未成年犯社区矫正的几点思考

对未成年犯进行社区矫正,是近年来世界各国刑罚执行制度的一个发展趋势。目前。在我国社区矫正试点工作中,罪行轻微、主观恶性不大的未成年犯罪人被确定为社区矫正的重点对象之一。对未成年犯进行社区矫正,有利于对未成年犯的再社会化,能够有效地克服对未成年犯监禁刑罚的弊端,有利于合理配置未成年犯行刑资源.我国未成年犯社区矫正的。实践刚刚开始,推进试点工作首先应当着力于相关法律的完善,其次,各地在试点工作中还应当选择适合未成年犯特点的社区矫正项目。     

Working with Sex Offenders: A Social Skills Training Group

Summary The paper presents an account of a group of sex offenders ina local prison. Nine sessions of social skills training weregiven with the aim of facilitating relationships within theprison and possibly after release.     

Community Reentry and Older Adult Offenders: Redefining Social Work Roles

The number of older adults in US prisons continues to rise. In 2002, adults ages 50 and older made up 8% of the US prison population, up from 4% a decade prior. Many older offenders are released to communities that are poorly equipped to meet their special needs. and largely unprepared for the social and fiscal costs of their reentry. The focus of gerontological social work education on the returning older adult offender has been limited. This article examines social work roles in the community reentry/reintegration of older adult offenders. Best practices from the gerontological social work literature are presented and implications for social work practice are discussed.     

社区服刑人员生活适应状况研究

本文以对河北省某市166名社区服刑人员调查数据为依据,从居住情况、经济收入和人际交往三个方面描述了社区服刑人员的生活适应状况.同时,用六个变量分别与该三个方面做交叉表并进行卡方检验,发现文化程度、婚姻状况、有无服刑经历和户籍对社区服刑人的生活适应有影响,性别与年龄没有影响社区服刑人员的生活适应.     

Constitutions and Public Support for Welfare Policies*

Objectives. This research explores how constitutional designs affect a cross‐national gap in public support for welfare policies. We contend that the constitution's statements regarding the citizens' right to receive welfare services constrain elite discourse on social welfare, which in turn exerts a strong influence on the level of mass support for and ambivalence over welfare policies. Methods. Survey data from 15 consolidated democracies merged with country‐level data are analyzed using a hierarchical linear model. Results. Empirical analysis shows that citizens residing in countries with a more liberal constitution show more supportive and less ambivalent attitudes toward welfare policies. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that the political principles reflected in national constitutions explain the cross‐national gap in mass support for welfare policies.     

Parallel Processes in a Training and Supervision Group for Counsellors Working with Adolescent Sex Offenders

This paper discusses four parallel processes in a sex offenders' counsellors training and supervision group. Two of them, feelings of isolation and proclamations of boredom, were similar responses to similar stimuli: the first, to the stigma that adheres both to the sexual offense and to the professional work with the offenders, the second to anxieties that derived from a similar technique used in both groups. The other two involve the counsellors' displacement of feelings they had in and about the offenders' groups to their own training and supervisory groups. Both of these involved issues-responsibility and self-control that are particularly salient in work with sex offenders. The discussion suggests that parallel processes emerge with great frequency in work with sex offenders because of the stresses of the work and the issues that are highlighted in it.     

Public Perceptions of Risk and Preference-Based Values of Safety

This article reports the results of two studies aimed at estimating preference-based values of safety in three contexts—namely rail, domestic fires and fires in public places—relative to the corresponding value for roads using matching (or equivalence) questions. In addition, both studies included a variety of questions intended to shed light on respondents' perceptions of risk and attitudes to safety in the various contexts. While the two studies were, to all intents and purposes, identical in the procedure that they employed, the essential difference between them was that the first study took place in late 1998, whereas the second study was carried out in early 2000 in the aftermath of a major rail accident at Ladbroke Grove near London's Paddington station which occurred in October 1999 and in which 29 passengers and 2 train drivers died. In addition, the second study sample was deliberately weighted to contain an above-average proportion of regular rail users. These studies demonstrated how certain factors which have been shown to affect people's perception of risk (see Slovic, P. (1992). In S. Krimsky and D. Golding (eds.), Social Theories of Risk, Westport, CT: Praeger, pp. 117–152) also affected our respondents' priorities over safety programs. The results also showed however, that the impact of these perceptions upon the trade-offs between preventing deaths in different hazard contexts was a good deal less pronounced than has been suggested by the value differentials that are currently implicit—and in some cases, explicit—in public policy making.     

收入差距、不平等感知与公众容忍度

本文辨析和检验了收入不平等的两种表现形式及其对公众容忍度的影响效应。研究结果显示，客观收入差距对公众容忍度并无直接影响，而感知的收入差距越大，对不平等的厌恶倾向越明显。但客观差距大并不意味着个体感知到的差距大，感知偏差及情境分割效应的存在，区县而非省级、时下而非过往的收入差距状况更易为个体所捕捉和感知，进而对其容忍度产生间接影响，且这种情境传导效应及对客观差距的感知程度在不同群体间有明显差异。这一结果为我们理解过大收入差距与较高容忍度共存的反差现象提供了基于分配结构异质性的观察视角和情境反应在地化的经验解释。     

Public Policies and Services for the Aged in Japan

No abstract available for this article.     

Public Policies and Services for the Aged in Japan

No abstract available for this article.     

Asian Carers' Perceptions of Care Assessment and Support in the Community

Within a study of the use of carer assessment forms, Asian carerswere given the opportunity to describe and comment on theirperceptions and experiences of community care assessment andsupport. Although their confidence in community care workerswas not exclusively related to ethnicity, they relied a greatdeal on semi-informal contacts with minority ethnic workersthrough their own local communities. The concept of ‘friendship’with professionals was important to many Asian carers. In commonwith the findings of other carer studies, many Asian carerswere uncertain about their experience of formal assessment andunclear about their entitlements and availability of communitycare support. ‘Outreach’ contact and ‘befriending’support was greatly appreciated. Day-care and sitting supportwere seen as a priority for formal services. Apart from contactwith general practitioners, there was limited awareness or experienceof community health-care support. Most of these Asian carerswere involved with carer support groups. They spoke of the benefitsin terms of social interaction and mutual support, counteractingfeelings of isolation, and access to information and formalsupport.     

利益群体在公共政策中的作用及其发展导向

利益群体作为政治体系中不可或缺的组成要素之一,它的存在是一种由来已久的政治现象。而且,伴随着社会政治与经济的发展,以利益作为维系其纽带的利益群体也得到了极大的发展。由于社会制度与国情的不同,我国的利益群体与西方的利益群体存在着相对程度上的不同,本文拟从这一视角出发,分析我国的利益群体存在的现状和特征,重点考察我国利益群体在公共政策中的作用,并在此基础上提出了进一步发展与强化我国利益群体功能作用的思路。     

Public Opinion About Prostitution and Measures to Prevent It

A survey of attitudes toward prostitution in Russia shows no support for legalization or state regulation, and respondents support continued criminalization. Prostitution is perceived to be increasing, and Russia's economic problems are expected to lead to the continuation of that trend.     

Retrenchment, Expansion and the Transformation of Mexican Social Protection Policies

Social protection policies in Mexico have been transformed since 1988 through partial retrenchment of social insurance and significant expansion of targeted or means-tested social assistance. These changes reflect a substantial redefinition of social protection through incremental changes in policy. The changes reflect the abandonment of the goal of developing an employment-based, universal welfare regime, which had been pursued by Mexican governments as late as the 1970s. Instead, recent administrations have moved towards the redefinition of Mexico's welfare regime into a residual, means-tested model with significant private provision of benefits and services. This shift in social protection is consistent with the change in Mexico's overall economic development strategy and increasing political competition in the process of democratization.     

国外农业发展的公共政策与启示

农业是关系国计民生的大问题,如何保障农业发展,公共政策系统起着至关重要的作用。正因为公共政策显得如此重要,世界各国尤的是大国其政治和经济体系已经发展了一种精细而复杂的公共政策,以推动农业发展。国外的许多经验对于我们解决农业问题有借鉴作用。     

Beliefs About Affirmative Action and Diversity and Their Relationship to Support for Hiring Policies

Two hundred seventy-three White undergraduates participated in an investigation of how beliefs relate to support for affirmative action (AA) policies. Beliefs included belief in the fairness of AA, belief in merit, and belief in the value of diversity. Analyses predicted support for a general affirmative action policy, a tiebreak policy, and a policy using banding from beliefs and individual-level variables such as future benefit from AA and demographics. For the general policy, each belief predicted support for AA. Fairness and value of diversity predicted support for a tiebreak policy. Value of diversity predicted support for aptitude testing. Individual characteristics improved prediction for AA in general but not for tiebreak policy or aptitude testing. We discuss predictions and results in terms of procedural and distributive justice, fairness heuristic theory, and models of support for AA.