共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
2.
本文研究了同时考虑竞争者进入威胁和消费者行为的易逝品的动态定价机制.依据策略性和忠诚性两个维度,将市场中的消费者分为策略型忠诚者、策略型转换者、短视型忠诚者和短视型转换者四种类型.建立了在位企业、竞争企业与策略消费者间的两阶段动态博弈模型,通过均衡求解与分析,探讨了在位企业和竞争企业的最优价格机制以及消费者行为对企业定价行为和均衡收益的影响,深入分析了竞争者的进入行为对在位企业定价和收益的影响,以及消费者策略行为和转换行为与竞争者进入行为间的交互作用机制.研究表明:在位企业可以依据策略消费者的比例,采取智能的动态定价机制,实行或放弃对策略消费者的跨期价格歧视,最大化自身收益;消费者策略行为会降低在位企业的绩效却能够提高竞争者的绩效;竞争者的进入并非总是对在位企业不利,在一定条件下,竞争者的进入有利于提高在位企业的绩效;在位企业通过多种方式培养自己的忠实顾客,不仅能够应对竞争者的进入威胁而且能够缓解消费者策略行为的负面影响. 相似文献
3.
易逝品降价时点设定问题的Cournot博弈模型 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
本文基于Gallego和van Ryzin的两级价格策略,构建了两种竞争性易逝品降价时点设定问题的Cournot博弈模型,应用图解法求得Cournot均衡点,得出在竞争环境下先动企业会推迟降价时点而后动企业会提前降价的结论,通过实例分析验证了这一结论,同时指出了转移概率对均衡结果的影响.研究结果可为竞争环境下易逝性产品降价策略的制定提供决策支持. 相似文献
4.
5.
可变提前期的易逝品供应链协调 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
易逝品供应链作为供应链的一个重要分支日益受到关注,已成为现代商业活动中不可或缺的组成部分.在提前期与预测误差呈线性关系,提前期与赶工成本呈分段线性关系的前提下,建立了在分散决策、集中决策两种模式下可变提前期的易逝品供应链库存模型,设计了优化算法并通过数值分析比较了这两种模式下供应链整体及其成员收益的变化.进一步探讨了在合作的分散决策模式下,可变提前期的易逝品供应链实现渠道协调的可行性以及实现渠道协调的条件,并通过数值例子说明了模型的结论. 相似文献
6.
本文研究了采用两级价格策略的易逝性产品关于降价时点的Stackelberg博弈模型,应用图解法获得了Stackelberg均衡点,得出在竞争环境下先动企业会推迟降价而后动企业会提前降价的结论,通过算例验证了这一结论,并指出了转移概率对博弈结果的影响. 相似文献
7.
本文在考虑延期支付的情况下构建了二级供应链关于易逝品的最优订货决策模型,其中供应链由单个供应商和多个面临资金约束的零售商组成。在不允许缺货的情况下,供应商为零售商提供延迟支付来缓解零售商的资金压力,同时零售商对产品的定价将随易逝品的价值变质而变化。本文利用遗传算法对模型进行了算例分析,同时对模型中的相关参数进行了敏感性分析。结果表明,延迟支付能够提高供应链总利润并降低风险,从而有利于供应链整体效益的提高。在延期支付条件下,供应链各成员获得的收益增量存在较大差距,其中供应商能够获得更多收益。最后,通过敏感性分析,我们还发现产量及易逝品保质期的变动会对供应链整体利润产生不同程度的影响。 相似文献
8.
9.
由需求不确定所引起的库存过剩或产品脱销通常会给企业的正常运营带来极大风险,本文考虑一种运输时间影响损耗率的易逝品,在消费者估值不确定的情况下,从集成的角度出发,针对零售商的订购与预售联合策略展开研究。需求端零售商可通过批发价订购方式或组合订购方式采购易逝品,销售端可提供折扣预售和期权预售两种策略。通过模型构建详细分析了几种不同的订购预售联合策略,求解了不同策略下的最优订购量和最优预售价格以及不同策略的适用情形。研究发现柔性采购(组合订购方式)和期权预售联合决策可以有效降低需求波动带来的库存积压和产品短缺风险,且期权预售策略比折扣预售策略的应用范围更广。 相似文献
10.
11.
Xuanming Su 《Production and Operations Management》2009,18(4):365-380
This paper introduces a decision model of consumer inertia. Consumers exhibit inertia when they have an inherent bias to delay purchases. Inertia may induce consumers to wait even when it is optimal to buy immediately. We embed our decision model within a dynamic pricing context. There is a firm that sells a fixed capacity over two time periods to an uncertain number of both rational and inertial consumers. We find that consumer inertia has both positive and negative effects on profits: it decreases demand (in period one) but intensifies competition among consumers for the product (in period two). We show that our model of inertia is consistent with well‐established behavioral regularities, such as loss aversion and probability weighting in the sense of prospect theory, and hyperbolic time preferences. We offer practical recommendations for firms to influence the level of consumer inertia. These include offering returns policies (to mitigate potential consumer losses), providing decision aids (to avoid perception errors), and offering flexible payment options (to lower transaction costs). 相似文献
12.
Pricing and Replenishment of Competing Perishable Product Variants under Dynamic Demand Substitution
Arvind Sainathan 《Production and Operations Management》2013,22(5):1157-1181
I consider pricing and ordering decisions faced by a retailer selling a perishable product with a two‐period shelf life over an infinite horizon. In the first period, the product is “new”; in the next, it becomes “old.” The new product is perceived by customers to have a higher quality than the old product. Every period, the retailer makes three decisions: prices for the new and old products and how much new product to order. I first show, with some simple cases, that demand uncertainty can make the sale of the old product profitable. I then consider a more realistic case with dynamic demand substitution among customers. I recognize that the retailer's decisions may be constant or may vary across different periods, under different contexts. For instance, varying the price of the new product can sometimes be difficult due to the negative impact it generates among customers. I find that (i) the benefit obtained from selling the old product with constant decisions is much higher than the benefit from allowing all the decisions to vary; (ii) the former benefit increases with a higher procurement cost, a higher quality of the new product, and higher demand volatility; however, the latter benefit is non‐monotone in these parameters; (iii) most of the latter benefit can be obtained by just changing the order quantity; and (iv) as the inventory of the old product increases, when all the decisions vary, the optimal price of the new product may increase or decrease. 相似文献
13.
14.
由于质量控制不当和库存过多导致的浪费是企业管理易腐食品面临的主要挑战。针对当前食品浪费严重的问题,建立考虑变质率的动态定价模型,研究捐赠行为下单一定价、两次定价与多级折扣定价三种定价策略对食品企业最优决策的影响。通过数值分析,发现捐赠行为能够提升企业利润且在多级折扣定价策略下效果更为显著,但当折扣次数较少时,单一定价策略对考虑捐赠的企业而言更优;食品最初质量、变质率、打折时间点、捐赠时间点、税收返回比率均是影响企业定价决策的重要因素;若质量差异越大,企业在多级折扣定价策略下的利润会减少,而考虑捐赠行为会使得企业利润呈上升趋势;在变质率越高时,考虑捐赠的单一定价策略会降低企业的利润,但对多级折扣定价策略下的利润影响不大;当折扣时间越接近于捐赠时间点时,基于捐赠行为的多级折扣定价策略会更优;当捐赠时间点越接近于保质期时,考虑捐赠的价格策略会优于不考虑捐赠时的价格策略。此外,研究还表明增加税收返回比率对考虑捐赠下的定价策略不一定是有利的。 相似文献
15.
We introduce a dynamic pricing model for a monopolistic company selling a perishable product to a finite population of strategic consumers (customers who are aware that pricing is dynamic and may time their purchases strategically). This problem is modeled as a stochastic dynamic game in which the company's objective is to maximize total expected revenues, and each customer maximizes the expected present value of utility. We prove the existence of a unique subgame‐perfect equilibrium pricing policy, provide equilibrium optimality conditions for both customer and seller, and prove monotonicity results for special cases. We demonstrate through numerical examples that a company that ignores strategic consumer behavior may receive much lower total revenues than one that uses the strategic equilibrium pricing policy. We also show that, when the initial capacity is a decision variable, it can be used together with the appropriate pricing policy to effectively reduce the impact of strategic consumer behavior. The proposed model is computationally tractable for problems of realistic size. 相似文献
16.
竞争环境下基于顾客策略行为的易逝品动态定价研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在两个提供相同易逝品的零售商折线竞争下,从顾客策略行为出发,研究竞争环境下两零售商的动态定价策略。首先建立供大于求的情况下两零售商动态定价模型,给出了均衡价格满足的条件,并探讨了在一些特殊情况下均衡价格的特性。然后将这一模型扩展到供小于求的情形,探讨模型的求解方法。算例分析了在折线竞争模式下零售商在面对顾客策略行为时,如何动态的决定价格。同时发现,在供大于求的情况下,顾客策略行为导致零售商的收益降低;在供小于求的情况下,一定程度的顾客策略行为可以使零售商获得更高的期望收益。 相似文献
17.
焕新计划是生产商为提升自身竞争优势而推出的一种促销手段,加入焕新计划的消费者在第一阶段可以享受全方位服务,在第二阶段可以享受以旧换新抵扣优惠。消费者将权衡加入焕新计划的费用、服务水平以及抵扣力度等因素决策是否在第一阶段加入焕新计划。本文假设时尚型消费者每阶段都会购买最新产品,而节俭型消费者第一阶段购买产品后在第二阶段继续使用,针对这两类消费者在实施焕新计划和不实施焕新计划两种情况下,构建两阶段模型以决策产品的最优定价;运用解析方法分析了产品的生产成本等参数对最优定价的影响;运用解析方法和数值算例方法对两模型进行对比。 相似文献
18.