从“他者”到“群我”:城市化进程中随迁子女融入问题

中国"农民工"现象是城市化进程的产物。农民进城务工常态化,其随迁子女城市入学问题随之产生。由于中国社会长期沿袭的城乡二元分割文化体系及其以等级意识进行身份界定的社会心理支撑,使农民工子女城市就学存在制度障碍及跨文化适应障碍。开展社会机制建设,确保农民工合法权益,消除农民工及其子女面临的身份歧视,实现文化调试(跨文化适应)与文明融合,是促进农民工随迁子女学校融入与社区适应的规范路径。     

学龄农民工随迁子女城市认同感研究——以上海市为例

采用问卷调查法对上海市1626名学龄农民工随迁子女进行了调查。结果表明,农民工随迁子女城市认同感不高;与上海本地学生认同感差距较大;不同性别、年级的农民工随迁子女的城市认同感具有显著差异。必须培育并提高农民工随迁子女对城市的认同感,这样才能使其认同城市,并最终融入城市。     

农民工随迁子女后义务阶段群体分化研究

自20世纪90年代,进城务工的农村人员开始出现举家随迁的流动模式,农民工随迁子女群体也由此产生。随着时间的推移,这一群体在步入成年后,出现了内部较大差异的分化;但无论作为新生代农民工留驻城市或返乡就业、创业,都是当前国家战略发展所需的现代劳动力。对916位农民工随迁子女的研究发现,农民工随迁子女在完成其义务阶段教育后,能继续留驻流入地的人员超过了一半;完成义务阶段教育后去向不明的,多为社会特征水平偏低者;城市返乡农民工子女在家长特征水平上偏低。因此,应以国家宏观需求和个体微观分化的特征为立足点,对该群体后义务阶段的管理与教育作出思考。     

农民工随迁子女常见心理问题及对策分析

改革开放以后,我国的城市化进程加快,大量的农民工携带妻子、子女进城务工,进而产生了农民工随迁子女这一特殊群体。但由于种种原因,农民工随迁子女在城市的生活及学习过程中存在一些普遍的心理问题和矛盾。本文简要列举了农民工随迁子女常见的一些心理问题及主要表现,从制度、社会、学校、家庭以及个人等角度分析了产生心理问题的主要原因即影响因素,旨在提出一些保障和促进农民工随迁子女心理健康发展的对策。     

“有教无类”与“因材施教”思想在农民工随迁子女教育中的应用

孔子是我国古代著名的思想家教育家,他的"有教无类"提出的平等意识、平等教育主张是其教育思想体系中的教育对象论。"因材施教"、"学思并重"、"启发诱导"的高超的教学艺术则构成其教育的方法论。他的这些思想在我国经济迅猛发展的今天,也有其深远而现实的意义。随着我国的发展速度加快,人口的正常流动,农村劳动力向城市的转移,成为经济发展、社会进步的重要标志,也为一个城市经济发展提供了人力资源和消费带动力。但是,由于现阶段社会经济发展机制体制的不完善、城市化发展战略目标的不清晰以及新旧体制的不衔接等多方面原因,人口的大规模流动特别是大量农民工及其随迁子女快速进入城市,也给城市社会发展带来了一系列新问题、新压力、新挑战。农民工随迁子女的教育问题就是其中最具挑战性的重大社会问题之一。本文主要是对农民工随迁子女的受教育问题结合孔子"有教无类"和"因材施教"理论进行研究的。孔子"有教无类"和"因材施教"的理念,对当代教育不仅具有理论启发意义,而且具有重要的实践价值。我们要进行科学的评价和借鉴,并利用这些价值资源和思想要素,继续启发我们不断进行新的开拓。     

农民工子女人际交往与家庭支持

从人际交往的角度分析农民工子女与城市社会的关系,发现农民工子女同伴关系、师生关系以及亲子关系方面的特点及存在的问题。家庭通过经济支持、环境支持以及教育支持等多个方面,对子女人际交往产生不同程度的影响,良好的家庭支持能力对子女人际交往产生正面、积极的影响,反之亦然。因此,可以通过提高农民工家庭的支持能力促进农民工子女人际交往的发展,包括促进农民工家庭城市融入、提高农民工家庭的文化层次、建立和谐的亲子关系、加强对农民工子女人际交往的指导等。     

城市农民工随迁子女义务教育政策及其完善：以广东为例

文章分析了广东省农民工随迁子女义务教育改革政策和实施情况。广东省基本实现了农民工随迁子女“人人有书读”,但是,农民工随迁子女入读民办学校的比例依然较高,入读公办学校的歧视依然存在,民办学校的教育质量问题依然存在。农民工随迁子女义务教育问题不能彻底消除,根本原因是没有建立起农民工随迁子女义务教育经费的投入保障机制。     

随迁农民工子女心理健康问题研究

在城镇化进程不断推进的背景下,跟随农民工进城的子女规模也在不断扩大,随迁农民工子女的心理健康问题亟待关注。本文首先分析随迁农民工子女心理健康问题的现状,其次,从不同主体维度,试图总结出随迁农民工子女之所以产生心理健康问题的原因。最后针对原因,提出相应的解决对策。     

比较视域下父代流迁子女身份认同的影响因素研究——以陕西省西安市西八里村为例

农民工举家搬迁已经成为趋势之一,在陌生的城市中、陌生的生活习惯下,这些父代流迁子女自然会产生许多社会问题。本文探讨研究这一群体对迁入地身份认同的影响因素,旨在解决随迁子女的身体和心理上的问题,促使其健康成长。     

温州市大学生信仰基督教现状及对策

当前,大学生信仰基督教的现象比较突出。通过对温州市大学生的实证研究发现,大学生基督徒的数量有增长趋势;大学生基督徒的信仰受家庭因素和社会宗教环境的影响大,表现为接触和坚定信仰的时间早,信仰状态虔诚,参与宗教活动积极,受洗比例高;大学生基督教团契发达,数量多、规模大、组织严密规范、宗教活动活跃,大学生信徒的归属感强。高校应充分重视和正确对待大学生基督教信仰问题,积极进行疏导、管理和教育。     

Accuracy of the judgment of facial expression of emotions as a function of sex and level of education

The purpose of this study is to examine the recognition of facial expressions of six emotions as a function of sex and level of education (high school, college, university) of the subjects. Three hundred French-speaking citizens of Quebec had to judge which emotion was expressed in various facial stimuli presented on slides. Results show that overall, the recognition of emotions was very good. However, there were significant and strong differences between emotions and sex and levels of education did not have strong effects on the results.This research was supported by grant EQ-1717 from Fonds FCAC (Gouvernment du Quebec).     

浅析廊坊市加快科学发展的思路及措施

主要从思想建设、产业结构调整、城乡一体化方面探讨廊坊市抓住发展机遇,加快科学发展的思路。     

公用事业公有制的多种实现形式

分析了公用事业由国有独资经营向公有制多种实现形式转化必须把握好的几个方面。同时,政府应加强对公用事业的宏观控制力。     

Developing understanding of the idea of communities of learners

The idea of a community of learners is based on the premise that learning occurs as people participate in shared endeavors with others, with all playing active but often asymmetrical roles in sociocultural activity. This contrasts with models of learning that are based on one‐sided notions of learning— either that it occurs through transmission of knowledge from experts or acquisition of knowledge by novices, with the learner or the others (respectively) in a passive role. In this paper, I develop the distinction between the community of learners and one‐sided approaches from the perspective of a theory of learning as participation, and use two lines of research to illustrate the transitions in perspective necessary to understand the idea of communities of learners. One line of research examines differing models of teaching and learning employed by caregivers and toddlers from Guatemalan Mayan and middle‐class European‐American families; the other line of research involves a study of how middle‐class parents make a transition from their own schooling background to participate in instruction in a public US elementary school.     

The frequency of sexual abuse and depression in a sample of street children of one of deprived districts of Tehran

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of sexual abuse and depression among street children who live in a deprived district of Tehran. The researchers used the K-SADS questionnaire and a clinical interview were used to evaluate depression and sexual abuse in 87 street children in Tehran. Eighteen (20.9%) of the children had been sexually abused. Depressed children were 3.2 times more likely to be sexually abused than non-depressed children. Furthermore, 26 girls (86.7%) and 27 boys (48.2%) suffered from depression. The frequency of depression demonstrated a significant association with the father's or breadwinner's history of imprisonment or unemployment. Interventional programs providing education and support should be implemented for street children.     

劳动法视域下新生代农民工权利缺失问题

中国经济崛起和城市化进程过程中农民工的贡献有目共睹,城市让生活更美好的诱惑使得中国的新老两代农民工从农村流入城市,2008年1月1日的《劳动合同法》和《劳动争议调解仲裁法》让社会看到了改善农民工权利状况的希望,然而新生代农民工的权利保护尤其是作为一名劳动者的权利保护的现状依然不如人意,没有救济的权利不是真正的权利、迟来的正义是非正义,每年岁末对于农民工权益的突击性保障并不能从根本上解决问题,把包括农民工权益保障的社会问题纳入法治框架内、通过探析新生代农民工权利阙如问题及原因进而发现从制度层面进行解决才是解决农民工权益保障问题的根本途径。     

学龄儿童健康行为研究方法述评

学龄儿童健康行为研究越来越得到重视,在未来周期性的研究中也面临着在快速发展的背景下保持较高质量、在有限的财政资源情况下持续提高、使趋势分析与修改问卷内容相适应、满足科学受众和政策受众的不同要求等挑战,因此,完善其研究方法成为当前迫切需要。     

“吸毒人员未成年子女监护问题”研讨会综述

针对吸毒人员对其未成年子女的监护不力或监护缺失的现状，深入探讨了终止、剥夺乃至转移吸毒人员监护权的问题。涉及到监护权转移实践方面的问题，与会专家提出了临时监护人，短、长期寄养家庭，机构性质的儿童之家，儿童福利院等多种监护权转移方案。对一些存有疑义的问题，则是需要系统研究、统筹规划的新课题。     

Mobility of students and attractiveness of universities. The case of Sapienza University of Rome

Human mobility is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon. While labour migration has been widely and deeply investigated – through theoretical and empirical analysis – other forms of mobility have received much less attention. Students' mobility is a peculiar form of temporary movement that can be considered as neither migration nor tourism. It is rapidly growing: in the period 1975–2005 the number of tertiary education students abroad increased fourfold, from 0.61 million to 2.73 million, following the trend of the internationalization of economy and globalization of culture. In 2009 almost 3.7 million tertiary students were enrolled outside their country of origin, an increase of more than 6% from the previous year.

In this paper we analyse the international mobility of university students, using a unique data set built through surveys conducted at the Sapienza University of Rome. The data collected cover a rich array of information on students' characteristics and backgrounds, provenance places, family conditions, individual aspirations, and job preferences. The empirical analysis of those data offers an opportunity for understanding a relevant part of mobility decisions of (prospective) highly qualified workers. The Sapienza University, moreover, is at present the largest university in Europe for number of students and a pole of attraction for both European and non-European students. This allows us to enlarge our analysis at a global level.