If Love Then Justice

Love belongs to the personal realm, while justice belongs to the public. Love originated evolutionarily in the subjective parent-child relationship. Justice originated in the objective perception of our social relationships. Both concepts have deep roots in our feelings. Although justice and love are interdependent, love is a prerequisite to justice. Most of those who love would behave justly to their loved ones, but not vice versa. Laws and norms try unsuccessfully to enhance love among us. However, they would hardly attain justice. With love we do not need laws or armies. Justice would necessarily prevail, and much more. Intuitively and psychologically, love is more basic than justice for our existence. Research shows that in our pursuit of happiness, love plays a central role, while justice does not. For many, love is also a goal of our existence.
"The long demand for justice exhausts the love which nevertheless gave it birth." (source unknown)     

The Meaning of Work and Love: Career Issues and Interventions

Examining concepts about work and love can help people increase their career success and life satisfaction. Career counselors may initiate this examination by eliciting clients' concepts about work and love. After hearing a client's ideas about work and love, counselors can compare this personal meaning to the social meaning of work and love. When this comparison reveals dysfunctional beliefs about work and love, counselors can link these beliefs to their client's career concerns. Such a linkage typically provokes a cognitive dissonance that motivates clients to modify their beliefs. Counselors can facilitate meaning modification by using client-centered and social influence techniques.     

Passionate and Companionate Love in Courting and Young Married Couples

Sociological and social psychological discourse on love posits the existence of two distinct love types: passionate and companionate love. Little research, however, has been conducted to document the presumed theoretical differences between these two varieties of love. The primary purpose of this study was to examine empirically the extent to which passionate and companionate love differ on three major dimensions. Passionate love, to a greater degree than companionate love, was hypothesized (1) to be sexualized, (2) to be associated with intense positive and negative emotional experiences, and (3) to decline with the passage of time. These hypotheses were tested with data collected from a sample of 197 couples representing different stages of the courtship process and transition to marriage. Support was found for the first and third hypotheses; however, little support was found for the second. The degree to which passionate and companionate love were related to satisfaction and commitment were also examined. Passionate and companionate love were associated with satisfaction and commitment, although companionate love was more highly associated than passionate love with satisfaction.     

How Do You Love Me? Let Me Count the Ways (The Phenomenology of Being Loved)

The author establishes several criteria which in our culture are used by an individual to determine whether another person loves him/her. Three conditions necessary for the perception of love are elaborated and shown to entail several logical and psychological inconsistencies. It is suggested that our society, while emphasizing the importance of being loved, defines love so as to mitigate against it being perceived.     

Effects of Love Styles on Marital Satisfaction in Heterosexual Couples: A Dyadic Approach

The main objective of this study was to test Actor-Partner Interdependence Models (APIM) describing the relationship between wives' and husbands' love styles and marital satisfaction within heterosexual couples (n=146 couples). Love styles (i.e., Eros, Ludus, Storge, Mania, Pragma, Agape) were set out in Lee's theory of love, which defines love as an attitude, meaning a predisposition to think, feel, and behave toward one's partner. Six APIMs representing each love style were tested using a path analysis procedure. Length of marriage and wives' and husbands' depressive moods were entered into the models as control variables. The results revealed that among the love styles, only Eros contributed to marital satisfaction for both men and women. However, our results showed that wives' Eros style had a positive impact on husbands' marital satisfaction, whereas husbands' Eros style did not influence wives' marital satisfaction.     

An Brief ofthe American Female's View of Love from Gone with the Wind

Flowery women and the world is picturesque. The beautiful of women decorate the world and make the world become nice. However, the woman always be considered as the accessory of the man and the status of women cannot compare with men. There are variance cultures in different countries, and they make different influences to people's idea. This paper will analyze American female's view of love through two modes of America marriage family and two typical characteristics of American women. In America, parents always teaching their children try to make friends with the opposite sex when those children were young. Make children touch love very early is for that they can understand what love is and how to see it more clearly. So most American could keep calm when their love appear problems.     

Effects of Love and Liking in Premarital Dyads

Abstract

Rubin's love-liking scale (1970) is used to investigate the role of love (a concept specific to the Western world's romantic sentiment complex) and liking (a more general concept relating to bases of interpersonal attraction other than love) in premarital dyadic processes. Reinforcement theory (Miller and Siegel, 1972) is used to formulate hypotheses of four kinds of effects of love and liking: (1) Effects on stage of relationship and break-up of it. (2) Subjective effects, i.e., effects of loving and liking one's dating partner in terms of happiness, tension, and communicative agreement. (3) Synergic effects, i.e., effects of being loved and being liked in terms of the same variables. (4) Mutuality, the degree to which loving and liking and other feelings are reciprocated between partners. Love was found related to dating stage for both sexes but not related to break-up for either sex. Liking was found to be related to both dating stage and break-up for males but not for females. Neither subjective nor synergic effects were found for love, but both effects were found for liking. Mutuality was found for happiness and tension but not for love or liking. It was concluded that love is not dependent on reinforcement principles but that liking is. Futher discussion on detailed aspects is offered.     

Shifting Skins: Love and Breakdown

This article extends psychoanalytic theories of “holding” and “psychic skin” to examine the containing function of romantic love. It argues that love can function to organize our inner world, helping our lives feel coherent and protecting us from what feels externally threatening, whether projected elements of our own psyches, the risk of breakdown, or true dangers existing in reality. The containing function of love is looked at through instances where it fails, and loss of love precipitates psychic disintegration. Through clinical examples and studies of two novels, Elena Ferrante’s Days of Abandonment and Doris Lessing’s The Golden Notebook, this article proposes that living and loving without illusions of certainty opens possibilities for integrated love with whole and imperfect objects.     

Decline of Real Love and Rise of Virtual Love: Love in Asia

In Japan, marriage rates have declined since 1980, and interest in romantic relationships has declined in the 21st century. This article shows, mainly based on the official statistics and surveys, that (i) people in contemporary Japanese society have become less willing to get married or even date; (ii) various forms of virtual love have emerged; and (iii) they have spread in East Asian countries in general. Marriage stems from romantic relationships. Simultaneously, it brings with it new economic life. In Japan and other East Asian countries there is an unwritten norm that marriage should be part of economic life. Therefore, satisfying romantic emotions outside real love and marriage is accepted.     

The Roles of Love and Happiness in Divorce Decision Making

Little is known about divorce decision making, the process of deciding whether to divorce when a marriage is distressed. The focus of this qualitative study was to explore the roles of love and happiness—two Western ideals that govern contemporary marital processes—in divorce decision making. Married participants (N = 30) with recent thoughts about divorce were interviewed about their conceptions of love and happiness in their decision-making processes. The resulting categories for love included: (a) importance of love, (b) change over time, and (c) marital love. The categories for happiness included: (a) fluidity of happiness and (b) balancing happiness. Implications of the findings are discussed.     

Divorce and the Wheel Theory of Love

This study investigated the process of falling in and out of love in one individual over the course of three relationships that all ended in divorce. Specifically, the relationship dynamics during the processes of rapport, self revelation, mutual dependency and personality need fulfillment as described in Reiss' wheel theory of love are explored. In this case study, personality need fulfillment was found to be the key component in falling in and out of love.     

情海天梯(英文)

什么样的爱情才能打动你.什么样的爱情才能亘古流传?20世纪50年代.为了躲避世人的流言.一对恋人携手私奔至深山老林。为了让妻子出行安全.丈夫在悬崖峭壁上苦心打凿石梯通向外界,如今已有6000多级,被称为爱情天梯。半个世纪以来.他们远离一切现代文明.在与世隔绝的深山里过着刀耕火种的原始生活.和他们相伴的,只有蓝天白云、大山荒坡、古树野猴……     

Sustaining Versus Losing Love: Factors Discriminating the Two

In this research, using a formulation of romantic love derived from previous research, we state a series of hypotheses regarding specific relational characteristics that are predicted to discriminate between those individuals who remain in love with their partners and those who, though once in love, have ceased to love them. Results obtained strongly support both the overall formulation of romantic love and the more specific predictions derived from it. We conclude by discussing some implications of these results, with an emphasis on clinical ones, as well as some strengths and limitations of the present research.     

Love attitude and marital adjustment in the family life cycle

The present study examines husband and wife perceptions of attitude toward love and marital satisfaction through seven family life cycle stages. A significant relationship was determined between husbands’ and wives’ attitude toward love and marital satisfaction for couples in the early years of marriage with no children, and for couples with children in the preschool years. Marital satisfaction and attitude toward love seem to function more independently of one another in the other family life stages. Overall, husbands vary slightly more than wives on marital satisfaction and attitude toward love, but the pattern for both is similar in that each relationship is curvilinear.     

Imperfect Love,Imperfect Lives: Making Love,Making Sex,Making Moral Judgments

Psychoanalysis' judgments about patients' decentered sexual lives are often influenced by analytic ideals that are based on long-cherished cultural values and/or theoretical constructs. These analytic value judgments sometimes assume that all or most individuals are optimally fulfilled in the context of deeply intimate and sexually monogamous long-term relationships, where attachment love and sexual passion coexist in equal intensity. Such analytic aims may not at all correspond to the wishes of any given patient, nor do such aims consider the literature that suggests that what may be called attachment love is often difficult to integrate with intense erotic desire. As well, there is risk that analysts' aims for patients may be hypocritically more idealistic than the values that analysts themselves adhere to in their own personal lives. Analysts' acknowledgment and acceptance of their own imperfect sex lives and love lives may leave more room to respect the idiosyncratic compromises and adaptations of each uniquely individual patient.     

Love labour as a distinct and non-commodifiable form of care labour

This paper examines the nature of love labouring and explores how it can be distinguished from other forms of care work. It provides a three fold taxonomy for analysing other‐centred work, distinguishing between work required to maintain primary care relations (love labour), secondary care relations (general care work) and tertiary care relations (solidarity work). A central theme of the paper is that primary care relations are not sustainable over time without love labour; that the realization of love, as opposed to the declaration of love, requires work. Drawing on a wide range of theoretical and empirical sources, including a study of caring undertaken by the author, the paper argues that there is mutuality, commitment, trust and responsibility at the heart of love labouring that makes it distinct from general care work and solidarity work. It sets out reasons why it is not possible to commodify the feelings, intentions and commitments of love labourers to supply them on a paid basis.     

Discourses on Non-conforming Marriages: Love in Taiwan

In contemporary Taiwan, arranged marriage seems a remote legend. However, the mainstream ideology of romantic love and marriage is a recent phenomenon that started only half a century ago. The debate on love and marriage that took place a hundred years ago has been reopened in current Taiwanese society on transnational marriage and same-sex marriage debates, which are regarded as non-conforming marriages in a specific historical period. We argue that the hegemonic ideology of romantic love has produced a powerful exclusionary effect on cross-border marriages based on ethnic and class discrimination, but also an inclusive effect on same-sex marriage in present Taiwan society, which underscores the power of the discourse of love in modern Taiwanese social life. The love discourse can be progressive in a specific historical conjuncture, but it can also be regressive by excluding other forms of intimacy.     

Gender Dynamics Predict Changes in Marital Love Among African American Couples

This study examined the implications of gender attitudes and spouses' divisions of household labor, time with children, and parental knowledge for their trajectories of love in a sample of 146 African American couples. Multilevel modeling in the context of an accelerated longitudinal design accommodated 3 annual waves of data. The results revealed that traditionality in husbands' gender attitudes was linked to lower levels of love. Furthermore, divisions of household labor and parental knowledge moderated changes in love such that couples with more egalitarian divisions exhibited higher and more stable patterns of love, whereas more traditional couples exhibited significant declines in love over time. Finally, greater similarity between spouses' time with their children was linked to higher levels of marital love. The authors highlight the implications of gender dynamics for marital harmony among African American couples and discuss ways that this work may be applied and extended in practice and future research.     

An Analysis of the Theme of Eternal Love in To His Coy Mistress

This paper probes into Andrew Marvell's masterpiece To His Coy Mistress which is brimming with different kinds of images, such as time images, which jointly convey the speaker's belief in eternal love. By analyzing those images used in this poem, this paper aims to highlight the theme of eternal love meanwhile the qualities of wit, courage, patience and thoughtfulness that the speaker possesses can not be ignored.     

作为后现代情感的网络爱情：一个过程论的视角

由于网络爱情所具有的既隔离又连结的特性，使得人们获得较高的安全感的同时，又保有与他人的亲密感。所以，在网络中形成和发展的网络爱情所反映出的需要别人的许可和接受，需要别人的支持和合作，人们既想发泄内心深处的不安全感，渴望社会生活，同时又不想被伤害等精神旨趣，与“后现代情感”存在着逻辑的耦合与同构性。