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1.
Estimating intrahousehold allocation in a collective model with household production 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Thomas Aronsson Sven-Olov Daunfeldt Magnus Wikström 《Journal of population economics》2001,14(4):569-584
The purpose of this paper is to estimate the intra-family distribution of income and the individual demand for leisure and
household production from Swedish cross-sectional household data. As a basis for the analysis, we use a collective model where
each individual is characterized by his or her own utility function and divides total time between leisure, household production
and market work. For the purpose of comparison, we also estimate a version that is consistent with a more traditional model
of labor supply, the unitary model.
Received: 14 April 2000/Accepted: 12 January 2001 相似文献
2.
Sébastien Lecocq 《Journal of population economics》2001,14(4):585-597
In this paper, we test for the weak separability hypothesis imposed by the household production model between goods and time
inputs used in the production of different commodities. Our data come from a French survey which reports both expenditures
and time that households devote to some activities. The results allow us to show that the weak separability assumption cannot
be rejected only when households are strongly time constrained. In the opposite case, home time uses are found to be nonseparable.
Received: 24 November 1999/Accepted: 16 November 2000 相似文献
3.
The purpose of this paper is to study intergenerational optimal resources sharing when the social planer can choose the retirement
age in addition to consumptions and investment. We use the extension of the Diamond analysis by Hu [1979] that incorporates
endogenous retirement age. We found that the optimal retirement age is an increasing function of the population growth rate
if the elasticity of substitution of old agents' labor for young agents' labor is lower than one. In the millian case, when
the size of a population does not matter, and when the elasticity of substitution of old agents' labor for young agents' labor
is strictly higher than one, the optimal retirement age is a decreasing function of the population growth rate. In the benthamite
case, the change in the optimal retirement age is indeterminate.
Received: 19 February 1999/Accepted: 27 February 2001
All correspondence to Bertrand Crettez. We would like to thank Jean-Pierre Vidal for very helpful comments on an earlier
draft. An anonymous referee provided insightful comments on a previous version of this paper. Responsible editor: Alessandro Cigno. 相似文献
4.
This paper investigates the commonly asserted proposition that long term economic changes have put the family in a financial
bind. Structural parameters of a family utility model are obtained by estimating simultaneous labor supply functions for a
two-earner household. We find evidence indicating that the average 1990‘s two-earner family would prefer to receive the 1980‘s
real wage package (were it available) instead of the real wage package it actually faces. The degree to which the 1990‘s family
is worse off (in terms of the changes in the real wage package) is roughly equivalent to an hour of leisure per week.
Received September 25, 1995 / Accepted February 5, 1997 相似文献
5.
The purpose of this article is to construct a theoretical framework characterizing the interactions among economic development,
ecosystem equilibrium and possible population decline, and to discuss the population dynamics in the very long run. In our
framework, economic activities bridge population and environment. On the one hand, human beings reform the environment through
economic activities; on the other hand, economic activities decrease environmental resilience and increase the possibility
of an environmental change in a discontinuous and irreversible pattern, as described in Arrow et al. (1995). Furthermore,
a highly developed economy also causes over-specialization of human adaptation, which tends to exaggerate the impact of an
environmental change on human population size.
Received: 19 January 1999/Accepted: 3 July 1999 相似文献
6.
Social security policy with public debt in an aging economy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tetsuo Ono 《Journal of population economics》2003,16(2):363-387
This paper analyzes a social security policy with public debt in an overlapping generations growth model. In particular,
the paper considers a situation in which population aging causes a heavy burden of social security payments where public debt
is issued by the government to finance the payment. In the model presented below, an economy with an aging population may
achieve two dynamically inefficient equilibria. Under certain conditions, the effects of pension reform and population aging
on capital accumulation are entirely different between the two equilibria.
Received: 23 July 2001/Accepted: 22 August 2002
I am deeply grateful to an anonymous referee and Professor A. Cigno, the Editor of this journal, for their valuable comments
and suggestions. I am also grateful to Kazuyo Tanimoto and Kiheiji Nishida for their research assistance. Any remaining errors
are my own. The research reported here was conducted as part of a larger study, the “Project on Intergenerational Equity”
at the Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University. Financial support from Kani Hoken Bunka Zaidan is also gratefully
acknowledged. Responsible editor: Alessandro Cigno. 相似文献
7.
In this paper, data from the 1997 Swiss Labour Force Survey are used to analyse the allocation and value of time assigned
to housework and child-care. It is shown that men's allocation of time to housework and child-care is largely invariant to
changes in socio-economic factors. Women's allocation of time to housework and child-care, on the other hand, is shown to
depend on several social, economic, and demographic factors. The value of time assigned to housework and child-care is calculated
with two market replacement cost methods and three opportunity cost methods. The results show that the value of time assigned
to housework and child-care ranges from 27% to 39% and from 5% to 8% of GDP (in 1997), respectively. The value of time assigned
to housework and child-care is also calculated for different household structures.
Received: 15 April 1999/Accepted: 5 May 2000 相似文献
8.
François Bourguignon 《Journal of population economics》1999,12(4):503-521
The collective approach to household consumption behavior tries to infer from variables supposed to affect the general bargaining
position of household members information on the allocation of consumptions goods and tasks among them. This paper investigates
the extension of previous work to the case where children may be considered as a public consumption good by the two adult
members of a household. The main question being asked is whether it is possible to retrieve from the aggregate consumption
behaviour of the household and the relative earnings of the parents information on the allocation of goods between them and
children. This alternative approach to the estimation of the ‘cost of children’ is contrasted with the conventional approach
based on a ‘unitary’ representation of and demographic separability assumptions on household consumption behaviour.
Received: 29 August 1997/Accepted: 26 November 1998 相似文献
9.
In this paper we show that the macroeconomic effects of demographic changes strongly depend on the degree of altruism and
on the specification of the intertemporal utility function. We allow for agents either to be altruistic in the sense of Barro
(1974) or non-altruistic. In the latter case, generations are heterogeneous like in the „unloved children” model of Weil (1989).
In the former case, where the model is a standard Ramsey model with identical agents, we distinguish a Millian and a Benthamite
intertemporal utility function. For each of these models, we study the effects of an anticipated and unanticipated permanent
decline in population growth as well as the consequences of a baby-boom/baby-bust scenario.
Received April 17, 1996/Accepted December 10, 1996 相似文献
10.
Kolmar M 《Journal of population economics》1997,10(3):335-356
For pay-as-you-go financed pension systems, claims may be calculated according to individual contributions (income) or the
number of children of a family. We analyse the optimal structure of these parameters in a model with endogenous fertility.
It is shown that for both structural determinants there exists no interior solution of the problem of intragenerational utility
maximisation. Thus, pure systems are always welfare maximizing. Furthermore, children-related pension claims induce a fiscal
externality that tends to be positive. The determination of the optimal contribution rate shows that the widely accepted Aaron-condition
is in general a misleading indicator for the comparison of fully funded and pay-as-you-go financed pension systems.
Received March 12, 1996 / Accepted January 27, 1997 相似文献
11.
The trade-off between parents' time with their own kids and market work, and its dependence on out-of-home day care is analyzed
in a simultaneous equation framework. Economic incentives primarily work through decisions about market work, while the direct
effects on time with children are weak. The results suggest that a change in the mother's working hours has less influence
on the parents' time with their children than a change in the father's working hours. This would imply that a policy working
to increase the time with people's own children should primarily influence the father's work hours. We also find that parents
prefer joint activities with their children, and that out-of-home child care is not chosen as a substitute for own time with
children.
Received: 1 February 2000/Accepted: 22 May 2002
All correspondence to Daniel Hallberg. Helpful comments and suggestions from Henry Ohlsson and anonymous referees are gratefully
acknowledged. We also appreciate comments from Martin Browning and seminar participants at Uppsala and Ume? universities.
Financial support from the Swedish Council for Social Research (SFR) is gratefully acknowledged. Responsible editor: John F. Ermisch. 相似文献
12.
. The history of preindustrial Europe provides an opportunity to examine the causes and consequences of population change
at a macro level. However, serious statistical problems arise from the endogeneity of all observed variables in a Malthusian
system (fertility, mortality, population size, and real wages), and from unobserved influences such as shifts in the demand
for labor and variations in health. These problems have undermined both informal inference from the data and more complex
econometric investigations. This paper takes a new statistical approach, finding the maximum likelihood estimate of a state
space representation of the Malthusian system by repeated application of Kalman filter methods, using annual data from England,
1540 to 1870. The new estimates confirm some findings of the earlier literature and contradict others. Some variables are
estimated for the first time. Implications are discussed for the interpretation of English economic-demographic history.
Received: 3 January 2000/Accepted: 22 January 2001 相似文献
13.
Emmanuel Thibault 《Journal of population economics》2001,14(2):391-407
This paper examines the consequences of labor immigration in an OLG economy in which agents have an elastic labor supply
and differ with respect to degrees of altruism and rates of time preference. It focuses on three substantive questions. First,
how do immigrants influence the bequest motive of altruistic natives? Second, what impact do immigrants have on the labor
supply of natives? Finally, how does immigration affect the long-run welfare of both altruistic and non altruistic natives?
Received: 25 November 1999/Accepted: 07 April 2000 相似文献
14.
Strulik H 《Journal of population economics》1997,10(3):285-298
The present paper discusses the long-run effects of two interdependent relations between economic and population growth.
According to a frequently used formulation of the population-push hypothesis, learning-by-doing effects in production lead
to increasing returns to scale and, therefore, to a positive correlation between economic and population growth. In accordance
to the theory of demographic transition the population growth rate initially increases with rising income levels and then
declines. Regarding this relationship, the existence and stability of a low-income equilibrium and a high-income equilibrium
will be shown in a neoclassical growth model. Under plausible conditions a demo-economic transition from the first to the
second steady-state takes place. The result yields a meaningful interpretation of the population-push hypothesis, which is
consistent with the empirical findings on the correlation between economic and population growth.
Received March 8, 1996 / Accepted October 24, 1996 相似文献
15.
Most recent studies on poverty and inequality in developed countries focus on income. In contrast, this paper presents trends in consumption-based poverty and inequality in nine member countries of the European Union. During the 1980s, both poverty and inequality increased in Italy, France, the United Kingdom, Germany and Belgium, while decreases in both poverty and inequality are observed for Spain and Portugal. In Greece only inequality increased. For most countries for which income-based results are available, these move in the same direction as the consumption-based results. However, this sensitivity analysis yields considerable differences in the ranking of countries and the magnitude of the changes. Received: 13 June 1997/Accepted: 29 February 2000 相似文献
16.
In this paper we investigate the possibility of Pareto improving social security reforms within a framework of endogenous
growth. Belan et al. (1998) propose a transition from a pay-as-you-go (PAYG) pension system to a system of savings–subsidization.
We follow this approach and prove that a Pareto improving conversion from the PAYG system to a fully funded one is possible.
Finally, we compare the subsidy system with the fully funded system and discuss the problem of implementing the transition
to the fully funded system.
Received: 07 March 1999/Accepted: 13 December 1999 相似文献
17.
The sectoral labor supply of married couples in Brazil: Testing the unitary model of household behavior 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jill Tiefenthaler 《Journal of population economics》1999,12(4):591-606
An assumption of the unitary model of household decision-making is that household members maximize one household utility
function. This assumption implies that households pool their income and, therefore, the ownership of nonwage income has no
effect on household demand. In this paper, this implication is tested by estimating multi-sector labor supply equations for
men and women in Brazil. The results indicate that the unitary model is rejected in the informal and self-employment sectors
for men and the formal and informal sectors for women; in these cases own nonwage income has a significantly negative effect
on labor supply while spousal nonwage income has no significant effect.
Received: 29 December 1997/Accepted: 9 December 1998 相似文献
18.
Sectoral gender wage differentials and discrimination in the transitional Chinese economy 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
China's economic reform has affected various ownership sectors to different degree. A comparison of gender wage differentials
and discrimination among individuals employed in the three sectors – state sector, the collective sector, and the private
sector – provides information on the impact of economic reform. Two Chinese data sets from Shanghai and Jinan are used to
examine the gender wage gap across the three sectors. It is found that privatization/marketization of the economy leads to
larger wage differentials as human capital characteristics are more appropriately rewarded. Both data sets show that the relative
share of discrimination in the overall gender wage differential declines substantially across ownership sectors from the state
to the private. The increase in gender wage differential due to marketization is much larger than any increase in differential
that may arise from more gender discrimination.
Received: 5 November 1997/Accepted: 10 January 2000 相似文献
19.
Chengze Simon Fan 《Journal of population economics》2001,14(1):101-117
This paper examines the interaction between decisions on divorce and fertility. The analysis generates two major implications.
Firstly, it complements the existing literature on endogenous fertility to explain why population growth and economic growth
can be negatively correlated after an economy develops to a certain level. Secondly, it indicates that economic development
leads to a simultaneous increase in divorce rates and decrease in fertility rates.
Received: 05 February 1999/Accepted: 20 December 1999 相似文献
20.
Anders Björklund Tor Eriksson Markus Jäntti Oddbjörn Raaum Eva Österbacka 《Journal of population economics》2002,15(4):757-772
The correlation in economic status among siblings is a useful “omnibus measure” of the overall impact of family and community
factors on adult economic status. In this study we compare brother correlations in long-run (permanent) earnings between the
United States, on one hand, and the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden) on the other. Our base case results,
based on very similar sample criteria and definitions for all countries, show that this correlation is above 0.40 in the United
States and in the range 0.14–0.26 in the Nordic countries. Even though these results turn out to be somewhat sensitive to
some assumptions that have to be made, we conclude that the family and community factors are more important determinants of
long-run earnings in the United States than in the Nordic countries.
Received: 27 July 2000/Accepted: 7 March 2001
All correspondence to: Anders Bj?rklund. Comments from two referees, conference participants at ESPE2000 and the Canadian
Employment Research Forum, seminar participants in Aarhus, Uppsala, Bonn, and Stockholm are gratefully acknowledged. We thank
NOS-S for financial support. The Swedish data collection was also supported by HSFR and SFR. The Finnish data were obtained
with support from the Yrj? Jahnsson Foundation. We thank Tom Erik Aab? for preparing the Norwegian data, and Esben Agerbo
for computational assistance with the Danish data. Responsible editor: John F. Ermisch. 相似文献