《水浒传》人物关系网络的文本挖掘

本研究以《水浒传》中108个主要人物为研究对象,通过文本挖掘建立人物关系矩阵,利用社会网络方法分析人物的社会网络。研究表明:宋江、吴用、李逵、卢俊义、戴宗、花荣构成的小团体是108将的领导层;108个人物构成的网络可以分成第一集团、第二集团、后勤集团、水军集团、介于第一和第二集团的中间派;《水浒传》人物关系网络结构符合幂律分布的特点。本研究有助于推动文本挖掘在文学作品分析中的应用。     

意图·文本·意义——布洛克论作家创作与文本意义之关系

布洛克认为 ,艺术品是一种有目的性的有机整体结构系统 ,在这一系统中任何因素都不能孤立自足地存在并单独地发挥作用 ,因而语言符号也不是“再现”真实客观事物和表现作家主体思想、情感和内心经验的工具。艺术品自产生之后 ,就遵循自身的规律在某些方面偏离或超越作者的原意。理解与阐释一部艺术品的意义的关键是处理好意义的“外在性”与“内在性”之间的关系     

吟诵与案头杂剧的文本构成

伴随着杂剧从娱人到自娱的转型过程,通过诗词吟诵抒发内在情志的文人转而也成了杂剧的“表演者”。曲体的特殊规定性如诗词的体式、宫调乐式和代言体的抒情方式等为吟诵提供并促成了文本的诗化追求。这种从“观演”到“阅读”的转变实际上是审美方式的转变,相应地,杂剧的文本形态也出现了新的特征。     

社会工作国际定义的文本诠释

2001年6月27日,国际社会工作者联盟(IFSW)与国际社会工作学院联盟(IASSW)在哥本哈根共同召开会议,联合议定和发布了最新版本的社会工作国际通用定义.从社会工作的国际定义出发,全面审视和分析其文本,对探究如何在新条件下推动我国社会工作的发展将所有裨益.     

文本阐释与意义解读的理性阈限——兼论建立一种文学批评“公共阐释”的必要性

文本意义边界的存在决定了任何文本阐释均具一定限度,该限度虽不可明晰定义但却实存于文本阐释之中并可理性预期。文学阐释的开放性同样须顾及作品可预期的意义边界,以其阐释限度的自觉来确保阐释活动的合法性。当代文学批评问题的一个突出的阐释学征象在于:对作品的多元价值判断往往覆盖了文学阐释应有的理性底色,在阐释的不断翻新中,作品意义变得无际无涯,泛化的阐释最终导致对文本意义的疏离。鉴于此,文学批评须重提阐释对自身的理性要求,通过建立一种具有话语规约性质的公共阐释增强意义阐释的有效性,由此彰显其批评活动应有的内在尺度与话语空间。     

《人生》的文本变迁与传播纪实

《人生》是路遥的成名作,也是路遥的代表作。小说《人生》从构思到写作,从出版到传播经历了一个复杂的变迁过程。本文在大量史料的基础上,史实地梳理和再现小说《人生》从构思到写作,再到后来的修改的文本变迁,详细描绘出《人生》发表以后的传播方式与传播效果。     

流行歌曲伴随文本的符号学意义

歌曲是一种特殊的复杂的符号文本。在文化传播中,歌曲文本很难单独传播,也无法作孤立理解,歌曲的伴随文本是歌曲文本与文化的联系方式。歌曲的文本与伴随文本的结合不仅是形式组合,也是一个浸透了社会文化因素的动态构造。由于当代文化对歌曲伴随文本的过于热衷,可能致使歌曲文本意义本身的丢失,从而造成流行文化中的一些畸形现象。     

《诗学》的文本特征与亚里士多德的隐微术

虽说亚里士多德的<诗学>被奉为西方第一部专门系统的诗学理论著作,但其在古代世界中一直谜一般地隐匿着,迟至文艺复兴时期才得以重见天日.此后,其中某些观点经由提炼、归纳,得以广为传播.     

一本小说的几种读法:《布赖顿硬糖》的文本策略浅析

英国20世纪小说家格雷厄姆.格林的小说讲求故事性,他采用将侦探、犯罪等通俗模式化小说的因子与严肃的内涵相融合的文本策略,构建雅俗共赏的小说文本。其融通俗和高雅于一体的创作观念与后现代主义小说创作理念相契合。本文通过对其早期代表作《布赖顿硬糖》从几个不同的角度加以解读来分析其小说的文本策略,并对其小说创作特色的意义作以探讨。     

模拟与创新：先秦两汉“模式文本”的生成及意义

“模式文本”在先秦两汉的诸子史传中广泛存在,尤以谏君说理和写人记事类最为流行,表现出高度模式化叙事的特点。根据先秦两汉模式文本的实例可归纳出它们的三个特征：其一,最为本质的核心叙事模式相对稳定,但人物、对话等细节会有较大区别;其二,模式文本在继承旧叙事模式的同时,也会有一定程度的创新,如增添较多细节;其三,谏君说理和写人记事类模式文本的流行,与先秦两汉士人频繁的劝谏游说活动以及对人物的塑造有关。模式文本的生成有变异和模拟两种方式,尤以模拟为主。出于谏君、撰史的需要,先秦两汉士人模仿既有故事的叙事情节,利用“故事模式库”中的模式创编故事,借助旧的模式完成新文本的创作。     

语篇分析中词汇意义的生成与语境关系顺应

语篇分析是理解语言的一个重要渠道。语篇语义的连贯性取决于语篇中最基本的成分———词汇和语境的顺应,两者的顺应关系体现在其相互作用上。语境关系影响词汇意义的生成,而词汇意义又会对语篇的整体意义产生影响。     

中世纪美学中"光"的象征及其宗教意蕴

“光”是理解中世纪美学一个重要节点。在中世纪的象征艺术中,“光”的象征艺术在建筑、绘画及文学等艺术领域获得众多表现,并具有特定的宗教意蕴。“光”在中世纪主要作为外在的源泉、绝对的权威主体——上帝的象征而被表现,由此更好地理解中世纪基督教美学的神学品格。中世纪“光”的宗教形而上学意蕴之形成之逻各斯根源可以追溯到柏拉图的理念论,柏拉图具有先验性的理念论,他关于投向可见世界的眼睛的视觉和指向理念的灵魂的视觉的区分后由奥古斯丁发展为中世纪光照论(illum inatio)。普罗提诺波、埃里根纳、那文土拉等人都参与完善了中世纪“光”的象征理论。此外,中世纪“光”的象征理论同时好受到亚述、埃及等东方文化的影响。     

The Relational Attributes of the Meaning of Literary Works

The meaning of literary works arises from the reception and transformation of the works by their receivers. It is through understanding via experience that this work-receiver relationship is realized in literary reception. In literary reception, meaning assumes multiple forms, including the perceptual and experiential form, the universal and general form, and the historical and continuous form. The realistic foundation of meaning is pluralistic; it is the unfolding of structurality and contextuality of the real history in literary reception and transformation. The reality’s deconstruction and construction of the historical structure appear in the form of specific issues and draw the attention of reception, and give rise to the expectation of meaning in this reception. The reception of meaning is based on such an expectation, so the meaning is constrained by the already existing expectation. Meaning has non-linguisticity, which comes from the non-linguisticity of the implications of literary works and that of literary reception, and is revealed in the interaction of the two in the receptive relations. The non-linguistic meaning is universal.     

A Brief Discussion of the Generation of Meaning in Literary Works: A Hermeneutic Examination

The sources of meanings of literary works can be reviewed from various angles, one of which should be hermeneutics. Since the mid-20^th century, Western hermeneutics developed two important types of theories: one was the ontological hermeneutics from Martin Heidegger to Hans-Georg Gadamer, orientated towards the reader-centered theory in terms of the view of meanings; the other was the “hermeneutics as the general methodology of the Geisteswissenschaften” represented by Italian philosopher Emilio Betti, which affirmed that the author (subject) was one of the important sources of meanings of works. Due to intricate reasons, the latter exerted less influence, and Gadamer’s ontological hermeneutics firmly stuck to a mainstay position in European and American academia. Since the 1990s, the circle of literature in China has also been greatly influenced by the hermeneutic theories from Heidegger and Gadamer to reception aesthetics, and Betti’s impact almost can be neglected. Consequently, the view of meanings of literary works from the perspective of the reader-centered theory has been widely accepted, and the role of the author to endow initial meanings to his works was belittled and even denied. Since Zhang Jiang advanced the theory of “imposed interpretation” in 2014, academia has begun to reflect upon the one-sidedness of the reader-centered theory (relativism and subjectivism), and pick up the significance, which cannot be denied, of the author’s meaning in the generation of meanings of literary works. In reference to Betti’s hermeneutic train of thought and methodology, this essay, based on the practice of literary creation, concludes that the meaning of a literary work is created by the author and readers together in their interaction, and constantly generated in the dynamic process of the three factors of author, literary texts and readers, rather than by the author alone, or by readers solely.     

意义研究的哲学渊源及当代走向

意义研究作为现代西方语言哲学的核心,可以追溯到人类哲学思维的发端处。哲学从本体论、认识论到语言哲学,其关注点最终由意识与存在的关系转向语言、语言的意义与世界的关系。意义因而成为英美语言分析和欧陆本体论式语言追问的焦点,呈现出当代语用分析、生存论、解释学等多维深入的局面,并明显表现出了将意义问题哲学化、人文化为语境问题的当代趋势。深入反思以上问题,对当今意义研究无疑具有重大的理论与现实意义。     

日常生活的结构与意义：《礼记·曲礼》的社会学研究

社会人类学对于礼与仪式的研究有助于我们认识日常社会生活和加深对社会结构的理解,因为研究所侧重的仪式过程激活了人在社会交往和互动中的实践主体性。通过对《礼记·曲礼》的社会人类学解读,我们发现,人的日常生活具有社会结构与时间性这些基本要素,礼制结构内含复杂的人伦结构与天人关系,以及丰富的时间体验。礼所体现的情感与意义是社会生活之神圣感的源泉,礼仪就是将人和社会带入这种境界的手段与过程。这种尝试性的解读意在将传统礼仪纳入社会学的研究范围。     

The Good Life: Criticism and Construction of Urban Meaning

自1979年刑事诉讼法公布实施以来, 中国刑事诉讼体系的构建逐步走过了一条精 致化、细腻化的发展历程, 形成了相对完整的刑事诉讼框架, 并逐步实现了与世界现 代刑事诉讼理念的衔接。2012年3月14日?全国人民代表大会关于修改〈中华人民共和 国刑事诉讼法〉的决定?的通过, 凸显了中国立法机关保障人权、推进法治现代化建 设的巨大努力, 也是对长期改革成果的巩固和吸收。全面审视此次刑事诉讼修正案的 框架内容, 对于今后刑事诉讼体系的继续完善具有重要意义。

Since the enactment of China’s Criminal Procedure Law in 1979, China’s criminal procedure system has undergone a process of refinement and elaboration. A relatively complete framework for the criminal procedure system has been constructed that fits in well with contemporary international thinking on criminal procedure. The Decision on Amending the Criminal Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China passed by the National People’s Congress on March 14, 2012 highlights China’s strenuous efforts in protecting human rights and promoting the modernization of the legal system. It also demonstrates the consolidation and absorption of the achievements of China’s continuing reforms. A review of the main content of the Amendment to Criminal Procedure Law is highly significant for the further improvement of the system.     

The Source of Meaning of Literary Works: From the Perspective of 20th Century Western Literary History

The rise of historicism at the turn of the 19th century changed the ancient poetics and rhetoric standards held by Aristotle for a long time,trying to integrate literary studies into a larger historical context,but in the first half of the 20th century several literary criticism methods,including formalism,new criticism,structuralism and poststructuralism,came up to emphasize once again the importance of form and rhetoric. After the 1980s and 1990s,a new inclination to seek and promote the relationship between literature and the real world has encouraged the literary research that interprets classical and contemporary literary works on the basis of current political issues. The influence of formalism and its opponents,as well as the emphasis on literary aesthetics in the process,led to the relaxation of the standard for the search of literary significance. Therefore,we must give brand-new attention to what the literary works themselves are intended to tell the reader     

The Meaning of Meaning in Sociology. The Achievements and Shortcomings of Alfred Schutz's Phenomenological Sociology

Phenomenological sociology was founded at the beginning of 1930s by Alfred Schutz. His mundane phenomenology sought to combine impulses drawn from Husserl's transcendental phenomenology and Weber's action theory. It was made famous at the turn of 1960s and 1970s by Garfinkel's ethnomethodology and Berger & Luckmann's social constructionism. This paper deals with the notable accomplishments of Schutz and his followers and then proceeds to a shared shortcoming, which is that the phenomenological approach is unable to understand meaning in any other way but as actors's knowledge. Therefore, phenomenological sociologists are forced to describe the actor's interpretations of meaning as transparent to the actor him/herself, even if they sometimes make heroic attempts to escape the limitations of the phenomenological conception. The limitation is apparent in Husserl's and Schutz's definition of meaning as a “reflective intentional act”, Garfinkel's use of the term “accounting” to refer to a signifying effect, and the way Berger and Luckmann describe their social theory as “sociology of knowledge”. Today, similar confusions are present in Michael Polanyi's “tacit knowledge”and in Giddens' structuration theory.     

"名1+(的)+名2"定中结构隐喻的创造性及运作机制

现代汉语"名1 (的) 名2"定中结构的隐喻具有创造性,表现在从不同的事物中发现共同的东西、从整体上把握事物的特征并确立符号与事物之间的现实的联系及跨越时空等的限制等。"名1 (的) 名2"定中结构隐喻的运作机制主要有概念范畴之间的映射和语义泛化。