面向流程的MRPⅡ与ISO9000结合模式

首先从管理理念的相似性、管理职能的互补性和实施的关联性角度说明MRPII与ISO9000结合的可能性和必要性,然后提出了以流程为结合点的结合模式,并在MRPII与ISO9000的几个主要流程及其特点分析的基础上,给出了MRPII与ISO9000结合的框架.     

浅析ISO 9000与流程管理

指出了ISO9000质量管理体系与业务流程管理(BPM)两者之间的关系,探讨了BPM是推动ISO9000持续改进的动力,列举了企业ISO9000与BPM结合的业务流程再造案例,说明组织在实施ISO9001标准,而未使用ISO9004指南标准时,流程管理是组织确保ISO9000质量管理体系得到持续改进的一种管理理论和方法。     

MRPII与JIT集成及其信息化研究

本文先讨论MRPII与JIT各自的原理和它们之间的比较,在这基础上再结合Jade ERP系统探讨MRPII与JIT的集成与信息化,将MRPII作为企业的计划系统,而用JIT作为计划的执行系统.提出了结合MRPII规划功能与JIT执行功能的混合式生产与配送系统,以及探讨了在两者集成中实施的问题.     

OLAP和DM在MRPII/ERP中的应用研究

本文针对传统MRPII/ERP系统在决策方面的不足,提出把联机分析处理和数据挖掘技术应用到传统MR-PII/ERP中去,以数据仓库作为企业底层的数据源,再配合以各种联机分析处理和数据挖掘技术,并结合MRPII/ERP的管理思想,正好做到取联机分析处理和数据挖掘在决策支持方面之长,补传统MRPII/ERP之短.同时,提出了智能制造资源计划(IMRPII)和智能企业资源计划(IERP)的系统模式,即IMRPII/IERP=MRPII/ERP+DW+OLAP+DM.并且针对MRPII中的预测功能,设计出了智能预测的方法.利用数据挖掘技术,动态地设置预测个体的预测权值,提高了定性预测的准确性和科学性.     

我国企业应用MRPII/ERP系统的几个问题

我国从国外引进MRPII/ERP系统软件已有近20年的历史,从我国企业推行MRPII/ERP的过程看,确有相当数量的企业取得了改革和管理创新的优异成果。从大量的调查资料中可以看出,企业广泛应用ERP系统确实需要下大气力,应从夯实基础管理入手,跨入企业信息化管理的快车道,从实际出发,以信息化带动各项管理工作的现代化。1.提高认识,将推行ERP提至企业现代化管理工作的核心位置。调查资料表明,95%以上的企业对于MRPII系统在加强企业基础管理中的贡献是肯定的。从厂长们对系统的满意程度看,认为MRPII虽然很难,但是投资是值得的,是花钱办实…     

ISO14000环境管理体系与森林生态质量管理

论述ISO14 0 0 0环境管理体系的产生 ,指出实施ISO14 0 0 0对森林生态系统管理的意义以及ISO14 0 0 0认证具体步骤和方法     

六西格玛与ISO9000质量管理体系的比较分析

本文通过对六西格玛与ISO9000质量管理体系的相同点和不同点的比较点的分析,同ISO9000和六西格玛虽然属于两类不现的质量管关键词理方法,但存在着很强的互补性。企业应在ISO9000质量体系现有的流程中,逐步引进六西格玛质量管理方法。     

轨道交通行业财务信息化问题与对策分析

财务信息化最早起源于美国企业里运用计算机辅助财务人员的设计思想,后来相继出现了会计电算化、MRPII等体现信息化思想的企业管理流程。随着经济的迅速发展,轨道交通行业财务信息化是当今市场经济发展的必然要求,近年来,交通行业事业单位进入了体制改革的关键阶段,其财务管理观念、模式、手段都面临着严峻的挑战,传统的财务信息化中存在的问题日益突出,对交通行业的财务信息化健全与完善已经成为轨道交通行业事业单位的当务之急。     

论作业成本法

<正>一、引言生产制造是企业的核心流程之一,成本核算则是影响到企业生产制造任务的完成水准的关键。随着企业IT技术的运用,MRPII、ERP、CIM、JIT等系统应用范围不断扩大,企业新制造环境逐渐形成。企业使用计算机管理信息系统来管理经营与生产,最大限度地发挥现有设备、资源、人、技术的作用,最大限度地产生企业经济效益,已成为制造     

六西格码与ISO9000的“兼容”

ISO9000为质量管理工作提供了一个基础平台,六西格玛管理法为组织带来了一个新的、垂直的质量管理方法体系。本文对六西格玛管理和ISO9000族标准作了简要的解析,并对六西格玛和ISO9000的主要区别及二者的联系进行了分析,在此基础上对如何把ISO9000和六西格玛管理方法有效地结合起来进行了探讨。     

The ISO 9000 international quality registration: An empirical analysis of implications for business firms

The purpose of this article is to explore managerial perceptions of ISO 9000 standards. Previous surveys found general agreement that ISO 9000 registration influenced supplier selection, improved customer satisfaction, and enhanced operating efficiency. The present survey of production managers in 212 U.S. locations gathered data related to the perceived impact of registration on their businesses. Data analysis suggests strong agreement with benefits provided by improved documentation, the use of ISO 9000 as a marketing tool and greater export potential as a result of implementing these standards. Respondents did not agree that ISO 9000 provides positive benefits in product development or reduces production time. Annual sales were included to determine if there is a difference in perceived impacts based on firm size. Managers of smaller firms held a stronger belief that ISO 9000 registration results in cost reduction and increases export potential than did large firm managers. Small firms with less well developed export connections may find ISO 9000 registration useful in helping to establish a reputation that will help make the necessary connections in the export markets. The improvements in documentation of products and process may highlight areas of potential production efficiencies and possible cost reductions.     

INTERNATIONAL DIFFUSION OF ISO 14000 CERTIFICATION

The ISO 9000 series of quality management systems standards and the more recent ISO 14000 environmental management systems standards have generated much controversy among practitioners. Although ISO 9000 has become a de facto requirement for many firms, its effects are poorly understood, and similarly the value and domain of applicability of ISO 14000 have been questioned. This paper reports on an exploratory study into the global spread of ISO 14000. We interviewed practitioners worldwide to identify factors that they believe explain differences between national ISO 14000 certification counts. We then collected quantititive data for these factors and, using regression analysis, we found that exports, environmental attitudes (combined with economic development), and ISO 9000 certification count were significant. The fact that ISO 9000 appears as an important factor explaining diffusion of ISO 14000 certifications suggests that the drivers behind the two have significant overlap. This indicates that, although ISO 14000 is an environmental standard, many of the factors driving national certification patterns are not at all environmental in nature, and that ISO 14000 therefore needs to be studied from a broader perspective than from a purely environmental point of view.     

WHY FIRMS SEEK ISO 9000 CERTIFICATION: REGULATORY COMPLIANCE OR COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE?

Proponents of iso 9000 certification claim that it is a low-cost signal of a firm's commitment to quality and a meaningful component of total quality management (TQM). Critics claim that it has little relation to TQM and is a tariff on international trade. We test the hypothesis that firms obtain ISO 9000 certification to comply with government and customer demands by estimating a probit model of the certification decision. The results support the view of proponents of ISO 9000. After controlling for regulatory and customer pressures to obtain ISO 9000, other factors related to quality management and quality-based competition explain the adoption decision.     

UNDERSTANDING THE IMPORTANT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE MALCOLM BALDRIGE NATIONAL QUALITY AWARD AND ISO 9000 REGISTRATION

Market globalization, higher requirements for improved quality, and tough, faster-pace, price-sensitive competition have led to two parallel and visible quality thrust: the Baldrige Award in the U.S. and, internationally, the ISO 9000 standards. The relationship between the Baldrige Award and ISO 9000 registration is widely confused. Two common misper-ceptions stand out: (1) that they both cover the same requirements and (2) that they both address improvement, relying on high quality results, and thus, are both forms of recognition. Many have concluded that the Baldrige Award and ISO 9000 are equivalent and that companies should choose one or the other. These conclusions are incorrect. The Baldrige Award and ISO 9000 registration differ fundamentally in focus, purpose, and content. The focus of the Baldrige Award is on enhanced competitiveness. The Award Criteria reflect two key competitiveness thrusts: (1) delivery of ever-improving value to customers and (2) improvement of overall operational performance. The Award's central purpose is educational-to encourage sharing knowledge and experience of competitiveness and to drive this learning, creating an evolving fund of knowledge. By contrast, the focus of ISO 9000 registration is on conformity to practices specified in the registrant's own quality systems. Its central purpose is to enhance and facilitate trade. The Baldrige Award addresses competitiveness factors either not addressed in ISO 9000 registration or addressed differently. These factors include a customer and market focus, results orientation, continuous improvement, competitive comparisons, a tie to business strategy, cycle time and responsiveness, integration via analysis, public responsibility, human resource development, and information sharing. Overall, ISO 9000 registration covers less than 10% of the scope of the Baldrige Award Criteria and does not fully address any of the 28 Criteria items. As a result, the national drive to improve competitiveness could be diminished. Companies required to or electing to seek ISO 9000 registration are encouraged to integrate their conformity efforts with the Baldrige Award competitiveness improvement framework.     

ISO 9000 and Public Organizations in Taiwan: Organizational Differences in Implementation Practices with Organization Size,Unionization and Service Types

An empirical study that utilizes a mailed survey to assess the initiatives and key factors of implementing ISO programs in various governmental departments in Taiwan was carried out. The results of this study identify five critical factors of successful ISO implementation in public organizations and show that the certification of ISO 9000 is seen as a tool for improving organizational images and creating the structures to integrate changed responsibilities for public organizations in Taiwan. The results also reveal differences in ISO 9000 implementation practices associated with organization size, unionization, and service types.     

敏捷竞争环境中TQM与ISO 9000标准比较研究

本文对全面质量管理TQM、ISO 9000质量管理保证标准和敏捷竞争进行了深入的对比分析，探讨敏捷竞争、TQM以及ISO 9000的融合机理，为敏捷竞争质量管理的实施提供思路和途径。     

The Influence of ISO 9000 Certification on Process Compliance

This article examines the influence of ISO 9000 certification on plant‐level process compliance, which arguably is its first‐order, targeted performance dimension. The empirical setting is the medical device manufacturing industry. Process compliance is measured through Food and Drug Administration inspections of manufacturing plants. We control for several observable factors that possibly affect process compliance by matching certified plants with non‐certified plants. Using longitudinal data, we find plants that obtained certification in the earlier diffusion period (early‐certified plants) tend to have significantly better process compliance than a matched, non‐certified control group of plants. The compliance difference between early‐certified plants and their matched control group is greater than the compliance difference between late‐certified plants and their matched control group. We also find deterioration in process compliance over time after certification. Because we capture longitudinally the first‐order effects of ISO 9000 on process compliance, this study provides a useful baseline for assessing causality in ISO 9000‐performance linkages. Also, we explain, in part, the inconsistencies observed in related ISO 9000 literature examining the performance effects of certification. Further, this research offers managerial insights on the dynamics of certification and process compliance with time, and highlights the need for continued vigilance post certification.     

Murgo Farms Inc.: HACCP,ISO 9000, and ISO 14000

Murgo Farms Inc., addresses the challenge of choosing between the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP), International Organization of Standardization (ISO) 9000, and ISO 14000 systems for a business with grain farming, elevator and spraying enterprises. Murgo has recently entered markets that are more quality oriented and wishes to expand its activities in those markets. The President wonders whether HACCP or ISO 9000 might help that expansion. However, the company is also faced with significant environmental risks due to its spraying and manure spreading activities and its proximity to a local municipal water source. There are good reasons for Murgo to consider each of the systems, but there is also the question of whether the benefits for implementing any system are sufficient to do so immediately.     

LEAN AND GREEN? AN EMPIRICAL EXAMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEAN PRODUCTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE

Lean production may have a significant public good spillover—improved environmental performance. However, empirical evidence of the link between lean production practices and environmental performance has not resolved the nature of the relationship. To explore this issue, we conduct an empirical analysis of the environmental performance of 17,499 U.S. manufacturing establishments during the time period 1991–1996. We find that those establishments that adopt the quality management standard ISO 9000 are more likely to adopt the environmental management standard ISO 14000. We also find strong evidence that lean production, as measured by ISO 9000 adoption and low chemical inventories, is complementary to waste reduction and pollution reduction.     

Response to “Revisiting ISO 14000 Diffusion: A New ”Look“ at the Drivers of Certification”

In Corbett and Kirsch (2001), we used a simple regression in an exploratory investigation of drivers of global diffusion of ISO 14000 certification. We found that ISO 9000 certification levels, environmental treaties ratified, and exports as a proportion of GDP were the main significant variables, where the environmental measure may be moderated by GDP per capita. In his replication study, Vastag (2004, in this issue) analyzes the same data using more visual techniques, specifically regression trees, and finds support for the significance of ISO 9000 certification levels and environmental treaties ratified, but not for export‐propensity. Vastag raises a number of relevant methodological issues, to which we add some perspectives here.