Research Note: Babies Born After Census Day: How the Census Bureau Addressed Dates of Birth After Census Day in the 2010 Census

The fundamental purpose of the decennial Census is an enumeration of the U.S. population at a particular “Census moment” for the purpose of apportionment. The “Census moment” for the 2010 Census occurred at 11:59 p.m. on April 1, 2010. This means that, ideally, all persons alive and living in the United States at that moment are included in the Census count, while any person not alive at that moment is excluded. In reality, this goal is challenging to achieve. Since the actual date of data collection often varies widely, it is possible that individuals are included, or excluded, in the count due to this discrepancy between the Census Day and the date of data collection. In this paper, I explore how the Census Bureau addresses this issue specifically when dates of birth after Census Day are encountered. First, I describe the three methods of data collection (Self-administered questionnaires, enumerator-administered questionnaires, and Telephone Questionnaire Assistance/Coverage Follow-Up operator-administered questionnaires), and how dates of birth after Census Day are addressed in each of these methods. Next, I explore related findings from the 2010 Census, including how many dates of birth after Census Day were found in the 2010 Census data, how they were processed according to data collection method, and how this impacted the final Census count. Finally, I discuss the performance of the new procedures related to dates of birth after Census Day that were implemented in the 2010 Census, along with implications for moving forward into future Censuses.     

Quality and the 2010 Census

The U.S. Census Bureau has a long tradition of evaluating the results of its censuses. This paper presents evaluation results from the 2010 Census, comparing them to earlier results. The paper discusses net coverage at the national and state level, as well as by age, sex, race, and ethnic group. It discusses components of error, including estimated number missed and counted in error. It also presents data on whole-person and item imputation.     

基于五普数据对四普数据质量的估计

本文在考虑了第四次人口普查和第五次人口普查的调查时点差异后,采用列克西斯图图示法,运用人口逆存活分析技术并结合对比分析方法,对第四次人口普查数据质量进行了重新评估。研究发现,“四普”0—9岁人口存在严重漏报,男女两性合计漏报人口1269万;10-18岁人口不仅存在漏报,也存在重报;男女分性别漏报人口之间也存在较大差异。     

基于六普、五普的城镇化人口统计数据修补

由于城镇人口统计口径频繁变化,导致主要年度之间不同口径城镇化人口比重数据出现差值,必须进行科学修正,而已有的修正方案均存在一定缺陷。本文根据我国现有城镇人口数据特点提出了更完善的城镇人口比重数据修正方案:其一,以月度作为两个代表期间的细分时段,利用联合国城镇人口比重预测法估算期间各年度城镇化理论值;其二,再以各年度基于人口变动抽查的城镇化速度对城镇化理论值进行校正,得到既具有同一统计口径又反映年度实际波动的各年度城镇人口比重数据。并且利用该方案对1991～1999年、2006～2009年城镇人口比重数据进行了有效修正。     

2000年人口普查的得失

2000年第五次人口普查是我国市场经济体制下的第一次人口普查，在组织和实施这次人口普查中，遇到了许多以往普查所没有遇到的新问题，归纳起来主要有以下几点：(1)依法进行普查的问题。前四次人口普查的组织和实施都是在各级政府的行政命令下完成的……     

“四普”至“五普”间中国城镇化的发展

利用中国第四次人口普查和第五次人口普查的资料 ,分析了在“四普”至“五普”期间中国城镇化的发展状况及出现的问题 ,揭示了中国城镇化发展的地域差异。在 2 1世纪中国的城镇化仍将快速发展 ,如何克服中国城镇化过程中所出现的问题 ,进而引导中国的城镇化朝着健康、有序的方向发展 ?这是一个至关重要的问题。     

印度2011年人口普查和展望

2011年印度进行了十年一次的人口普查,2012年发布的数据显示,印度过去十年经历了较高的人口增长,婴儿性别比持续偏高,人口密度逐渐增大。与此同时,印度的教育水平提高很快,但死亡率的下降过于缓慢。从经济的角度来看,未来印度虽然会面临绝对人口数量的压力,但却没有人口老化带来的人口结构危机,未来印度的发展还是比较乐观的。     

美国2000年人口普查的准确性和数字评估调查

本文概要地叙述了美国2000年人口普查后所进行的准确性和数字评估调查(A.C.E.调查)。它包括:抽样设计、事后分层、双系统估计等等。     

Validity of centenarian data in the 1960 Census

This paper examines the question of how many genuine centenarians there actually are in the United States as compared with those reported in the census. It is concluded that the numbers of centenarians shown in various United States censuses are definite overstatements of the number of true centenarians. It seems likely that instead of the 10,326 centenarians reported in the 1960 census there were at most only about 3,700. Overstatement of ages seems to be particularly the case among those who claim to be aged 110 or over, and it is believed that there probably are no persons who are actually this old.The analysis has been made by projecting, through the me of population life table survival factors, the populations reported cit carious advanced age groups in one census to the next census and then comparing the results with the corresponding number reported in the latter census for the same age cohort. In general, the enumerated populations at ages below 95 are reasonably close to the projected populations, especially for white persons. On the other hand, at ages 95 and over-especially for centenarians-the enumerated populations significantly exceed the projected ones.As a subsidiary part of the analysis, the paper points out the significant differences at the older ages between the "full count" age distribution in the 1960 census and the corresponding "inflated 25 per cent sample" one. This is a subject that bears further investigation and explanation.The paper also discusses centenarians on the social security benefit rolls and concludes that the present data cannot be considered of substantial accuracy with regard to genuine centenarians, particularly the oldest ones. In a number of years, however, this program will provide excellent data, became the individuals involved will have been on the benefit rolls for many years and will have had their ages proved with reasonable accuracy.     

人口普查中的事后质量抽样调查

事后质量抽查是世界各国在人口普查中普遍采取的用来评估人口普查登记质量的调查方法,是评价数据质量的重要手段之一。本文主要从事后质量抽查的作用、抽样设计、调查方法、估计方法、抽查结果以及与以往相比有何改进等方面论述了2000年第五次全国人口普查中的事后质量抽样调查,并对人口普查的总人口漏报率进行了评估。     

2000年人口普查实施效果和提出的挑战

20 0 0年人口普查是一次难度空前的普查。为了获得准确的资料 ,国务院人口普查办公室对普查方案做了改进 ,采用了一些新的技术。从实施效果来看 ,证明这些改进是十分必要的。尽管如此 ,这次普查的漏登率却比 1 990年普查大幅度提高 ,达到了 1 .81 %。导致人口普查漏登率上升的因素是多方面的 ,既有方案设计上的 ,也有组织实施、普查环境变化的影响。认真研究这些问题以及解决的对策 ,对改进我国的人口统计是非常重要的     

First Impressions from the 2000 Census of China

The 2000 census of China has several notable innovations, including a sample long form containing detailed items on migration, housing, and employment. Preliminary data indicate rapid urbanization and continued rapid social change in the 1990s, and apparent success in the government's drive to curtail population growth. Although a post‐enumeration survey indicates that overall data quality is good, the rise of a mobile “floating population” and pressures of the birth planning program caused problems for the enumeration of migrants and infants. Data released to date have been silent on two important issues, fertility and rising sex ratios.     

Census 2000 Partnership and Marketing Program Evaluation

To evaluate the Census 2000 integrated marketing strategy, the Census Bureau contracted with the National Opinion Research Center (NORC) to conduct a national representative sample survey. In addition to having a nationalrepresentative sample, NORC oversampled populations whichare historically undercounted in the census. Using threecross-sectional mixed mode surveys, NORC obtained baseline,pre- and post-census measures of awareness, attitudes, knowledge,and mailback intentions over the period of the census. This paperreports on some of the preliminary results from the NORC reportof the Partnership and Marketing Program (PMP) evaluation.     

The Preliminary Demography of the 2001 Census of India

This note presents and comments on the provisional results of the 2001 census of India. For the first time since Independence in 1947 there is clear evidence that the country's intercensal rate of population growth has fallen significantly—from an average annual rate of 2.14 percent between 1981 and 1991 to a rate of 1.93 percent between 1991 and 2001. At the state level there has been little change in the rates of population growth in Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan, but there are signs of—often quite considerable—reductions in growth rates for most of the remaining states. The provisional census results suggest that there has been a decline in India's population masculinity compared to 1991. But the note contends that this decline is probably largely spurious because females were less fully enumerated in 1991 than they were in 2001. Indeed the sex ratios of the states of Punjab, Haryana, Maharashtra, and Gujarat have become noticeably more masculine, which may partly reflect the influence of sex‐selective abortion.     

中国第五次人口普查公报透视

背　景中国人口占世界人口的 1 /5。在这样一个国度里进行人口普查 ,本身就是一个具有世界意义的大事件。最近 2 0年来 ,随着经济体制改革的深入发展 ,中国目前正处在一个从计划经济向社会主义市场经济转型的特殊历史阶段。在转型期间 ,经济社会等各方面发生了巨大的变化 ,人口也是如此。中国以前的普查都是在计划经济的条件下进行的 ,2 0 0 0年的普查却是第一次在市场经济条件下进行 ,它的艰难程度和技术要求远远超过前 4次普查。因此 ,这次普查过程和普查公报的发表格外引人注目。令人欣喜的是 ,在近千万人口普查员的巨大努力下 ,这次普查…     

“五普”人口总量和结构的分析与调整

以人口普查资料为基础,运用人口存活分析方法和数值拟合思想,并辅之以其他统计数据和对比分析方法,分析五普数据中的重报和漏报,对普查人口总量和结构进行调整。研究发现,“五普”0-9岁人口存在漏报,漏报人口为3 743万;而10-60岁人口存在重报,重报人口为1 134万人;最终调整五普人口总数为127 120万,普查人口漏报率为2.05%。     

浅谈人口普查地理区域划分

在人口普查中 ,划分普查地理区域便于普查工作的组织实施 ,是保证登记不重不漏的可靠基础 ,是建立普查数据质量控制体系的有效途径 ,并能为后续工作提供依据。划分原则一般是普查区域尽可能与行政区划相吻合 ,逐级划分 ,地域覆盖不漏不重 ,特殊地区特殊对待。划分重点在于普查区和调查小区