China’s Industrial Efficiency: An Empirical Analysis based on the Macro Level

After comparing ten company technical economic indicators, this paper selected the value-added rate of industry, overall labor productivity, the total asset contribution rate, the ratio of profit to industrial costs and the debt-to-asset ratio as the basis for a study of industrial efficiency.     

Impersonal probability as an ideal assessment based on accessible evidence: A viable construct?

When risk analysts and others refer to the true probability of an event, it is not easy to give it a meaning which is sound and useful as a communication device for regulatory, research planning, and related purposes. An interpretation is herein offered which, unlike Bayesian probability, is impersonal and does not depend on a particular assessor; unlike Carnap's logical probability, it does not depend on information actually to hand. It is a generalization of frequency and propensity interpretations of impersonal probability applicable to unique events: an ideal assessment based on currently accessible (not in general perfect) evidence. The argument is illustrated from decision-aiding experience which motivated the enquiry.This work was supported by the National Science Foundation, Division of Social and Economic Sciences. The author thanks John Pratt, Marvin Cohen, Dennis Lindley, Jon Baron, Kathy Laskey, and Stephen Watson for their most helpful review. They do not necessarily share his views.     

Unbalanced development,public services and government responsibility： an analysis based on government preference and government efficiency

发展失衡是当前中国经济社会运行中的突出问题,一般认为其直接原因是公共服务的提供不足,症结在于政府责任的缺失。通过区分“发展阶段型”和“政府责任型”两种失衡形态,可以发现,公共服务供求双方的因素共同导致了中国经济发展失衡问题的集中爆发,发展阶段型失衡和政府责任型失衡的混合形态是中国当前发展失衡的本质属性。中国经济转轨时期的体制制约了政府的效率,并导致了政府行为的偏差,是当前发展失衡的根本症结所在。因此,改变中国发展失衡现状的途径,不应仅仅要求政府在公共服务领域承担更多责任,更应立足体制转轨背景,加快解决引致政府行为偏差的体制性问题。     

Intransitive cycles: Rational choice or random error? An answer based on estimation of error rates with experimental data

The paper presents results from two new experiments designed to test between the rational choice hypothesis and the random error hypothesis for intransitive choice. Error probabilities and population shares for transitive and intransitive preference types are estimated from data collected in the first experiment. An unrestricted model (which treats intransitive patterns as true patterns) performs no better than a model that is restricted to transitive patterns. Analysis of the conditional distributions of choice patterns, using data from the second experiment, confirms more directly the main results of the first experiment: that observed intransitive choice patterns are due to random error.     

Consumer‐directed care for older Australians: Are resources identified on the Web adequate to support decisions about home‐based care packages?

Consumer‐directed care (CDC) was introduced as part of aged care policy reforms in Australia in 2012. CDC aims to promote choice and control for people with complex needs who need home care and supports. While more choices may bring benefits, information and resources are needed by people to navigate new and complex care‐related decisions. In 2017, we identified the resources available to support consumers of the new CDC Home Care Packages (HCP) program via an Internet search. Forty‐six resources were analysed to assess the adequacy of information to inform care choices. General information was most frequently found, but information to guide specific choices, such as choosing or changing service providers, was limited. Accessibility of information was limited for non‐English speakers and for people with low literacy or reduced capacity for decision making. No training opportunities were identified, and only one non‐partisan organisation offered support for decision making. Overall, the information and supports analysed were not adequate to assist older people to make choices to ensure consumer direction of care. There is an urgent need to improve the quality and accessibility of information and provide training and support for choice, particularly for those with limited decision‐making capacity, such as those living with dementia.     

Li Shu on Study

The essence of Li Shu's statements on study, an importantcomponent among his ideas, rests on his advocacy of mental emancipation and the rejection of modern superstitions, new obscurantism, newslavishness, and old and new dogmatism, in order to maintain a freeatmosphere for academic study, holding practice as the criterion fortruth, so that new problems can be recognized, studied and settled in anew context.The Core of Li Shu's Statements onStudy - Mental EmancipationA successful scholar mu…     

Betting on Machina’s reflection example: an experiment on ambiguity

In a recent article, Machina (Am Econ Rev forthcoming, 2008) suggested choice problems in the spirit of Ellsberg (Q J Econ 75:643–669, 1961), which challenge tail-separability, an implication of Choquet expected utility (CEU), to a similar extent as the Ellsberg paradox challenged the sure-thing principle implied by subjective expected utility (SEU). We have tested choice behavior for bets on one of Machina’s choice problems, the reflection example. Our results indicate that tail-separability is violated by a large majority of subjects (over 70% of the sample). These empirical findings complement the theoretical analysis of Machina (Am Econ Rev forthcoming, 2008) and, together, they confirm the need for new approaches in the analysis of ambiguity for decision making.     

A Retrospective on and Projected New Horizons in Research on Marxist Philosophy

Thisarticlewaspresentedatthesymposiumtocelebratethe20thanniversaryofCASSin1997.Ⅰ.TheDevelopmentofMarxistPhilosophyintheNewEraSincethethirdplenarysessionofthe11thCentralCommitteeoftheCPC,researchontheprinciplesofMarxistphilosophybyChinesescholarshasgonethroughthreestages.Inthefirststage,asaresultofthedebateoverwhetherornotpracticeistherealarbiteroftruth,mostscholarsreturnedtogenuineMarxism,whichtheydistinguishedfromthephilosophicdogmasthatservedasthetheoreticalfoundationforleftistpoliti…     

Theoretical Reflections on Cognitive Linguistics

1.IntroduCtlonSincethe"Chomskianrevolution"inWesternlinguisticscircles,therehasbeencontinuaIcontroversyoverthe"world-viewofgenerativegrammar."TheschoolofcognitiveIinguisticsheadedbyR.Langackerhasbeenparticularlyexpressiveinsettingforthitsresearchparadigms…     

Research on Chinese Employees''''Organizational Commitments

本研究首先在访谈、项目收集、多次预试和科学检验的基础上,研制了一套“中国职工组织承诺问卷”。采用多元统计解析方法中的因素分析,探讨了中国企业职工组织承诺的心理结构,提出了五因素模型。这五种基本的承诺类型是:感情承诺、规范承诺、理想承诺、经济承诺和机会承诺。在此基础上,采用相关分析、交叉分析等方法,探讨了我国不同组织承诺类型职工的工作行为表现。最后,采用单因素方差分析、多重比较检验、交叉分析及结构方程模型中的路径分析方法探讨了影响我国职工组织承诺的因素模型,从而为正确处理我国员工与企业(组织)的关系,改进人事管理,提供了理论依据和科学方法。     

Comparative Research on Judicial Hierarchy

当代世界三大诉讼模式的审级制度沿着不同发展脉络,不约而同地汇入三级结构,其中蕴藏着一些共同原理,比如终审法院规模控制、上下级法院职能分层和权力双向制约、划分事实问题与法律问题、当事人权利事项与法官裁量事项界线分明,等等。这些技术规范的运用很大程度上决定了司法制度能否实现其统一性、正确性、正当性、终局性和权威性等价值目标。 相比之下,中国现行审级制度的形成和演变受制于特定的政治、经济、文化、历史背景,在技术原理上呈现为审级功能层次不明、运作方式大致相同的柱型结构。这种结构在职权主义诉讼模式中面临一系列技术困境,造成滥用审判权和滥用诉权行为的双重失控,加之时代变迁和司法正当性基础的嬗变,突显了两审终审制的原有缺陷,成为申诉、再审案件大幅上升的重要原因。 最后,作者对中国建立有限三审制设想将面临的多方面困难进行了定性的预测。     

Studies on Chen Yinque'sCultural Historicism

ChenYinqueoccupiesaprominentpositioninthe20th-centuryacademictraditioninChina,notonlybecauseofhisoutstandingworkinthestudyofhistoryand,inparticular,culturalhistory,butforhisnewapproachto"culturalhistoricism."Chenstoodatthemeetingpointofancientandmodern,ChineseandWesterncultures.HegrewupinanexcellentenvironmentoftraditionalscholarshipandalsobegantoreceiveaWesterneducationinhisearlyyears.HewenttoJapanin1906,studiedatBerlinUniversityfrom1909to1913,andagainlivedinBerlinfrom1921to1926.Atthattim…     

SPECIAL ISSUE： DISTRIBUTION OF NATIONAL INCOME IN A TRANSITIONAL ECONOMY Labor income shares （LIS） in economic development： an empirical study based on China＇s sectoral-level data

从产业角度对中国劳动收入占比的变化进行实证研究,可以发现,产业结构变化和不同产业劳动收入占比以正相关性同时变化,均加剧了劳动收入占比的波动。基于产业数据对劳动收入占比变化进行分解,可以发现：相对于1993年,1996年劳动收入占比上升主要是由第二产业劳动收入占比提高造成的;相对于1996年,2003年劳动收入占比下降主要与第一产业比重下降有关;2004年的情况比较特殊,这一年劳动收入占比剧烈下降主要源于统计口径变化,造成第二、三产业劳动收入占比大幅减少。劳动收入占比在地区之间存在巨大差异,但是随着时间的推移,该差异在逐渐缩小,这与产业结构和产业内劳动收入占比的变化也密切相关。     

SPECIAL ISSUE： DISTRIBUTION OF NATIONAL INCOME IN A TRANSITIONAL ECONOMY Exploring high saving rates in China： an analysis based on the 1992-2003 China flow of funds accounts

本文以国家统计局公布的1992—2003年中国资金流量表为基础，从收入分配和部门储蓄倾向两个方面对居民、企业和政府等国内三个部门的储蓄率进行了比较分析。我们发现，尽管居民部门的储蓄率最高，但是，自1992年以来，它实际上呈逐步下降趋势，其主要原因在于居民部门获得的劳动报酬、财产收入和再分配收入均有所下降；企业储蓄率呈现缓缓上升趋势，主要原因并不在于企业盈利能力的提高，而在于其主要支出——对居民部门的劳动报酬支出和利息支出长期被稳定在较低的水平上；政府储蓄率在经历了上个世纪的低位徘徊之后，于2000年以后急剧上升，其主要原因在于，通过初次分配和再分配，政府的可支配收入在国民收入的分配中占据了越来越大的份额，同时政府部门的储蓄倾向也在不断提高。本文的政策建议是：为了实现以提高国内消费率为核心的经济发展战略，我国的经济运行应全面转向以改善收入分配结构、提高居民收入为重点的轨道上。为达此目的，加速财政政策向公共财政转型，增加公共支出和对居民的福利支出，在提高劳动生产率的基础上提高企业对劳动者的支付水平，应成为今后我国宏观调控的长期任务。     

Active and Open-minded Participation on an Equal Footing in Dialogue on Contemporary Chinese Philosophy

1978年以来,中国的哲学研究取得了很大进展。但是由于不合理的学科隔离和思想藩篱,学术研究和哲学教育事业受到严重危害。中国的哲学研究的发展应以中国哲学的内部整合和新形态建构为目标,推动中国哲学、西方哲学和马克思主义哲学的对话与互动,以及在哲学观上的交流与共识,以符合哲学的“爱智”本性和“致极性”特点的真正哲学方式开展对话,以开放的心态,围绕当代人类实践的重大理论与实践问题积极开展真正平等的哲学对话。     

A Look at the Future of Studies on the History of Literature—Commentaries on the '95 Hong Kong International Symposium on "Reflections on the History of Chinese Literature

Aninternationalsymposiumon"ReflectionsontheHistoryofChineseLiterature"washeldfrom13to15October1995inHongKongandhostedbytheDepartmentofHumanities,HongKongUniversityofScienceandTechnology.AmongthosewhoattendedthesymposiumwerescholarsfromthemainlandofChina,t…     

Studies on Occupational Prestigein Rural China

I.ResearchQuestions,TheoryandDataAsabasicvaluedeterminantini11dustrialsociety,occupationalprestigehasbeenwidelyusedbysociologiststomeasurethedirectionanddegreeofsocialdivision.ItsuniversalitygainedwiderecognitionafterTreiman(Treiman,l977)developedhis"Stan…     

Comments on Jiang Xuemo's Economic Theories

Overthepastfewdecades,JiangXuemo,aninfluentialChineseeconomist,hassoughttocombinebasicMarxisteconomictheorieswiththerealityoftheChinesesituation.Hehasmadeadeepandsystematicinvestigationofmanyimportantquestionsofeconomictheory,andadvancedhisownuniquepropositions.ThisarticlewillexaminehisinfluentialtheoreticalviewPointsandideas.I.AnInquiryintotheTheoryofSocialistOwnership1.GraspingthescientificintensionofthesystemofownershipofthemeansofproductionfromadiscussionofthecategoriesofownershipIn19…     

Theoretical Reflections on Urban Community Services

Themid1980ssawtherapiddevelopmentofChina'surbancommunityservices,backedbyurbangrass-rootsorganizations(mainlysubdistrictofficesandneighborhoodcommittees),asaresultofeffortsbytheMinistryofCivilAffairsandenergeticpromotionbyprovincialormunicipalpeople'sgove…