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1.
Theorizing indicators 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Ivar Frønes 《Social indicators research》2007,83(1):5-23
Policymakers and social theorists have increasingly come to rely on social indicators to guide their decisions and theories.
Social indicators are also useful in bridging theory and empirical research as well as the traditional gap between policymaking
and social theory. The concept of social indicators covers interpretation of cultural signs, simple statistical measures,
and complex statistical indexes related to sets of domains. The article views the development of child well-being indicators
as central not only in the social welfare field, but as an indicator of future societal conditions, given that children’s
lives are especially sensitive to social change. The paper addresses the development of indicators of children’s well-being,
arguing that the expansion of the field, the complexity of new domains and indicators, and the position of children as “being”
and “becoming”, they are citizens of the present as well as being socialized for the future, illustrates that the next crucial
step for the field is to further elaborate theories and models. 相似文献
2.
Asher Ben-Arieh John Gal Lenna Nepomnyaschy Irwin Garfinkel 《Social indicators research》2007,80(1):223-248
This article presents a comparative study in which social indicators were employed as a means to examine differences in living
conditions and family and children outcomes on a local level. The study obtained household-level data on the well-being of
children and families in two cities: New York (NYC) and Tel Aviv (TLV). Data were collected using computer assisted telephone
interview (CATI) technology and random digit dialing (RDD). Telephone interviews were conducted with the randomly selected
adults in English, Spanish and Chinese in NYC and in Hebrew in TLV. The study reported here documented differences in family
and child well-being between the two cities. It further documented that family size and caregiver level of education play
a similar role in both cities and their importance in regard to child and family outcomes. The significant differences found
in adults’ and especially children’s outcomes were analyzed by the caregiver’s level of education and further support the
need for policies that alleviate the burden of less educated caregivers and aim to improve the well-being of them and their
families. The study demonstrates the relevance of social indicators at the local level, not only for measuring outcomes among
specific populations, but also in regard to their possible implications for social policies, a most timely task in an era
of social services devolution. 相似文献
3.
Katarina Boye 《Social indicators research》2009,93(3):509-525
Absolute as well as relative hours of paid and unpaid work may influence well-being. This study investigates whether absolute
hours spent on paid work and housework account for the lower well-being among women as compared to men in Europe, and whether
the associations between well-being and hours of paid work and housework differ by gender attitudes and social context. Attitudes
towards women’s and men’s paid work and housework obligations may influence how beneficial or detrimental it is to spend time
on these activities, as may social comparison of one’s own hours to the number of hours commonly spent among similar others.
A group of 13,425 women and men from 25 European countries are analysed using country fixed-effects models. The results suggest
that while men’s well-being appears to be unaffected by hours of paid work and housework, women’s well-being increases with
increased paid working hours and decreases with increasing housework hours. Gender differences in time spent on paid work
and housework account for a third of the European gender difference in well-being and are thus one reason that women have
lower well-being than men have. Gender attitudes do not appear to modify the associations between hours and well-being, but
there is a tendency for women’s well-being to be higher the less housework they do compared to other women in the same family
situation and country. However, absolute hours of paid work and housework appear to be more important to women’s well-being
than relative hours.
相似文献
Katarina BoyeEmail: |
4.
Po Yin Wong 《Population research and policy review》2011,30(1):43-57
The use of modern medical care for child delivery in rural Guatemala is low relative to other Latin American countries. In
the previous literature, factors such as a woman’s age, education, ethnicity, religious affiliation and income are found to
be important determinants of the type of delivery medical care she receives. This study hypothesizes that a woman’s marital
status influences her decision as well. Using a binomial logit framework, the study finds that unmarried women are more likely
to see a modern medical provider in delivery than married women, even after controlling for demographic, socioeconomic, and
husbands’ characteristics. Therefore, unmarried women seem to make more informed decisions in terms of their attitudes in
childbearing and maternal health relative to their married counterparts. As a result, both economic as well as social developments
seem necessary to induce changes in the high incidence of maternal mortality and morbidity in Guatemala. 相似文献
5.
Few studies have examined whether sex differences in mortality are associated with different distributions of risk factors
or result from the unique relationships between risk factors and mortality for men and women. We extend previous research
by systematically testing a variety of factors, including health behaviors, social ties, socioeconomic status, and biological
indicators of health. We employ the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey III Linked Mortality File and use Cox
proportional hazards models to examine sex differences in adult mortality in the United States. Our findings document that
social and behavioral characteristics are key factors related to the sex gap in mortality. Once we control for women’s lower
levels of marriage, poverty, and exercise, the sex gap in mortality widens; and once we control for women’s greater propensity
to visit with friends and relatives, attend religious services, and abstain from smoking, the sex gap in mortality narrows.
Biological factors—including indicators of inflammation and cardiovascular risk—also inform sex differences in mortality.
Nevertheless, persistent sex differences in mortality remain: compared with women, men have 30% to 83% higher risks of death
over the follow-up period, depending on the covariates included in the model. Although the prevalence ofriskfactors differs
by sex, the impact of those riskfactors on mortality is similar for men and women. 相似文献
6.
Po Keung Ip 《Social indicators research》2011,104(3):459-474
Discourses on Chinese folk happiness are often based on anecdotal narratives or qualitative analysis. Two traditional concepts
of happiness popular in Chinese culture are introduced. The paper constructs a concept of Chinese folk happiness on basis
of the findings of a scientific survey on the Taiwanese people regarding their concepts of well-being at nation and personal
levels. The survey has revealed that people’s concepts of well-being are consisted of a diversity of elements including political,
economic, social, and cultural factors, as well as health, family, job, and social relationships. The paper compares these
concepts with the traditional notions of Chinese folk happiness. 相似文献
7.
Siew-Ean Khoo 《Journal of Population Research》2012,29(2):119-140
The paper examines ethnic differences in the social and economic well-being of the immigrant aged in Australia and the factors
affecting older immigrants’ well-being as measured by a number of indicators. The data analysis is guided by the concept of
the ‘Third Age’ as the basis for a more positive approach to the discussion of ageing and as a life-cycle stage of independent
living in old age, focusing on the pursuit of an active retirement and the absence of core activity restrictions. Data from
the 2006 population census on living arrangements, need for assistance with daily activities, income, participation in paid
work and volunteering, and provision of care to other family members are used to examine the social and economic well-being
of the immigrant population aged 65 and over identified by their country or region of origin and in comparison with the Australian-born
aged. Policy implications of the research findings are discussed. 相似文献
8.
Laura H. Lippman 《Social indicators research》2007,83(1):39-53
This paper traces the history of indicators and indices of child well-being from its origins in the social indicator movement
of the 1970s through recent developments in the field. Initial work calling for comprehensive sets of indicators of child
well-being and later recommendations for indicator improvement are detailed. Products that resulted from these recommendations,
such as comprehensive indicator reports and online resources are described. The development of child well-being indices is
shown to parallel the history of indicators. The contributions of state and international indicator and index projects are
included as well. Important aspects of child well-being indicator development are uncovered through documenting its history,
including the need to focus on subjective as well as objective measures of well-being, and the need to develop indicators
for the multiple ecological contexts of children’s lives, but to separate measures of context from measures of child outcomes.
A rough consensus emerges across the history of indicator efforts on the critical domains of child well-being: physical, psychological,
cognitive, social, and economic well-being. Recent recognition of the importance of indicators of positive development is
noted.
This paper was funded by the KIDS COUNT project of the Annie E. Casey Foundation. 相似文献
9.
Gary Neil Marks 《Social indicators research》2011,104(2):225-251
Parental occupation and education are used extensively in the analysis of socioeconomic inequalities in education and subsequent
social and economic outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to examine if different ways of measuring socioeconomic background
substantially alter substantive conclusions on cross-national differences in socioeconomic inequalities in student achievement.
The effects of father’s occupational group are largely consistent across countries, with students from teaching backgrounds
scoring very highly in many countries. Student performance by mother’s educational group is quite similar across countries
although the relative performance of students whose mothers completed vocational education differs between countries. Notwithstanding
these differences, continuous measures of father’s and mother’s occupation and education, and composite measures comprising
combinations of these four indicators and additional indicators produce similar, but not identical, orderings of countries
in terms of socioeconomic inequalities in student performance. However common single indicator measures, mother’s education
and father’s occupation do not show a particularly high correspondence, cross-nationally. On theoretical and empirical grounds,
the preferred measure is a composite of both parents’ occupation and education. 相似文献
10.
Well-Being and Social Capital: Does Suicide Pose a Puzzle? 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
John F. Helliwell 《Social indicators research》2007,81(3):455-496
This paper has a double purpose: to see how well Durkheim’s [1897, Le Suicide (Paris: 1e edition)] findings apply a century later, and to see if the beneficial effects of social capital on suicide prevention are
parallel to those already found for subjective well-being (Helliwell 2003, Economic Modelling 20(2), pp. 331–360). The results
show that more social capital and higher levels of trust are associated with lower national suicide rates, just as they are
associated with higher levels of subjective well-being. Furthermore, there is a strong negative correlation between national
average suicide rates and measures of life satisfaction. Thus social capital does appear to improve well-being, whether measured
by higher average values of life satisfaction or by lower average suicide rates. There is a slight asymmetry, since the very
high Scandinavian measures of subjective well-being are not matched by equally low suicide rates. To take the Swedish case
as an example, this asymmetry is explained by Sweden having particularly high values of variables that have more weight in
explaining life satisfaction than suicide (especially quality of government), and less beneficial values of variables that
have more influence in explaining suicide rates (Swedes have low belief in God and high divorce rates), because with the latest
data and models the Swedish data fit the well-being and suicide equations with only tiny errors. If the international suicide
data pose a puzzle, it is more because suicide rates, and their estimated equations, differ greatly by gender, while life
satisfaction and its explanations are similar for men and women. 相似文献
11.
Heinz-Herbert Noll 《Social indicators research》2011,102(1):111-116
The recently published report by the “Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress” is being
discussed and commented from the point of view of social indicators research, which addresses issues of the measurement of
well-being and social progress since the 1960s. Some of the recommendations made by the Stiglitz-Sen-Fitoussi—Report thus
seem to be well known and all but new and innovative from a social indicators perspective. It is also argued that the report
ignores some of the available approaches, instruments and ongoing activities to measure and monitor well-being and the quality
of life, which go well beyond GDP, such as e.g. social reports. The Commission’s report is nevertheless considered a major
step forward towards a considerably improved measurement of well-being and social progress. 相似文献
12.
Takayoshi Kusago 《Social indicators research》2007,81(1):79-102
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has been utilized by academics and policy makers to indicate the economic well-being of the people.
However, economic growth measures cannot capture fully the overall well-being of the people. This paper has tested quality
of economic growth in Japan after World War II as to whether it has brought about positive outcome in the well-being of its
citizens. Comparison between GDP and GPI (Genuine Progress Index) has revealed that GDP does not fit as well with people’s
life satisfaction trend as GPI. Prefecture-based rankings on GDP, Human Development Index (HDI) and Life Satisfaction have
shown that there are clear gaps between objective measures and subjective measures to indicate the overall well-being of the
people. Also, analysis on major determinants for people’s life satisfaction reveals that older people, women, non-employed
people, and those who live in subsidized housings felt satisfied with their life. 相似文献
13.
Wolfgang Jagodzinski 《Social indicators research》2010,97(1):85-104
This paper investigates the influence of the economic, social, and cultural variables on life satisfaction in Asia and Europe.
The second section sets a unifying theoretical framework for all three domains by defining life satisfaction as a function
of aspirations and expectations which in turn are affected by micro- and macro-level variables. On the micro-level, economic
capital is a resource for the actor. On the macro-level, societal economic capital improves the opportunity structure for
the individual under certain conditions. Thus, economic capital on both levels positively affects the perceived chances of
fulfilling aspirations. As long as the latter remain unchanged life satisfaction will increase. Social and cultural factors
partially follow the same logic, as indicated by the terms social and cultural capital. Under a set of assumptions, the hypotheses
derived are that personal and societal economic capital, national pride and national integration, religiosity, and societal
religious integration, all positively affect the life satisfaction of the individual. A multi-level analysis of data from
the European Values Study and the AsiaBarometer confirms the micro-level hypotheses. The economic macro-level indicators also
display the theoretically expected positive effect on life satisfaction in the multivariate analysis of Asian and European
data. By contrast, the direct cross-level effects of a society’s national integration and particularly of religion do not
become significant in Europe, yet they are highly significant in Asia. This strong influence of the social and cultural context
in Asia can be interpreted in two different ways. 相似文献
14.
There are many indicators of a person’s well-being that could be used for policy purposes. Few would argue that any single
indicator of well-being is appropriate in all contexts and, increasingly, social scientists are attempting to integrate the
various indicators. Further successful integration depends on understanding how the various indicators of well-being relate
to one another in a dynamic way. This paper attempts to connect indicators of what people anticipate to indicators of what
is actually experienced and, in so doing, inform the normative debate about the appropriateness of different indicators in
policy contexts. 相似文献
15.
Although the Muslim world is sometimes depicted as a homogeneous civilization lacking democracy and gender equality, Muslim
countries show tremendous economic, political and cultural variation. In this paper, this variation is used to gain insight
into the determinants of women’s labor market participation (LMP) in the Muslim world. We use data on 45 Muslim countries
and apply SEM models to determine effects of modernization, democracy, cultural background, and state Islamization on women’s
participation in the formal economy (absolute LMP) and on the share of women in the labor force (relative LMP). Women’s absolute
LMP is higher in Muslim countries with higher levels of economic development and in the oil-exporting countries. For women’s
relative LMP, practical democracy (the degree to which people actively participate in the system) takes in a key position.
It has a strong positive effect on women’s relative LMP and mediates the effects of economic development (positive), formal
democratic structures (positive) and state Islamization (negative) on women’s relative LMP. Results indicate that in these
countries modernization may lead to empowerment of women by increasing their absolute LMP, but that for attaining gender equality
the political opportunity structures is most important. 相似文献
16.
As we have seen, the Commission’s final report outlines a comprehensive framework by defining some guidelines by: (a) identifying
the limits of GDP as an indicator of economic performance and social progress, including measurement problems; (b) considering
what additional information might be required for the production of more relevant social progress indicators; and (c) assessing
the feasibility of alternative measurement and presentation tools. The report argues that GDP should not be completely eliminated
by the options for measuring progress, but must be integrated with other information. In particular, the Committee defines
three major areas in which indicators should be developed: economic conditions, quality of life and sustainability. In the
European scene, but not only, there are many initiatives that aim at measuring the progress of countries and well-being through
different conceptual frameworks and by using several indicators. This work intends to analyze some of those relevant initiatives
by comparing and confronting them to the Commission’s recommendations, in order to check what already fits the commission
recommendations and what still needs to be defined in that perspective. 相似文献
17.
This paper examines the question of how social well-being, or quality of life, in Northern Ireland has changed through time
from 1958 to 1998. After reviewing major economic trends and governmental policy affecting the region, we develop an overall
measure of quality of life based on previous research into social well-being in Northern Ireland. We find that the ‘Troubles’
clearly impact the quality of life in Northern Ireland but not necessarily as broadly as one might suspect. The majority of
the sixteen underlying indicators used for creating a measure of social well-being remain largely unaffected by the conflict
and closely track increases in overall United Kingdom Gross Domestic Product. The remaining five measures of social well-being
are significantly impacted by the conflict. The resulting measures of social well-being and some suggested uses for future
research are then presented. 相似文献
18.
The Quality of Life in China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The Asia Barometer Survey of 2,000 respondents reveals that substantial majorities of the Chinese people experience feelings
of happiness, enjoyment, and accomplishment. In fact, the proportion experiencing these indicators of a high quality of life
are larger in China than in some more prosperous countries. Favorable historical comparison, sustained high economic growth,
satisfaction with interpersonal life, and a high percentage of married people are among the explanations for China’s prevalence
of subjective well-being. The Chinese people’s high levels of satisfaction with their interpersonal, material, and nonmaterial
life domains, their positive assessments of their relative living standards, and their high rate of marriage are three direct
positive influences on subjective well-being. Value priorities and other demographic characteristics also have indirect bearings
on subjective well-being in China. 相似文献
19.
An Index of Child Well-being in the European Union 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:11
While the living conditions of children and young people in the European Union have gained increasing recognition across the
EU, the well-being of children is not monitored on the European level. Based on a rights-based, multi-dimensional understanding
of child well-being we analyse data already available for the EU 25, using series data as well as comparative surveys of children
and young people. We compare the performance of EU Member States on eight clusters with 23 domains and 51 indicators and give
a picture of children’s overall well-being in the European Union. The clusters are children’s material situation, housing,
health, subjective well-being, education, children’s relationships, civic participation and risk and safety. 相似文献
20.
Daniel F. Neff 《Social indicators research》2007,80(2):313-341
South Africa has one of the highest inequality levels in the world. In 1993, nearly half of the population were considered
poor. These poverty and inequality levels were and still are a legacy of South Africa’s colonial and apartheid past. Since
the end of apartheid, there has been a strong governmental effort to combat poverty and in this light a ‘social indicators
movement’ has emerged. The aim of this article is to contribute to the South African social indicators research in three ways:
Firstly, this article introduces ethnicity as a unit of analysis in the context of poverty and well-being. It is argued that
racial categorisations are not justifiable and in the case of South Africa hide valuable insights. The results of an exploratory
analysis suggest that ethnicity allows a more insightful analysis of poverty and well-being than race. Secondly, this article
introduces a multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) in the context of subjective well-being research. Many studies regarding
subjective well-being in South Africa use ordered probit regression models. It is argued here that these models are based
on false assumptions and that a MCA can be seen as a suitable alternative since it constitutes an assumption free model. Lastly,
the insights gained from the exploratory analysis are discussed. The MCA seems to show that subjective well-being can be regarded
as an outcome measure. Furthermore, it is argued that there are cultural differences (between the ethnic groups) regarding
subjective well-being. It seems that the ethnic groups in South Africa have different conceptions of well-being and that different
factors influence their subjective well-being assessments.
This work is partly based on a Master thesis from 2004 at the Institute for Development Policy and Management at the University
of Manchester. I am grateful for the intellectual guidance, the constant support and encouragement by Wendy Olsen and for
the comments on earlier drafts from Peter Edward, David A. Clark and two anonymous reviewers. 相似文献