执行时间视角下的可再生能源发电项目激励政策优化研究

为实现可持续发展并降低温室气体排放,中国需大力发展可再生能源,而激励政策对可再生能源发展具有重要推动作用。鉴于此,本文采用实物期权方法评价了中国可再生能源发电项目激励政策的实施效果：首先分析了可再生能源项目的经济性,提出模型假设,接着构建并求解实物期权模型。为更直观地评价激励政策效果,本文利用最优执行条件求解项目预期执行时间和不同技术水平下的激励政策最优值。最后,以光伏发电项目为例进行实证分析。研究表明：①目前,中国光伏产业还难以独立发展,仍需国家政策的支持,但现行或曾实施的光伏激励政策存在超额激励现象。②随着技术水平的提高,为鼓励投资者及时投资,政府需提高激励力度。③从政府支出、政策效果和技术影响三个角度综合分析,单项激励政策中上网电价政策效果最佳,但政府支出较高;价格补贴政策效果偏弱,但政府支出较低;与其他两项政策相比,成本补偿政策效果较差。     

多市场协同下的可再生能源电力竞价策略研究

为了实现电力行业低碳转型，我国正逐步建立和完善全国碳配额与交易市场和绿色电力证书市场。如何设计和协调市场政策目标以推动可再生能源电力平价上网是我国电力系统绿色低碳化转型的关键。本文构建了多市场协同下的电力企业竞价模型，研究碳市场、绿证市场与电力市场的价格形成和市场之间的价格传导路径，分析多市场协同作用下电力企业竞价策略的差异。研究结果表明：多市场协同对减少碳排放和促进可再生能源发展有显著效果，收紧碳配额供应和提高绿证配额的市场协同机制能够为可再生能源发电企业创造新的利润增长点，增加传统能源发电成本，缩小可再生能源电力和传统能源电力的价格差异。本文揭示了多个市场之间内在的协同机理，有助于政策制定者充分考虑到市场间的协同关系，从而制定更加高效的减排和可再生能源发展政策。     

基于SIR传染病模型的技术扩散模型的研究

科技进步推动经济和社会发展是技术扩散来实现的,所以研究技术扩散现象具有十分重要的理论和现实意义.于技术扩散过程类似于传染病的蔓延过程,因此本文利用经典的传染病模型(SIR模型)建立了单一技术在单一企业群中扩散的SIR技术扩散模型、单一技术在多个企业群中扩散的SIR技术扩散模型和多种竞争技术在单一企业群中扩散的SIR技术扩散模型,并通过对三种模型的分析,研究了技术扩散现象的一般规律.     

基于社会网络的情绪扩散与股价波动风险研究

投资者情绪对股价波动风险的影响是行为金融学的重要观点,据此,本文基于股市投资者社会网络构建具有连续性和时效性的情绪扩散模型,通过量化情绪扩散对股市投资者交易决策的影响,明确投资者情绪扩散与股价波动风险之间的影响机制,进而分析股价波动风险的影响因素和控制策略。研究结果表明,投资者情绪扩散能够促进股价的波动,而具体影响程度由情绪扩散特征、投资者特征以及股市特征共同决定,并且机构投资者对于股价波动的影响具有双重特征,基于不同影响因素的研究结果为股价波动风险的防范提供了监管参考。进一步研究表明,基于全局信息的目标免疫方法能够有效控制股价波动风险,这对于维护股市稳定具有重要的意义。     

基于社会福利的可再生能源R&D激励政策评价

可再生能源发电新技术的R&D投资策略通常对企业价值和消费者剩余起到作用相反的不同影响,从而对基于社会福利的可再生能源电力R&D激励政策的科学制定带来挑战。针对旨在通过研发可再生能源发电新技术从而垄断清洁能源新兴市场的两非对称企业,结合投资时机选择期权博弈和社会福利模型,通过数值模拟以分析社会福利与影响其变化的补贴政策及其它诸多因素间的动态变化特征并提出相应的可再生能源电力R&D激励政策建议。结果表明:若以社会福利最大化为目标,在发电新技术R&D补贴和上网电价补贴政策的各组合应用中,企业间的R&D能力差距越大、可再生能源发电新技术的初始价值越大以及R&D成本越高,政府越应该鼓励可再生能源企业进行合作研发,反之则应鼓励竞争;随着电价补贴的提高,企业间的R&D竞争应受到鼓励;一定范围内,R&D补贴和电价补贴均能提高社会福利。论文创新性地揭示出可再生能源电力R&D投资的最优投资时机选择、电价补贴政策组合与社会福利三者间应有的内在联动关系,为政府对可再生能源电力的有效激励和管理提供富有价值的决策参考。     

网络舆情扰动下房地产投资者“追涨杀跌”行为扩散研究

一旦房地产投资者“追涨杀跌”行为发生大范围扩散,将诱发房地产市场的价格严重偏离甚至动荡。本文从传播学与行为金融学交叉视角,基于复杂网络理论构建了房地产投资者“追涨杀跌”行为的网络扩散模型,进而仿真分析了网络舆情与投资者行为偏好交互作用下房地产投资者“追涨杀跌”行为扩散的演化特征。研究表明：房地产投资者越偏向于随机建立关联,“追涨杀跌”行为越可能快速扩散;网络舆情因素在“追涨杀跌”行为扩散过程中发挥主导作用,同时对投资者行为偏好因素发挥较强的“强化效应”或“抑制效应”;当媒体权威性足够高或网民情绪足够乐观时,通过综合调节网络舆情和投资者行为偏好因素能够有效实现预防和限制“追涨杀跌”行为扩散的目的。     

环保

中国节能环保战略布局——低碳城市 中国政府去年强调,中国要高度重视新能源产业发展,创新发展可再生能源技术、节能减排技术、清洁煤技术及核能技术,大力推进节能环保和资源循环利用,加快构建以低碳排放为特征的工业、建筑、     

我国可耗竭能源资源最优开采模型研究

可耗竭能源资源是我国经济社会可持续发展和国家安全的重要保障。综合考虑资源储量、技术进步、资源价格、开发成本、市场结构、政策等不确定性因素,以最终产品生产部门和资源供给部门收益最大化以及消费者效用最大化为目标,构建了考虑各部门同时最优的一体化模型,求解出稳态下可耗竭和可再生能源资源价格和产量的增长率,进行了数值模拟和敏感性分析。结果表明：技术进步是影响可耗竭和可再生能源资源价格和产量增长率变化的关键因素;最终产品生产部门规模报酬和跨期替代弹性影响可耗竭和可再生能源资源产量增长率;最终产品生产部门规模报酬不变,则可耗竭和可再生能源资源产量均无增长。据此,提出政策建议为：规范我国可耗竭能源资源价格和开采路径,应突破可耗竭能源资源勘探和开采技术;为实现节能目标,应提高我国最终产品生产部门的规模报酬;未来一段时间内,可耗竭能源资源价格会继续下跌,政府应提前做好战略部署,合理配置能源资源,推进企业转型升级速度。     

浅析开发可再生能源的技术创新

实现可再生能源开发利用的技术创新,降低生产成本,实现产业化,是提高可再生能源利用水平的关键。本文介绍了我国可再生能源的技术政策,国内外风力发电、太阳能发电、生物质能利用和电能储存的技术创新信息。     

以替代率分析浙江省可再生能源供给

本文通过可再生能源替代率,分析2006～2010年浙江可再生能源的发展状况和趋势,对2011～2020年浙江可再生能源供给可以达到的各个阶段目标进行预测,发现浙江省在此间前期需要加强政策激励才能完成总体目标,而后期发展需要调整政策,充分利用市场力量来促进可再生能源发展。     

A conceptual model for the process of IT innovation adoption in organizations

In this paper, we develop a conceptual model for IT innovation adoption process in organizations. The model utilizes Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) theory, Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and a framework that contains characteristics of innovation, organization, environment, chief executive officer (CEO) and user acceptance. The model presents IT adoption as a sequence of stages, progressing from initiation to adoption-decision to implementation. The study presents a model with an interactive process perspective which considers organizational level analysis until acquisition of technology and individual level analysis for the user acceptance of IT.     

Building a Model of Technology Preference: The Case of Channel Choices

Intention theories, such as the Theory of Reasoned Action, the Theory of Planned Behavior, and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), have been widely adopted to explain information system usage. These theories, however, do not explicitly consider the availability of alternative systems that users may have access to and may have a preference for. Recent calls for advancing knowledge in technology acceptance have included the examination of selection among competing channels and extending the investigation beyond adoption of a single technology. In this study, we provide a theoretical extension to the TAM by integrating preferential decision knowledge to its constructs. The concept of Attitude‐Based Preference and Attribute‐Based Preference are introduced to produce a new intention model, namely the Model of Technology Preference (MTP). MTP was validated in the context of alternative behaviors in adopting two service channels: one a technology‐based online store and the other a traditional brick‐and‐mortar store. A sample of 320 responses was used to run a structural equation model. Empirical results show that MTP is a powerful predictor of alternative behaviors. Furthermore, in the context of service channel selection, incorporating preferential decision knowledge into intention models can be used to develop successful business strategies.     

The Role of Innovation Characteristics and Perceived Voluntariness in the Acceptance of Information Technologies

The often paradoxical relationship between investment in information technology and gains in productivity has recently been attributed to a lack of user acceptance of information technology innovations. Diverse streams of research have attempted to explain and predict user acceptance of new information technologies. A common theme underlying these various research streams is the inclusion of the perceived characteristics of an innovation as key independent variables. Furthermore, prior research has utilized different outcomes to represent user acceptance behavior. In this paper we focus on individual's perceptions about the characteristics of the target technology as explanatory and predictive variables for acceptance behavior, and present an empirical study examining the effects of these perceptions on two frequently used outcomes in the context of the innovation represented by the World Wide Web. The two outcomes examined are initial use of an innovation and intentions to continue such use in the future, that is, to routinize technology use. Two research questions motivated and guided the study. First, are the perceptions that predict initial use the same as those that predict future use intentions? Our results confirm, as hypothesized by prior research, that innovation characteristics do explain acceptance behavior. The results further reveal that the specific characteristics that are relevant for each acceptance outcome are different. The second research question asks if perceived voluntariness plays a role in technology acceptance. Results show that external pressure has an impact on adopters' acceptance behavior. Theoretical and practical implications that follow are presented.     

Die Akzeptanz der elektronischen Gesundheitskarte in Deutschland

Against the background of the increasing importance of eHealth, this contribution concentrates on the issue of acceptance regarding the introduction of the electronic health card (English for elektronische Gesundheitskarte, hereinafter referred to as eHC) on the part of the service providing health institutions. After presenting the general issue, the relevance of the subject is described and the eHC is defined. Then the eHC is classified in terms of terminology and afterwards the current state of research of investigations regarding acceptance in the field of eHC is presented and evaluated. Based on both the technology acceptance model and the relevant literature, the important factors influencing the attitude towards and the eventual use of the eHC are conceptualized and integrated in an investigation model. The empirical investigation took place throughout Germany within the scope of an online survey of the health care providers. All in all, 502 questionnaires were reflected in the evaluation of the willingness of acceptance. The empirical results show that regarding the perceived usefulness the performance of the system and a well balanced cost-/benefit-ratio lead to an increasing acceptance of the eHC. Being integrated in the decision process, however, is not relevant for the German physicians. Within the context of the perceived ease of use the compatibility of the system is much less relevant than the controllability or the general usability.     

中国汽车产业环境技术创新影响因素实证研究

基于动态计量模型,以我国汽车产业为对象,从产品创新和过程创新2个方面实证研究了环境政策、技术进步、市场结构、产业特征对汽车产业环境技术创新的影响。结果表明,环境政策中的环境影响评估制度和污染限期治理制度、技术进步中的R&D投入和人力资本存量、市场结构中的产品销售利润率与环境技术创新存在长期均衡关系,且长期均衡对产品创新短期波动的影响不大,仅有污染限期治理和R&D投入的长期均衡对过程创新短期波动的影响显著。此外,环境影响评估制度、R&D投入、人力资本存量、产品销售利润率均为产品创新和过程创新的格兰杰原因,而污染限期治理是产品创新的格兰杰原因,过程创新是污染限期治理的格兰杰原因。     

Are Individual Differences Germane to the Acceptance of New Information Technologies?

Persuading users to adopt new information technologies persists as an important problem confronting those responsible for implementing new information systems. In order to better understand and manage the process of new technology adoption, several theoretical models have been proposed, of which the technology acceptance model (TAM) has gained considerable support. Beliefs and attitudes represent significant constructs in TAM. A parallel research stream suggests that individual difference factors are important in information technology acceptance but does not explicate the process by which acceptance is influenced. The objective of this paper is to clarify this process by proposing a theoretical model wherein the relationship between individual differences and IT acceptance is hypothesized to be mediated by the constructs of the technology acceptance model. In essence then, these factors are viewed as influencing an individual's beliefs about an information technology innovation; this relationship is further supported by drawing upon extensive research in learning. The theoretical model was tested in an empirical study of 230 users of an information technology innovation. Results confirm the basic structure of the model, including the mediating role of beliefs. Results also identify several individual difference variables that have significant effects on TAM's beliefs. Theoretical contributions and practical implications that follow are discussed.     

Investigating the use of information technology in managing innovation: A case study from a university technology transfer office

This study investigates the use of information technology to manage innovation. It is based on a case study on the adoption of an innovation application, which provides an interface between R&D, marketing and administration functions of innovation development. Drawing on qualitative evidence including a focus group and 16 in-depth interviews, this study contributes by integrating technology acceptance constructs to innovation process performance and marketing literature, as well as by investigating technology acceptance in an innovation context. Implications are discussed for organizations engaged with R&D or innovation process management and suggestions for research directions are offered.     

基于动态无标度网络的信息策略与羊群行为演化研究

传统的人工股票市场效率不高,对投资者的异质性假设缺乏经济学含义,更没有考虑市场中广泛存在的羊群行为的影响。本文以国外期权市场异质信息交易者模型为基础,结合互联网金融特点在传统人工股票市场中引入异质信息策略与动态无标度人际关系网络刻画的羊群行为构建出新的人工股市模型,进行投资者的信息策略与羊群行为演化研究,对比分析不同机制的引入所带来的影响,揭示动态关系网络环境下信息策略演化结果。研究发现：一方面,信息策略演化机制的引入加快了市场均衡速率并提高了市场效率,同时也大大降低了投资者财富水平并拉大了财富差距;信息策略与羊群行为的演化并不会导致投资者完全向内幕信息交易者聚集,高、低信息档次投资者明显居多且其他信息档次投资者仍然存在。另一方面,动态关系网络下羊群行为的引入增强了投资者的被传染程度,并进一步缩小了财富差距且显著提高了内幕信息的扩散质量与效率。所以,互联网关系网络环境下高、低信息档次投资者占据相对优势,但其他信息档次投资者并不会被挤出市场;监管部门在努力寻求高市场效率的同时,也应在投资者财富与社会总财富等方面进行适当权衡。     

基于订单驱动市场下信息结构与金融资产价格均衡研究

依据我国证券市场订单驱动连续竞价交易机制,在引入信息结构及投资者看法差异的基础上建立序贯交易理论模型,研究金融资产价格的形成过程,并研究信息结构各方面对价格形成的影响。理论结果表明,信息存在、信息分布和信息组成对买卖价差产生不同影响,其影响结果不仅取决于信息结构自身,也受到投资者构成、看法差异以及信息量值的影响。随后基于中国证券市场进一步验证了理论模型的结论。     

Information Technology Acceptance by Individual Professionals: A Model Comparison Approach*

The proliferation of innovative and exciting information technology applications that target individual “professionals” has made the examination or re‐examination of existing technology acceptance theories and models in a “professional” setting increasingly important. The current research represents a conceptual replication of several previous model comparison studies. The particular models under investigation are the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), and a decomposed TPB model, potentially adequate in the targeted healthcare professional setting. These models are empirically examined and compared, using the responses to a survey on telemedicine technology acceptance collected from more than 400 physicians practicing in public tertiary hospitals in Hong Kong. Results of the study highlight several plausible limitations of TAM and TPB in explaining or predicting technology acceptance by individual professionals. In addition, findings from the study also suggest that instruments that have been developed and repeatedly tested in previous studies involving end users and business managers in ordinary business settings may not be equally valid in a professional setting. Several implications for technology acceptance/adoption research and technology management practices are discussed.