&V非竞争性战略联盟:战略联盟的全新模式——基于绿盛集团和天畅公司的案例研究

R(reality现实)&V(virtuality虚拟)非竞争性战略联盟是将传统现实企业与虚拟网络企业纳入到同一联盟中,通过核心资源的嵌入式共享,实现两者的深度融合,从而使联盟各方获得共赢的全新战略联盟模式.通过绿盛-天畅R&V联盟案例的研究,对R&V非竞争性战略联盟的内涵、特点进行了阐述,并指出该战略联盟将在创新经济时代成为整合全球闲置资源,转变经济增长方式的全新商业模式.     

跨国公司专利垄断对我国企业的冲击

我国出口到英国、德国的DVD播放机以未交纳专利费为由,分别被当地海关扣押。以日立、松下、东芝、时代华纳等跨国公司组成的专利联合许可机构(也称6C联盟)要求我国DVD生产企业达成专利使用费交纳的协议,这已形成了专利垄断滥用。我国有关方面由于缺乏知识产权许可制度方面的专业知识和经验,被迫签订了协议,接受了跨国公司联盟的收费要求。由此,DVD的成本增高,而此时的国际市场销售价格却在下跌,使我国的DVD出口企业受到重创。这些不合理的专利垄断,对我国企业产品出口造成极大的冲击,我国有关部门及企业应多学学有关知识,减少出口产品的损失。     

专利联盟的累进创新效应研究

针对专利联盟在累进创新条件下对企业研发的影响,构建一个描述企业研发强度随已产生专利数量变动的动态博弈模型.在比较无联盟和有联盟两种情况下的专利竞争模型和马尔可夫完美均衡模式的基础上,得出联盟对企业各阶段均衡研发强度的影响,并进一步分析许可费和联盟规模对创新效应的影响.结果表明,联盟的存在解决了专利丛林问题,在联盟形成前各企业均衡投资水平逐渐提高,并在联盟形成后企业保持稳定的研发投资动机;许可费越高(低)被许可企业的均衡研发强度水平越低(高),且联盟存在一个最优许可费,使成员专利价值和研发强度达到最大化;规模较大的联盟对潜在成员的研发激励效果更持久,规模较小的联盟激励效果更强.     

R＆V非竞争性战略联盟：战略联盟的全新模式——基于绿盛集团和天畅公司的案例研究

R(reality现实)&V(virtuality虚拟)非竞争性战略联盟是将传统现实企业与虚拟网络企业纳入到同一联盟中,通过核心资源的嵌入式共享,实现两者的深度融合,从而使联盟各方获得共赢的全新战略联盟模式.通过绿盛-天畅R&V联盟案例的研究,对R&V非竞争性战略联盟的内涵、特点进行了阐述,并指出该战略联盟将在创新经济时代成为整合全球闲置资源,转变经济增长方式的全新商业模式.     

战略联盟企业间的和谐性分析与优化

联盟伙伴在合作过程中战略的不协同和文化的不融合是战略联盟失败的主要原因。以和谐理论为基础,运用和谐分析矩阵对企业战略联盟的现实和谐状态进行分析和评价,通过演化过程模型实现较理想的和谐状态。     

对企业战略联盟的持续性问题的探讨

近20～30年内,企业战略联盟迅猛发展,在快速增长的过程中,也暴露出各种各样的问题,联盟的不持续性一直维持在较高的水平上,成为学界和企业界关注的焦点。本文论述了战略联盟的形成动因及持续性问题进行,从战略目标和竞争地位、联盟类型和伙伴选择、联盟间的管理、企业文化融合和利益分 配等方面分析了影响联盟持续性的因素,并提出了加强企业战略联盟持续性的主要措施。     

中外企业合作的战略联盟特征与技术学习

战略联盟是企业获取或学习创新能力的一种重要的策略和组织形式, 中国的技术(密集) 型企业正试图通过战略联盟进入高新技术领域, 中外企业合作成为首选的方式. 本文将战略联盟区分为市场型和技术(开发) 型联盟, 中外企业联盟在很大程度上是市场联盟而不是技术联盟, 其技术学习首要的表现在管理、生产知识以及专业人才培训上的知识转移. 作为市场型联盟, 在技术(资金) 密集型产业中, 中外企业合作主要选择的联盟治理形式是股权联盟—— 合资. 这与国际战略联盟得出的一般性结论有根本区别, 这为理解发展中经济和发达经济     

基于博弈论的战略联盟利益分配

本文通过引入博弈论的纳什均衡理论,分析战略联盟的利益分配方案,建立n(n>2)个成员的战略联盟利益分配模型,并运用纳什均衡理论和数学规划理论,设立成员满意度指标系数,对建立的模型进行分析,得出基于满意度的不对称纳什均衡优化分配方案。     

企业动态联盟的关键要素分析

动态联盟或称敏捷虚拟企业(agilevirtualen-terprise,AVE),是一种全新型的企业组织形式。目前,国内外理论界对动态联盟(virtual enterprise,VE)尚未形成一个完全统一的定义,但动态联盟可以提高企业敏捷性、优化社会资源配置,这一点已被大家所共识。本文认为,企业动态联盟是指由两个或两个以上有着共同战略利益和可实现资源互补的企业为了实现一定的战略目标,通过各种协议、契约,在一定时期内形成的一种合作性的竞争组织。这种组织,合作各方仍然保持其生产经营的独立性,但通过合作改变了过去企业之间完全你死我活的输赢关系,形成了一种共赢…     

企业战略联盟的期权博弈分析

本文认为,企业建立战略联盟实质上是构建了一个战略投资的期权博弈实现方式,从而可以灵活应对高度不确定的市场环境和技术研发失败的风险.企业战略投资具有高度的不确定性、不可逆性及专用性,因此不能为了降低交易成本选择一体化在企业内部的治理方式,而应根据所能实现的期权博弈战略价值,选择较灵活的治理模式(如战略联盟),以最大化实现这类投资的战略期权价值.由联盟双方对联盟资产的估价而决定的联盟期权的"市场价格"和由联盟双方讨价能力决定的联盟期权的"执行价格"共同决定了联盟期权执行时的价值;联盟期权等待的灵活性价值与博弈占先战略价值相均衡之处决定了对联盟期权执行的最佳时机.     

皇甫江:剑舞人生

生意失败,可以到酒吧买醉,但你不能动刀动枪。但是这种快意的娱乐方式,曾经在美国牛仔时代有过,或者更远一点,在中国唐朝,那种在街头被叫做酒肆的地方有过。李白是那个时代买醉者中的一个。他在《少年行》中说过击筑饮美酒,剑歌易水湄。由他开始,     

Small Parts Aspiration, Ingestion, and Choking in Small Children: Findings of the Small Parts Research Project

Obtaining information on current child injury trends and their associated issues is an important factor in developing products that meet or surpass acceptable toy safety boundaries. Understanding these boundaries helps determine safe product design characteristics that reduce the risk of product-related injury. Inchcape Testing Services developed a Small Parts Aspiration, Ingestion, and Choking Hazards Research Project, independent of an ongoing consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) project. The project's purpose was to determine, independent of CPSC, whether a more stringent small parts regulatory standard was necessary and, if so, to ensure that the standard was determined objectively. This article reports on the project's findings relating to critical characteristics (size, shape, and consistency) relative to the victim's age, of objects responsible for child choking injuries and fatalities.     

基于专利数据测度我国技术能力的计量方法与模型研究

综述了应用专利数据测度技术能力的理论和方法的演化,并分析了专利数据计量技术能力的优缺点。通过引入专利数据,构建了专利数据计量我国技术能力的模型,并且进行了实证分析。利用单位检验、协整检验和效度检验等方法,建立误差修正模型,分析专利数据与技术能力的关系。结果表明,我国专利数据具有可靠的计量技术能力的功能,专利数据测度技术能力不仅存在长期的稳定性,而且短期内具有很好的均衡修正作用。     

Partners in new product development: SC Johnson and the alliance for environmental innovation

In the previous issue of CES (Winter 1999), SC Johnson's early efforts at integrating core business decisions with environmental concerns were explored by researchers at INFORM, Inc. By gaining upper management attention, explicitly aligning environmental concerns with key business goals, and designing consistency into the overall company management system, SC Johnson was able to “break down the green wall” in the organization.In this follow-up article, CES explores a recent effort between the Alliance for Environmental Innovation and SC Johnson to further integrate environmental decision making throughout the organization. The project focused on: (1) creating practical tools to identify environmental considerations at the earliest stages of new product development, and, (2) addressing consumers' environmental needs in the conception and marketing of “greener” products. The Alliance and SC Johnson formed a task force that included both staff members from the Alliance, as well as members of the environmental, product development, product safety and marketing staffs at SC Johnson. This unique partnership has aided SC Johnson by more directly linking consumer and company environmental objectives to the new product development process.     

Geographically Dispersed Technological Capability Building and MNC Innovative Performance: The Role of Intra-firm Flows of Newly Absorbed Knowledge

This study identifies key mechanisms linking multinationality with the knowledge advantages of multinational corporations (MNCs). These mechanisms are the absorption of new knowledge by one individual MNC unit and the subsequent flows of such newly absorbed knowledge to other geographically distant units of the same firm. The intra-MNC and inter-unit flows of such newly absorbed knowledge include exchanges between a parent and its overseas subsidiaries and those between subsidiaries. Through analyzing the U.S. patent data of the world's largest firms in the electrical equipment industry, our study shows that those two mechanisms are complementary in affecting MNC innovative performance. More notably, given the geographically dispersed new knowledge absorption within an MNC, only the flows of the newly absorbed knowledge between the parent and subsidiaries, in contrast to those between subsidiaries, are positively associated with MNC innovative performance. This study contributes to the MNC literature. Managerial implications are also discussed.     

Subsidiary-level determinants of global initiatives in multinational corporations

This article examines subsidiary-level factors that promote global initiatives in MNCs. Global initiatives are a key capability of MNCs that domestic firms do not possess, yet there has been little research on how MNCs promote initiatives on a global basis. I draw principally on the knowledge-based view to develop a model in which three subsidiary-level variables explain the propensity of the MNC to pursue global initiatives. These variables are: (1) inter-unit networking, (2) subsidiary learning from internal and external sources, (3) shared strategic goals. A survey of 118 subsidiary managers, triangulated with interviews with 20 key informants, provides support for the hypothesized effect of subsidiary learning and shared strategic goals on global initiatives. The result for inter-unit networking is less clear. These variables combine to activate initiatives within the MNC and thus act as a source of competitiveness on a worldwide basis. The results have important implications for MNC managers as well as for theory, and these are discussed.     

Integrated Approaches for the Public Health Prioritization of Foodborne and Zoonotic Pathogens

To address the persistent problems of foodborne and zoonotic disease, public health officials worldwide face difficult choices about how to best allocate limited resources and target interventions to reduce morbidity and mortality. Data‐driven approaches to informing these decisions have been developed in a number of countries. Integrated comparative frameworks generally share three methodological components: estimating incidence of acute illnesses, chronic sequelae, and mortality; attributing pathogen‐specific illnesses to foods; and calculating integrated measures of disease burden such as cost of illness, willingness to pay, and health‐adjusted life years (HALYs). To discuss the similarities and differences in these approaches, to seek consensus on principles, and to improve international collaboration, the E.U. MED‐VET‐NET and the U.S.‐based Food Safety Research Consortium organized an international conference convened in Berlin, Germany, on July 19–21, 2006. This article draws in part on the deliberations of the conference and discusses general principles, data needs, methodological issues and challenges, and future research needs pertinent to objective data‐driven analyses and their potential use for priority setting of foodborne and zoonotic pathogens in public health policy.     

What's Wrong with Hazard‐Ranking Systems? An Expository Note

Two commonly recommended principles for allocating risk management resources to remediate uncertain hazards are: (1) select a subset to maximize risk-reduction benefits (e.g., maximize the von Neumann-Morgenstern expected utility of the selected risk-reducing activities), and (2) assign priorities to risk-reducing opportunities and then select activities from the top of the priority list down until no more can be afforded. When different activities create uncertain but correlated risk reductions, as is often the case in practice, then these principles are inconsistent: priority scoring and ranking fails to maximize risk-reduction benefits. Real-world risk priority scoring systems used in homeland security and terrorism risk assessment, environmental risk management, information system vulnerability rating, business risk matrices, and many other important applications do not exploit correlations among risk-reducing opportunities or optimally diversify risk-reducing investments. As a result, they generally make suboptimal risk management recommendations. Applying portfolio optimization methods instead of risk prioritization ranking, rating, or scoring methods can achieve greater risk-reduction value for resources spent.     

含有图结构约束的稀疏最小方差资产组合模型

图结构是广泛用于描述生物学信息的一个重要方法。考虑到不同资产之间的相互影响作用,引入图结构来描述高维资产之间包含的信息,建立了一种基于图结构约束的最小方差资产组合模型,并且提供了一种有效的坐标下降优化算法。研究结果表明,基于图结构约束的资产组合模型在收益率、波动率和变量选取方面优于传统的资产组合模型,该模型对金融机构的投资决策有重要的实际意义。     

区间数互补判断矩阵的一致性及其排序研究

由于目前国内外文献对区间数互补判断矩阵的性质研究较少,从而使得对排序方法的相关研究缺乏理论依据.针对这些缺陷,本文研究了区间数互补判断矩阵的性质及其排序方法问题.根据区间数互补判断矩阵的定义,给出了区间数互补判断矩阵的一致性、严格强传递性与弱传递性等定义,并研究了一致性判断矩阵的性质,并说明这些性质更符合人们的思维特征.在一致性性质的基础上建立了区间数互补判断矩阵排序的非线性规划模型,算例分析表明该方法是有效可行的.