家长式领导对高管团队有效性的影响机制研究:以团队凝聚力为中介变量

本文通过对108家中国企业的高管团队问卷调查所获得的数据的分析,探讨了CEO的家长式领导对高管团队有效性的影响机制,结果表明:仁慈领导和德行领导对团队有效性有显著的积极影响,威权领导对团队有效性有显著的消极影响;团队凝聚力起到了部分中介的作用,威权领导通过降低团队凝聚力对团队有效性产生负面影响.     

家长式领导对组织学习的作用——基于家长式领导三元理论的观点

基于家长式领导三元理论的观点,研究了家长式领导与组织学习的关系.通过问卷调查获得711份有效问卷.层次回归分析结果显示:仁慈领导对组织学习的6个维度都有显著的积极影响;除开发式学习外,德行领导对组织学习的其他5个维度都有显著的积极影响;威权领导对团体学习、组织层学习、组织间学习和利用式学习4个维度都有显著的积极影响;仁慈领导和威权领导对开发式学习和利用式学习都有显著的交互作用,德行领导和威权领导对利用式学习有显著的交互作用.这些结果启发我国企业领导者需要表现出高仁慈、高德行和一定水平威权的领导风格.     

三元家长式领导模式下员工创新行为研究

根植于本土文化的家长式领导对员工创新行为具有更强的解释性。家长式领导包括威权领导、仁慈领导、德行领导三个维度。分析对家长式领导影响员工创新行为的双重作用机制,可以发现:仁慈领导和德行领导直接或间接正向影响创新行为,威权领导直接或间接负向影响创新行为。为此,领导者应及时调整领导策略,加强仁慈领导和德行领导,减少威权领导,并积极发挥不同领导方式之间的交互作用,通过心理授权提升创新绩效。     

基于家长式领导三元理论的领导方式对员工创新行为的影响

通过对312名企业员工问卷调查所获得的数据进行分析,探讨中国情境下仁慈领导、德行领导和威权领导3种家长式领导型态对员工创新行为的直接、交互和中介影响机制。研究表明,仁慈领导、德行领导对员工创新行为皆有显著正向影响,威权领导对员工创新行为有显著负向影响;德行领导与仁慈领导对员工创新行为产生正向交互作用;心理授权在仁慈领导、德行领导对员工创新行为的影响中发挥部分中介效应,在威权领导对员工创新行为的影响中发挥完全中介效应。     

组织支持感中介作用下的家长式领导对员工工作疏离感的影响

以195名员工为被试,探讨了家长式领导的3个维度,即仁慈领导、德行领导与威权领导对员工工作疏离感的影响及其作用机制。研究表明,仁慈领导对员工工作疏离感有显著的负向影响,德行领导对员工工作疏离感的影响不显著,威权领导对员工工作疏离感有显著的正向影响;组织支持感在仁慈领导与员工工作疏离感之间起完全中介作用,在威权领导与员工工作疏离感之间起部分中介作用。     

家长式领导对高层管理团队成员创造力的作用机制研究

基于对57个高科技企业高层管理团队中的配对数据分析,对家长式领导行为、心理授权、权力距离和集体主义价值观影响高层管理团队成员创造力的方式进行探究。研究发现,CEO的家长式领导行为对团队成员创造力具有显著的正向影响,团队成员的心理授权在其中起完全中介作用。此外,家长式领导对不同价值取向的团队成员的心理授权产生了不同的影响,即团队成员的权力距离取向越高,或者集体主义取向越高,威权领导对其心理授权的负向影响越弱;团队成员的集体主义取向越高,仁慈领导对其心理授权的正向影响越弱。     

家长式领导对员工不道德亲组织行为的影响研究

通过两个时间段对260名企业员工进行问卷调查,探讨家长式领导与员工不道德亲组织行为之间的关系,以及上下级关系在两者关系中的调节作用。结果表明,威权领导和仁慈领导分别对员工不道德亲组织行为产生正向影响,德行领导对员工不道德亲组织行为产生负向影响。此外,上下级关系在威权领导、德行领导与员工不道德亲组织行为之间起到了强化的调节作用。     

变革型领导与家长式领导对员工工作满意度的影响比较研究

本研究在便利和滚雪球抽样原则下,通过问卷调查法获取所需数据。首先通过Cronbach一致性系数分析法和验证性因子分析法检验各量表的信度、效度,然后用相关分析法分别探讨变革型领导和家长式领导与工作满意度间的相互关系,最后运用层次回归分析方法,比较变革型领导和家长式领导对员工工作满意度影响的异同。结果表明,变革型领导各维度及家长式领导的仁慈领导和德行领导两个维度与工作满意度间的相关关系显著,而家长式领导的威权领导维度与工作满意度间的相关关系不显著,并且企业基层管理者的变革型领导方式对员工工作满意度的影响效果更显著。     

价值理性视角下家长式领导与新生代员工反生产行为关系研究

家长式领导具体表现为威权领导、仁慈领导和德行领导,其均会对新生代员工反生产行为产生影响。抑制新生代员工反生产行为,需要合理转换领导风格,提高领导效能;关注新生代员工动态,精准实施仁慈领导;构建有效管理机制,营造公平企业氛围;培养领导榜样意识,促进德行领导效应最大化。     

自我概念视角下家长式领导对员工沉默的影响机制研究

以员工自我概念为视角,结合自我一致性理论,可构建家长式领导-组织自尊-员工沉默的理论模型。研究表明:组织自尊对员工沉默行为有负向影响;仁慈领导和德行领导对员工沉默行为有显著负向影响,而威权领导则对其有正向影响;组织自尊在威权领导与员工沉默之间存在部分中介效应,在仁慈、德行领导与员工沉默之间存在完全中介效应。由此,可采取如下管理措施:合理调整领导风格,提高领导效能;建立良好的沟通反馈机制,提高员工组织自尊水平;加强对员工的培训和教育,增强领导对员工自我概念的敏感度。     

Do transformational CEOs always make the difference? The role of TMT feedback seeking behavior

In the present paper, we raise the question whether CEO transformational leadership invariably makes a difference for team performance and change effectiveness. Since in general, CEOs are surrounded by a team of highly influential top managers, we argue that the effectiveness of CEO transformational leadership is contingent on the feedback seeking behavior of their top management team (TMT). Data from 38 TMTs and their CEOs demonstrated that transformational leadership was positively related to both TMT performance and effectiveness of organizational change, but only when the TMT engaged in low levels of feedback seeking behavior. As predicted, there was no relationship between CEO transformational leadership and performance and change effectiveness for teams exhibiting high levels of feedback seeking behavior. These findings suggest that for high-feedback seeking TMTs, organizational results can be achieved without a transformational CEO.     

The role of CEO emotional stability and team heterogeneity in shaping the top management team affective tone and firm performance relationship

In this paper, we aim to bridge the micro-macro divide by addressing continued calls from strategic leadership and affect researchers to examine the black box to consider how CEO characteristics relate to top management team (TMT) affective experiences, and, in turn firm outcomes. We further consider the role of one key contextual factor in this relationship: TMT heterogeneity. We predict that CEO personality, specifically, emotional stability, is positively associated with TMT affective tone. Moreover, we posit that the relationship between TMT affective tone and firm performance depends on TMT task-related heterogeneity, such that positive affective tone benefits firm performance in heterogeneous TMTs, whereas negative affective tone benefits firm performance in homogeneous TMTs. Using a novel methodology that measures key psychological aspects of the CEO and TMT, we examined 50 TMTs from publicly-traded companies to test our predictions. Our findings offer theoretical contributions to the strategic leadership, affect and diversity literatures as well as managerial applications for CEO selection and management and managing diversity in upper echelons.     

Top Management Team Members’ Decision Influence and Cooperative Behaviour: An Empirical Study in the Information Technology Industry

Organizational leadership is generally distributed between the chief executive officer (CEO) and the top management team (TMT) members. Building on this observation, we present an empirical investigation of the cues for CEOs to delegate decision‐making influence to particular TMT members. In the literature, explanations both based on expertise and driven by similarity are described. In this study, we reconcile both explanations by examining the moderating role of the TMT's level of ‘cooperative behaviour’ (collaboration and information exchange). We analyse when and in what circumstances TMT members’ expertise and similarity to the CEO regarding his/her functional background and/or locus‐of‐control predict their decision‐making influence. We postulate that TMT cooperative behaviour will advance the effect of expertise on TMT members’ decision influence but impede the effect of similarity to the CEO. Our hypotheses are tested on a data set of 135 TMT members from 32 Dutch and Belgian information technology firms. Overall, we find that our proposed research model is confirmed for technology‐oriented decisions. Furthermore, we draw exploratory conclusions about the effect of TMT cooperative behaviour on the systematic distribution of decision influence in TMTs.     

Emotionally intelligent top management and high family firm performance: Evidence from Germany

Executives in family firms are often confronted with emotionally loaded issues, in part due to the need to include the interests of the owning family. Given this context, we hypothesize how high family-firm performance is affected by the emotional intelligence (EI) of a family-based CEO and top-management team (TMT), in addition to the CEO's transformational leadership (TFL) and TMT's behavioral integration. Survey measures were taken from a random sample of 72 CEOs of German family firms and 245 members of their TMTs. We found that TMT behavioral integration mediates between CEO TFL and objective firm performance while CEO EI is significantly related to both CEO TFL and TMT EI. Implications are discussed for future research thereby suggesting an extension to upper-echelon theory.     

Benefiting from CEO's empowerment of TMTs: Does CEO–TMT dissimilarity matter?

This study examines empowering leadership from an upper echelons perspective by focusing on top management teams (TMTs) and considering the demographic dissimilarities between the CEO and other TMT members. Data from a multisource survey of 129 Chinese firms demonstrate the importance of the fit between the backgrounds of the leader and the TMT members. Although empowerment of TMTs by CEOs predicts superior organizational performance in general, the findings show that this practice is most beneficial when the CEO and the TMT members differ in their informational demographics but have a longer tenure overlap. If either dissimilarity in informational demographics or tenure overlap is lacking, the CEO's empowerment of the TMT has a less positive effect on firm performance. Essentially, a three-way interaction is demonstrated. Introducing boundary conditions for the empowerment of TMTs by CEOs and testing their interactive influence broadens our understanding of how CEO leadership style can affect organizational performance, and refines the guidance for practitioners on TMT management.     

CEO–TMT exchange,TMT personality composition,and decision quality: The mediating role of TMT psychological empowerment

This research draws on the upper-echelons perspective to examine the effects of CEO–top management team (TMT) exchange quality and TMT personality composition on decision quality through the mediation of TMT psychological empowerment. Using survey data from more than 700 executives in 210 firms in a Middle Eastern country and adopting a split-data approach, we find that CEO–TMT exchange quality can advance TMT psychological empowerment. We also find that TMT neuroticism has a negative effect on TMT psychological empowerment, while TMT conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and openness have positive effects. Moreover, TMT psychological empowerment plays a mediating role in linking CEO–TMT exchange quality and TMT personality composition with decision quality. Our research contributes to the upper-echelons, leader–member exchange (LMX), and decision-making literature by drawing attention to the social dynamics between CEO and TMT members, as well as the psychological characteristics and psychological states of TMT members, and their implications for strategic decisions.     

Ambidexterity in family firms: The interplay between family influences within and beyond the executive suite

Ambidexterity commonly refers to the simultaneous pursuit of exploration and exploitation and may be particularly beneficial for family firms. In this study, we investigate how family CEO and top management team (TMT) family affiliation influence ambidexterity. In addition, we consider the role of family ownership dispersion and how it impacts the ability of the top managers of family firms to foster ambidexterity. We test our hypotheses on a unique dataset combining archival and multiple respondent survey data of 167 German family firms. Our results shed light on conditions under which family-led leadership can pursue ambidexterity.     

How Much do CEOs and Top Managers Matter in Strategic Decision‐Making?

This research note explores the influence of both CEO and top-management team (TMT) characteristics on the process of making strategic decisions (SDs). Empirical testing is based on a sample of 70 SDs in industrial enterprises operating in Greece, using a combination of interviews, questionnaires and archival data. The results suggest that (a) the characteristics of both the TMT and the CEO influenced the strategic decision-making process, but the former had more influence, (b) the TMT and CEO influenced different dimensions of the process, and (c) the broader context of SDs is more influential than either the CEO or the TMT. Among the most important factors was the TMT's 'aggressiveness' (commitment to beating the competition, attitude to innovation, willingness to take risks). The results lend support to the 'upper echelons' perspective, but suggest that in studying strategic decision-making processes both CEO and TMT characteristics should be considered, in conjunction with the broader context. Such an approach should provide a more reliable view of strategic processes and their evolving dynamics.     

CEO grandiose narcissism and firm performance: The role of organizational identification

This study reconciles the positive and negative sides of CEO grandiose narcissism by examining the role that CEO organizational identification plays in moderating the effect of CEO grandiose narcissism on top management team (TMT) behavioral integration. We first distinguish between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism and we then draw on upper echelons theory and executive personality research to hypothesize and test a model in which CEO grandiose narcissism is positively related to TMT behavioral integration when CEOs are high in organizational identification. The relationship is expected to be negative when CEOs do not identify strongly with their organizations. TMT behavioral integration, in turn, predicts subsequent firm performance. Findings based on multi-source data from a sample of 97 CEOs and their firms supported the hypotheses. These results highlight the complex nature of CEO grandiose narcissism – namely, that the construct has both positive and negative aspects as it relates to top management team dynamics and firm performance and that the relationship is affected by CEOs' identification with their organizations.