试论社会转型期下安全阀制度的建立——以“石首事件”为例

随着社会多元化的发展，社会各种矛盾冲突不断加剧，群体性事件频频发生。在社会转型期的大背景下，对群体性事件的防处必须立足于爆发的根源。文中以石首事件为例，确定了对此类事件防处的根本方法——安全阀制度。     

浅析我国的群体性事件

当前我国正处于社会转型期,旧的利益格局已经被打破新的利益机制尚未健全．社会冲突、社会矛盾日益复杂化。群体性事件正是现行社会各种社会矛盾冲突的产物。文章试从群体性事件的概念、特点、成因等方面进行分析,从而提出相应的解解决方案,以期更好的处理好这一社会现象。     

政治社会学视域下对群体性突发事件的反思

我国群体性突发事件本质上是社会冲突的一种表现形式。以法兰克福学派为代表的"冲突论流派"认为,社会冲突主要源于社会中财富、权利、地位等不平等和社会异质性的增加;中国经济体制转轨过程中利益和结构的调整引发了许多问题:社会就业压力日益增大;公共服务资源配置的不合理;社会保障体系的不完善;非政府组织不发达;社会沟通、宣泄渠道不畅及利益协调机制不健全等,都可能导致社会问题激化,从而引起群体性突发事件。     

网络群体性事件的生成及化解办法

目前,中国正处于转型期,各种矛盾冲突时有出现,随着新兴媒介的发展,公众越来越倾向于利用网络来发表关于社会问题的态度和意见,并形成了强大的网络舆论,网络群体性事件也由此得以频繁发生。那么,究竟什么是网络群体性事件?它的演化规律是怎样的?政府又该如何有效应对它呢?本文试图一一予以探讨。     

社会转型与家庭育儿功能的转移——日本2010年《育儿理念》的经验与启示

伴随着社会转型期家庭结构和模式的改变,现代家庭的功能和需求发生了根本性变化,传统以家庭为主的育儿模式在现代社会表现出极大的局限性和缺陷性,社会有必要积极和主动地参与并为家庭提供育儿的支持和援助。日本2010年《育儿理念》中从“家庭育儿”、“家长育儿”向“社会育儿”的理念转变及其具体实施经验为转型期中国社会的育儿提供了有益的借鉴：要改变传统观念,在政府的引导和统筹协调下,建立专业的家庭社会工作体系、开拓广泛的社会资源、构建积极有效的家社一体化育儿支援体制。     

“问题化”的背后——对当前中国社会冲突的反思

最近几年，中国的改革已经逐渐进入了“深水区”，具体表现在两个方面：一是社会冲突愈益激烈，2005年的大规模群体性事件多达87，000起，是1993年的10倍之多：二是去年出现了关于改革成败和方向的论争，这实际上是现实中的社会冲突在意识形态领域的一种反映。改革进入“深水区”，这就意味着“摸着石头过河”的做法不再可行，而必须对当代中国社会的主要矛盾和根本问题有一个清晰的判断，理性认识当前中国的社会冲突也就显得尤为紧要。     

以社会工作的方法化解社会冲突

本刊4月（上）编发请社会工作界的同仁对社会工作在缓解社会矛盾、预防“群体性事件”中可以发挥哪些作用的讨论后,郑州大学公共管理学院社会工作系教授张明锁提出了他的看法。     

香港的社会工作及其运行机制

第二次世界大战以后 ,香港逐渐成为一个市场经济发达的都市社会。为了解决转型期出现的各种社会问题 ,香港逐步建立起了一套与其市场经济体制和经济社会发展水平相适应的专业社会工作 (ＳｏｃｉａｌＷｏｒｋ)体系 ,各种旨在提高居民生活质量和解决社会问题的社会服务 ,深入到社会生活的各个层面。专业社会工作是香港社会安全与调节机制中与社会救助性保障相辅相成的另一个重要支柱。初期的香港社会工作是以福利性救济服务为主的 ,从 2 0世纪 70年代起 ,香港大力推行社会工作的专业化。香港回归后 ,专业社会工作有了更大的发展。近年来 ,笔者…     

高校群体性事件研究——基于法社会学视角分析

法社会学是研究法律与社会的关系的学科，是法学与社会学相互结合的产物。法社会学视野下高校群体性事件的发生是大学生对自身利益没有借助公力救济或者利益诉求渠道不畅、权利保护不足等因素共同作用的结果。针对高校群体性事件的突发性、破坏性大和群体性等特点，本文基于法社会学的视角，探讨建立以“预防”为主，“治理”为辅的管理机制。建立评价预警机制，实时监测高校中的不稳定因素，一旦发现问题，及时化解。主要是通过对高校群体性事件预防及治理，来实现对高校群体性事件的控制。     

社会凝聚力简论

社会凝聚力和“冲突力”与“影响力”一起,构成完整的人际相互作用力体系。凝聚力具有整合功能、稳定功能等;依照产生方式而分为认同性凝聚力与互补性凝聚力;探讨建立适合我国国情的凝聚力体系,应当从社会层面、组织层面等入手,逐步认识和完善起来。     

大学生角色多元化与职业心理变迁

大学生社会角色随着社会的发展和时代的变迁不断被赋予新的内涵，体现出与社会期待相适应的特征。当代大学生社会角色具有过渡性、多重性与多变性特征，急剧的社会变革导致社会角色的多元化，加剧了角色冲突，增加了大学生在未来职业道路选择上的不确定性。大学生对社会角色的适应与转变深刻影响着他们的职业价值取向，使其职业心理体现出鲜明的时代特征。     

上海城市更新中利益冲突与博弈的分析

改革开放以来,中国社会矛盾与冲突日益凸显,政治社会环境变化对城市规划的影响不容忽视。在城市规划建设过程中,作为利益冲突与博弈的三方,政府、商业利益群体、居民的行为都在利己与利他之间徘徊并寻找平衡点。围绕城市更新利益而形成的三角冲突与博弈表现为,政府与商业利益群体之间冲突与合作并存,政府与民众之间冲突与依赖并存,开发商与居民之间冲突与不信任并存。在＂柔性机制＂的作用下,城市更新中的冲突与博弈没有引发彻底的结构性变动,但其仍然对社会变革与发展具有推动。面临全球化时代激烈的竞争环境,地方政府在城市规划建设中更要做到＂形式民主＂。     

Conflicts,friendship cliques and territorial displays in senior center environments

Humans are territorial, laying claim to places and objects as a way of regulating social interaction and fulfilling a variety of social motives. We observed territoriality to facilitate both inclusionary and exclusionary group behaviors within senior center spaces. We observed approximately 300 participants over 120 h and interviewed 30 participants in three multipurpose senior centers. Territories supported group identity and interaction for friends who shared dining tables in two centers. However, those two centers also had frequent dining area territorial conflicts and few other spaces or opportunities for meaningful center participation. The conflicts entailed the reinforcement of social cliques at the cost of exclusion of others. A third center exhibited fewer territorial conflicts and a wider variety of shared and attractive settings, such as a living room and hobby rooms. In addition, strong self-governance of this center allowed participants to lay claim to the entire center, rather than relying on ownership of specific dining seats.     

Conflicted Membership: Women in Fathers' Rights Groups

Women who participate in mixed-gender, antifeminist movements are not a homogeneous group of actors who face no identity-based conflicts when they mobilize for these causes. Using 23 in-depth interviews with women involved in the American fathers' rights movement—which has as its goal the reformation of child support and child custody laws in ways that are more favorable to men and less favorable to women—I argue that mixed-gender, antifeminist activism has the potential to produce high levels of tension for female participants between their various social identities and their collective movement identity. Indeed, almost half of these women elaborate on how two particular manifestations of their social identities—as simultaneous members of other feminist groups and simply as women—clash with the collective identity generated by the fathers' rights movement. Ultimately, these women coped with these competing allegiances in a variety of proactive ways. In contrast, the other half of the sample experienced no such tensions. These differential patterns of identity-based conflicts are suggestive of the hazards associated with a social movement's efforts to attract a wider membership base over time.     

创新社会管理,深化社会转型——2011/2012年上海社会形势分析

2011年是"十二五"开局之年,也是世博效应、世博经验进一步放大和深化之年,上海坚持"创新驱动、转型发展"主线,积极探索现代国际化大都市的社会建设新路,取得了较为明显的进展。展望2012年,宏观经济日趋复杂,城市转型日益加快,社会阶层不断分化,人口格局深刻调整,既有社会矛盾和潜在风险因子互错交织,上海新一轮社会建设将面临更大压力和挑战。对此,迫切要求上海高度重视社会建设,加强和创新社会管理,确保上海社会转型平稳、深入推进。     

Locating Footbinding: Variations across Class and Space in Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century China*

In this article I look at footbinding as a social and cultural practice embedded in the daily life conditions of women and their families. I sketch a picture of variations based primarily on regional and class differences in nineteenth and early twentieth century practices of footbinding and in efforts to eradicate them. The period in question is one of interest precisely because it is a time of transition. I look simultaneously at footbinding as a practice and as a target of criticism, defense, and transformation. This allows me to consider the ways in which it was practiced by women to represent, shape, and constrain their own, their daughters,' and their families' cultural, social, economic, and political lives. Relying largely on missionary journals, personal histories, diaries, and travel writing, I examine the practice and the demise of footbinding in various social and spatial locations. Although sources which permit a close look at embedded social practices of footbinding are scarce, it seems clear that both the practice of various forms of footbinding and the process of its eventual demise involved strategies, conflicts, and habits which differed along gender, class, and geographic lines of distinction. I suggest that the variety of forms the practice of footbinding took in lived experience of women's social lives is not incidental to its conceptualization and meaning, but rather central to it.     

Commerce and Capitalism in Late Medieval England: Problems of Description and Theory*

Abstract Marx's account of the transition from feudalism to capitalism is usually handled too narrowly in discussions of the later Middle Ages. When its full scope is taken into account the period 1300–1530 is shown to be more a period of arrested development than one of critical importance. The period 1000–1300 showed a much greater shift towards capitalism. By implication, the transition needs analysing as a much longer process than most traditional accounts imply. The article also queries the coherence of accounts of late medieval change that refuse to give autonomous weight to declining population as a cause of social change.     

Role of parents in the development of social competency among adolescents

ABSTRACT

Adolescence, the transition period between childhood and adulthood, is a period of great risks and possibilities. Teen years comprise a period of intense growth not only physically but also morally and intellectually. The adolescence has traditionally been portrayed as a state of internal civil war. In the period of revolutionary change, social competence refers to the social, emotional, and cognitive skills and behaviors that child need for successful social adaptation. So in this critical period of change, parents have to deal their child with proper guidance, love, and sympathy to enable his or her to tackle various problems of adolescence of his or her life. This may successfully bring about the welfare of the society and help the child to grow into the distinct individual. In this paper, an attempt is made to explore the connection between parental role and development of social competence among adolescents using effective tools covering various dimensions. A sample of 160 adolescent students of various schools of Ajmer district of India in the age group of 13 to 18 years was randomly selected covering male-female students, rural-urban students, and students of government and private schools. Tools developed for parental role scale and social competence scale were administered. Various statistical techniques were applied on the data collected. ANOVA test results show that three groups of parental role, e.g., higher parental role group, average parental role group, and lower parental role group, significantly differ in achieving social competence. Based on the findings, the paper presents educational implications.     

走向积极的社会管理

当前对社会管理问题的着力强调,源于社会问题、社会矛盾以及社会冲突的不断增加和由此所形成的对社会生活的冲击。与传统社会相比,我们身处其中的是一个更为复杂、更具风险、充满了不确定性的世界。在面临诸多压力和挑战的情况下,很容易形成对社会管理的误解,即将社会管理片面地理解为一种消极的、防范性的手段,误解为加强权力对社会的全面控制。社会管理的真正目的是改善人类的生存状况;而积极的社会管理则以主动的建设和变革为手段,以改善社会的状况、建设一个充满幸福感的、更好的社会为目标。公平正义是积极社会管理的实现途径。健全社会机制是积极社会管理的关键。     

Effects of Ownership Rights on Conflicts Between Toddler Peers

This study examined property conflicts in thirty‐two 20‐ and 30‐month‐old peer dyads during eighteen 40‐min play sessions. Ownership influenced conflicts. Both 20‐ and 30‐month‐old owners claimed ownership (“mine”) and instigated and won property conflicts more often than non‐owners. At 30 months, owners also resisted peers’ instigations more often than non‐owners. Mothers’ interventions supported non‐owners more often than owners, in part because owners initiated conflict more frequently. Children who received mothers’ support tended to win disputes. Finally, mothers’ support of owners and children’s adherence to ownership rights led to decreased conflict as relationships developed, supporting predictions based on theories concerning the social utility of ownership rights.