中国各地区科技竞争力研究

一个地区经济的发展与其科技水平密切相关,科技竞争力强的地区其经济实力必然强,反之亦然,文章首先提出了竞争力的概念,并提出了一个衡量科技竞争力的指标体系。在明确了因子分析原理及基本思想之后运用统计软件SPSS中的因子分析对收集到的26个指标进行了分析,找出了四个主要因子并为之命名。对各地区的科技竞争力综合得分进行排名并与1998年对比,得出东部地区与中部、西部在科技竞争力方面存在很大的差距,并着重对西部地区进行了分析,找出对策。     

我国高技术产业科技活动实力的比较分析

高技术产业属于技术创新活动频繁的行业,其技术创新必须以科技活动实力为前提,科技活动实力是保证各地区高技术产业竞争力的重要基础.文章通过选取科技活动环境、科技活动投入、科技活动产出与R&D投入等4个指标集合,运用因子分析方法,借助SPSS16.0统计分析软件衡量和评价我国各地区高技术产业科技活动实力.     

各地区国有独立核算工业企业综合实力评估分析

随着现代社会的发展 ,工业化进程的加快 ,新兴的工业企业数量越来越多 ,规模不断扩大 ,工业企业对各地区经济的发展作用愈加显著。为了更好地推动工业企业健康稳步地发展 ,促进其现代化和国际化 ,使我国的民族工业在加入WTO后立于不败之地 ,我们就有必要了解各地区独立核算工业企业的综合情况 ,并对其进行评估分析 ,分析的方法有很多 ,为了能够定量地反映实际情况 ,我们选取了主成分分析法     

工业企业经济效益综合评价与分析

考核工业企业的经济效益问题是一个永恒的话题。中央将振兴东北老工业基地列为国策，将东北和长三角、珠三角、环渤海这三个经济地区等量齐观，以期成为发展的“第四级”，这足以看出工业发展对国民经济、社会协调发展的巨大推动作用。各地区工业发展状况如何及怎样发展，都离不开良好的经济效益。因此，现在讨论工业企业经济效益问题有更大的现实意义。长期以来，由于自然资源、环境、政策的诸多原因，我国各地区工业发展极不平衡，     

两型社会视角下工业企业社会责任的评价模型研究

在两型社会视角下,对企业社会责任的范畴进行界定,建立了中国工业企业社会责任评价指标体系,并采用《中国统计年鉴》中31个地区2007年的原始数据,借助主成分分析方法和系统聚类分析方法研究中国工业企业社会责任现状。研究表明：中国各地区工业企业的社会责任履行状况一般;经济责任与生态责任存在负相关;道德责任对工业企业社会责任的影响力最大、经济责任的影响力最小;中国各地区工业企业的道德责任和法律责任的承担状况差异较大,生态责任和经济责任的差距相对而言较小。     

中国分地区大中型工业企业R&D资产折旧率测算

R&D资产折旧率作为R&D支出资本化过程中的重要指标,其数值直接影响我国资本存量、GDP等测算结果的准确性,但以往研究对R&D资产折旧内在原理的认识不足且对其数值的选取存在较大任意性.针对以上问题,本文借鉴前瞻利润模型构建了我国地区工业企业R&D资产折旧率测算模型,在选取1997-2010年《中国科技统计年鉴》数据的基础上,经科学测算将样本期延伸为1997-2015年,并采用数值最优化算法分别测算了各地区大中型工业企业R&D资产折旧率.结果表明,我国地区大中型工业企业R&D资产折旧率高于以往研究结果且各地区间存在明显差异.对于R&D资产技术含量高的地区、竞争程度低的地区、研发投入时滞期短的地区和自主研发能力强的地区R&D资产折旧率相对较低;反之,R&D资产折旧率相对较高.本文的测算结果弥补了R&D资产折旧率已有研究的不足,有助于我国各地区大中型工业企业R&D资产存量、R&D资产回报等进一步的研究.     

增强技术创新能力 促进企业快速发展

一、大中型工业企业科技活动基本情况 (一)大中型工业企业是全市科技活动的主体 包头市开展科技活动的有各类企业、科研机构及高等院 校等单位。其中,大中型工业企业在全市的科技活动中占据 着主导地位。2003年,在全市R＆D经费内部支出中,企业部 门支出占90.2％;科研机构支出占7.45％;高等院校支出占 1.96％;其他单位支出占0.39％。而在企业支出中,大中型 工业企业支出占90.0％。从中可以看出,大中型工业企业是 全市科技活动的主体。     

南京市下关区工业竞争力浅析

工业竞争力是反映一个地区整体经济发展实力的重要标志，也是一个地区加快工业化进程的决定因素。本文按新型工业化的要求，从经济效益、科技进步、资源消耗及综合利用、人力资源配置等几个方面，以国有及年销售收入500万元的非国有工业企业为总体（占下关区工业总量的98％以上），在地评价口径的多项工业经济指标为依据，对下关区工业综合竞争力，进行对比分析，反映我区工业竞争力的现状、问题，探讨提升全区工业竞争力水平，加快经济发展的途径。     

民营科技企业现状分析

纵观世界发达国家的经济发展历程和新兴工业国家经济腾飞的经验 ,民营科技型企业的发展 ,在增强国家综合国力、提高国际竞争力方面起着非常重要的作用。为了正确估量民营科技企业的发展现状 ,我们赴民营经济相对发达的宁波地区作了专题调研。一、宁波民营科技型企业发展概况宁波市第一家民营科研机构创建于１９８５年２月。截至１９９９年底 ,全市共有民营科技企业３７３家。据对１９９８年度３２０家民营科技企业调查 ,职工总数已达５３２２０人 ,其中具有初级以上技术职称的科技人员为７２００人 ,占职工总数的１３．５３ %。科技人员的高…     

达州工业:从外延发展到竞争力提升

长期以来,达州工业走的仍是依靠资源型、外延扩张发展的道路,成本高、效益差、竞争力不强的问题始终未能得到有效解决,产能过剩问题较为突出.当前,面临新型工业化的严峻挑战与巨大压力,各地区间工业发展的竞争加剧,提高工业品生产能力与市场竞争力成为当务之急. 现状:产能过剩,名牌较少 达州工业一直依托资源发展格局尚未得到根本改变,是典型的重型结构,2013年末轻、重工业产值比达到15∶85,重工业在国民经济中举足轻重,消费品工业发展明显不足.     

Analysis of changes in mortality in Poland

Mortality rates for both sexes for 5- and 10-year age intervals are analyzed for the years 1960-1983 for various localities of Poland. The author notes a decline in mortality since 1966, and provides new estimates of that trend. Some problems concerning the data are also considered.     

Estimation of population product in presence of non-response in successive sampling

The design of this paper is to examine the problem of estimation of finite population product in mail surveys for the current occasion in the context of sampling on two occasions is attempted when there is non-response on both the occasions. Estimators for the current occasion are derived as a particular case when there is non-response on first and second occasion only. The gain in efficiency of the proposed estimate over the direct estimate using no information gathered on the first occasion is computed. The proposed strategy has been compared with other estimators. An empirical study is carried out to study the performance of the proposed strategy.     

中国工资差异变动的分解

使用CHNS（中国健康与营养调查）提供的工资横截面数据,通过Oaxaca-Blinder分解方法,在分位数回归的基础上,分别以总样本、东部样本和中西部样本,对1989—2006年、1989—1997年和1997—2006年三个时间段的工资差异的变动进行分解,研究发现：在大多数情况下,解释变量的结构效应小于解释变量的价格效应;在方向上,结构效应与工资差异变动的方向相反,而价格效应与工资差异变动方向相同;工资差异的变动无论是结构效应引起的还是价格效应引起的,都主要发生在工资分布的低端;作为重要解释变量的技能偏向型技术进步引起的工资差异变动,主要发生在工资分布的高端;在不同时间段和不同样本下,解释变量对工资差异变动的影响程度存在差异。     

Design of experiments in the presence of errors in factor levels

This paper is concerned with the statistical properties of experimental designs where the factor levels cannot be set precisely. When the errors in setting the factor levels cannot be measured, design robustness is explored. However, when the actual design could be measured at the end of the investigation, its optimality is of interest. D-optimality could be assessed in different ways. Several measures are compared. Evaluating them is difficult even in simple cases. Therefore, in general, simulations are used to obtain their values. It is shown that if D-optimality is measured by the expected value of the determinant of the information matrix of the experimental design, as has been suggested in the past, on average the designs appear to improve with the variance of the error in setting the factor levels. However, we argue that the criterion of D-optimality should be based on the inverse of the information matrix. In this case it is shown that the experiment could be better or worse than the planned one. It is also recognized that setting the factor levels with error could lead to an increased risk of losing observations, which on its own could reduce considerably the optimality of the experimental designs. Advice on choosing the design region in such a way that such a risk is controlled to an acceptable level is given.     

利用因子分析法浅析我国健康经济发展状况

在经济发展促进人们收入水平不断提高的同时,经济学界引入了一种全新的理念即"健康经济"来衡量和评价经济的发展。文章利用因子分析的方法来剖析我国各个省市在促进"健康经济"发展上的不同表现,并提出一些相关的政策建议,为促进我国各省市"健康经济"的发展提供一定的理论依据。     

Statistical Analysis of Heat Waves in the State of Victoria in Australia

The recent blistering heat waves of 2009 in the state of Victoria in Australia were so unprecedented in terms of duration and intensity that society was largely unprepared. These heat waves caused serious health, social and economic problems. In this paper, the daily maximum temperatures at ten selected stations are studied. Auto‐regressive integrated moving‐average models are used to prewhiten the time series. Uncorrelated, non‐normal and heavy‐tailed residuals are analyzed by means of a new skew t‐mixture distribution. The number of mixture components is effectively determined by an innovative penalisation procedure. It is shown that the resulting skew t‐mixture models provide an acceptable fit in all cases. Possible future temperature patterns are obtained through simulation. It is forecast that the average duration of high temperature episodes will increase by two to three days per year and a new eight‐year high temperature level is very likely in the coming few years. The relationship between heavy tail behaviour of the fitted distribution and heat waves is noteworthy.     

Evaluation of Response Surface Designs in Presence of Errors in Factor Levels

Experimenters are often confronted with the problem that errors in setting factor levels cannot be measured. In the robust design scenario, the goal is to determine the design that minimizes the variability transmitted to the response from the variables’ errors. The prediction variance performance of response surface designs with errors is investigated using design efficiency and the maximum and minimum scaled prediction variance. The evaluation and comparison of response surface designs with and without errors in variables are developed for second order designs on spherical regions. The prediction variance and design efficiency results and recommendations for their use are provided.     

Estimation of regression parameters in the presence of outliers in the response

In this paper, we consider a regression model with non-spherical covariance structure and outliers in the response. The generalized least squares estimator obtained from the full data set is generally not used in the presence of outliers and an estimator based on only the non-outlying observations is preferred. Here we propose as an estimator a convex combination of the full set and the deleted set estimators and compare its performance with the other two.     

如何应用EM算法处理调研中的无回答问题

在市场调研中,由于无回答情况所造成数据的缺失,给调查结果的估计带来一定困难。文章将通过对EM算法的介绍,讨论如何应用EM算法来解决调研中的无回答问题,并通过具体实例演示其操作过程。