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1.
Are there gender and country of origin differences in immigrant labor market outcomes across European destinations? 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The 1994–2000 waves of the European Community Household Panel are used to study the earnings of immigrants as compared to
native workers in 15 European countries. At the time of arrival, there is a significant negative partial effect of foreign
birth on individual earnings compared to the native born in the destination of around 40%. These differences vary across origins
and destinations and by gender. Immigrant earnings catch-up to those of the native born after around 18 years in the destination.
Schooling matters more for earnings for women, whereas, language skills are relatively more important for men.
相似文献
Barry R. ChiswickEmail: |
2.
We estimate models of employment an earnings for a sample of white and non-white male immigrants drawn from the Labour Force
Survey between 1993 and 2004. Immigrants who arrived to enter the labour market (labour market entrants) are distinguished
from those who arrived to complete their education (education entrants). Diverse patterns of labour market assimilation are
found depending on ethnicity and immigrant type. Amongst labour market entrants, whites do better than non-whites, whilst
amongst education entrants, highly qualified prime-age non-whites perform as well as their white counterparts. Relative to
white natives, labour market outcomes for all immigrant groups have a tendency to decline with age.
相似文献
Joanne LindleyEmail: |
3.
Dropping out of post-compulsory education in the UK: an analysis of determinants and outcomes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We analyse the decision to drop out of post-compulsory education over the period 1985–1994 using data from the Youth Cohort
Surveys. We show that the dropout rate declined between 1985 and 1994, in spite of the rising participation rate in education,
but is still substantial. Dropping out is more or less constant over the period of study, though the risk of dropout does
vary with young people’s prior attainment, ethnicity, family background and the state of the labour market. The course of
study has a substantial effect on the risk of dropout.
相似文献
Pam LentonEmail: |
4.
Labor market institutions and demographic employment patterns 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Giuseppe Bertola Francine D. Blau Lawrence M. Kahn 《Journal of population economics》2007,20(4):833-867
We study collective bargaining’s effect on relative employment for youth, women, and older individuals. Our model of collective
wage setting predicts that unionization reduces employment more for groups with relatively elastic labor supply: youth, older
individuals, and women. We test this implication using data from 17 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
(OECD) countries over the 1960–1996 period. We find that time-varying indicators of unionization decrease the employment–population
ratio of young and older individuals relative to the prime-aged, and of prime-aged women relative to prime-aged men, and unionization
raises the unemployment rate of prime-aged women and, possibly, young men compared to prime-aged men.
相似文献
Lawrence M. Kahn (Corresponding author)Email: |
5.
We describe the functioning of a two-region economy characterized by asymmetric wage setting. Labour market tightness in the
leading-region affects wages in the whole economy. In equilibrium, net labour demand shifts towards the leading region raise
unemployment elsewhere and leave regional wages unchanged, causing an increase in aggregate unemployment. Based on SHIW micro-data
on earnings, we find strong evidence that wages in Italy only respond to Northern unemployment. We estimate that around 33%
of the increase in Italian unemployment during 1977–1998 can be explained by regional mismatch, mainly due to an excess labour
supply growth in the South.
相似文献
Barbara Petrongolo (Corresponding author)Email: |
6.
Maria Gutiérrez-Domènech 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(1):83-110
This paper investigates how education and the labour market affect Spanish individual decisions on the timing of marriage
and births, using a Cox hazard approach. It disentangles men and women, and two groups, Cohort 1945–1960 and Cohort 1961–1977.
Results show that female employment delays marriage in Cohort 1945–1960, but it has a reverse effect in Cohort 1961–1977.
We also find evidence that employment is a barrier for family formation since employed women postpone births in both cohorts.
The precarious Spanish labour markets, captured by female unemployment rates, delay family formation, especially by putting
off marriage. Male unemployment, at the individual level, impacts negatively on fertility only through delaying marriage.
相似文献
Maria Gutiérrez-DomènechEmail: |
7.
Patricio Solís Thomas W. Pullum Jenifer Bratter 《Population research and policy review》2007,26(3):279-298
This paper reviews changes in homogamy by migration status and educational level in Monterrey, Mexico, through the analysis
of marriage patterns for two cohorts of men born in 1905–1934 and 1940–1969. Results show a significant increase in educational
homogamy, as well as in homogamy by rural origins. The changes suggest that education has played an increasingly important
role in the process of mate selection, although certain particularistic characteristics, such as being a rural immigrant,
are still important in marriage formation. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of these findings for
the relationship between homogamy and social stratification.
相似文献
Patricio SolísEmail: |
8.
This paper presents a two-equation model of joint outcomes on an individual's decision to binge-drink and on his/her annual
labor market earnings. The primary data source is the 1979 cohort of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1979–1994.
We show that binge-drinking behavior is quite alcohol-price responsive and is a rational addiction. A new result is that an
individual's decision to binge-drink has a statistically significant negative effect on his/her earnings. Furthermore, we
conducted simulations of the short-run and long-run impacts of increasing the alcohol price. They showed that that the tendency
for an individual to binge-drink heavily is reduced significantly, and the reduction is greater in the long- than short-run
simulation. Also, an individual's annual earnings were increased. However, in the structural model, an individual's earnings
have no significant effect on his/her tendency to engage in binge drinking. Our results contradict earlier findings from cross-sectional
evidence that showed increased alcohol consumption raised an individual's earnings or wages.
相似文献
Wallace E. Huffman (Corresponding author)Email: |
9.
Earnings mobility among Italian low-paid workers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper uses Italian panel data to analyse low pay transitions since the early 1990s. Results indicate that having more
human capital reduces the probability of falling into low pay, but there is little impact on raising exit rates from low pay.
Human capital effects are found to be larger for women than for men. There is considerable state dependence: the experience
of low pay raises the probability of subsequent low pay episodes. Also, there is substantial unobserved heterogeneity associated
with factors such as initial conditions, mobility out of the earnings distribution and educational attainment.
相似文献
Lorenzo CappellariEmail: |
10.
Midori Wakabayashi 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(4):983-1005
In this paper, I examine, using Japanese cross-section data, whether “the retirement consumption puzzle” exists, and if so,
why. My results show that both the anticipated consumption during retirement of working households and the actual consumption
during retirement of retired households are much lower than the actual consumption before retirement of working households.
I find that the anticipated decline in consumption after retirement is due primarily to the anticipated decline in family
size after retirement, but that it might also be due partly to other factors. These results suggest that consumption does
indeed decline after retirement, but that this decline is largely due to factors that are consistent with the life cycle hypothesis.
相似文献
Midori WakabayashiEmail: |
11.
In this article we examine gender differences in income expectations of students in higher education. We found quite large
gender differences. Men and women differ significantly in the income they expect to earn at the top of their career. We examined
how much personality traits contribute to explain gender differences in income expectations, and to what extent personality
typologies can add to insights about earnings potential derived from human capital theory. The research shows that personality
does affect expected income, that impact goes beyond personality’s indirect effects, which are conveyed largely through gender
differences and students’ choice of study subject.
相似文献
Ariana NeedEmail: |
12.
Anders Barstad 《Social indicators research》2008,87(1):47-64
Using Norway 1948–2004 as a case, I test whether changes in variables related to social integration can explain changes in
suicide rates. The method is the Box-Jenkins approach to time-series analysis. Different aspects of family integration contribute
significantly to the explanation of Norwegian suicide rates in this period. The estimated effect of separations is stronger
than the effect of divorces, both for men and women, probably because separations are closer in time to the “real” marital
breakup. This difference has not been demonstrated in earlier time-series research. Marriages decrease the suicide rates for
males. The unemployment estimate for men has a negative sign, contributing to fewer suicides. Both increasing alcohol (beer)
consumption and fewer marriages seem to be implicated in the soaring suicide rate for young men since 1970.
相似文献
Anders BarstadEmail: |
13.
Child mortality, fertility, and human capital accumulation 总被引:5,自引:4,他引:1
Leonid V. Azarnert 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(2):285-297
This article analyzes the impact of decline in child mortality on fertility and economic growth. The study shows that the timing of mortality relative to education is crucial to implications of mortality decline. If child mortality is realized before education starts, an exogenous decline in child mortality leads to a decline in education—a finding that is opposite to those of studies that considered a decline in mortality after the cost of education has been incurred. The work also demonstrates the role of parental human capital in reducing child mortality and the causal link between rising education and declining child mortality.
相似文献
Leonid V. AzarnertEmail: |
14.
Ann Morning 《Population research and policy review》2008,27(2):239-272
Academic interest in official systems of racial and ethnic classification has grown in recent years, but most research on
such census categories has been limited to small case studies or regional surveys. In contrast, this article analyzes a uniquely
global data set compiled by the United Nations Statistical Division to survey the approaches to ethnic enumeration taken in
141 countries. The motives for this analysis combine theoretical, applied, and policy objectives. I find that 63% of the national
censuses studied incorporate some form of ethnic enumeration, but their question and answer formats vary along several dimensions
that betray diverse conceptualizations of ethnicity (for example, as “race” or “nationality”). Moreover, these formats follow
notably regional patterns. Nonetheless, the variety of approaches can be grouped into a basic taxonomy of ethnic classification
approaches, suggesting greater commonality in worldwide manifestations of the ethnicity concept than some have recognized.
相似文献
Ann MorningEmail: |
15.
Temporary Employment and Social Inequality in Canada: Exploring Intersections of Gender, Race and Immigration Status 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Using data from the 2002–2004 waves of Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics, this article investigates the consequences of
different types of temporary employment—fixed-term or contract, casual, agency and seasonal employment—for differently situated
workers in Canada. Attention to intersecting social locations of gender, race and immigrant status helps capture the complex
implications of temporary work for inequality. In particular, it highlights the salience of gender relations in shaping workers’
experience of insecurity in different types of temporary employment.
相似文献
Leah F. VoskoEmail: |
16.
We compare older Egyptian women’s and men’s propensities to live with unmarried children only, any ever-married children,
and alone, and we assess “kin-keeping” versus “modernization” hypotheses about the effects of social change on living arrangements
during 1988–2000. Socioeconomic differences among women and men accounted for much of their crude differences in living arrangements
during the period. Propensities to live with any ever-married children declined, and propensities to live alone or with unmarried
children only rose. Compared to men, women continued to live more often with any ever-married children and less often with
unmarried children only, and the 1988 gender gap in solitary residence disappeared by 2000. Increasing coresidential demands
from unmarried dependent children, less frequent coresidential support from ever-married children, and rapidly increasing
rates of solitary living especially among older men suggest emerging needs for non-coresidential instrumental support, especially
among older Egyptians who are economically disadvantaged.
相似文献
Kathryn M. YountEmail: |
17.
Measuring Housework Participation: The Gap between “Stylised” Questionnaire Estimates and Diary-based Estimates 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Man Yee Kan 《Social indicators research》2008,86(3):381-400
This article compares stylised (questionnaire-based) estimates and diary-based estimates of housework time collected from
the same respondents. Data come from the Home On-line Study (1999–2001), a British national household survey that contains
both types of estimates (sample size = 632 men and 666 women). It shows that the gap between the two types of estimate is
generally smaller in the case of women. But the gap between the estimates in the case of women is associated with the amount
of housework performed as secondary activities and the level of irregularity in housework hours. Presence of dependent children,
on the other hand, inflates the gap for both men and women. Men holding traditional gender-role attitudes tend to report more
housework time in surveys than in diaries, but the tendency is reversed when they undertake long hours of housework. The overall
results suggest that there are systematic errors in stylised housework time estimates.
相似文献
Man Yee KanEmail: |
18.
James Brumbaugh-Smith Heidi Gross Neil Wollman Bradley Yoder 《Social indicators research》2008,85(3):351-387
The National Index of Violence and Harm (NIVAH) tracks levels of violence and harm in the United States and identifies trends over the study period 1995–2003. NIVAH is comprised
of nineteen variables in the areas of interpersonal, intrapersonal, institutional and structural violence and harm as experienced
by people in the U.S. Two composite indexes are formed to describe overall trends in the realms of personal and societal violence.
In addition to describing the Index’s construction and most recent conclusions, various methodological issues and their impacts
on index findings are investigated.
相似文献
James Brumbaugh-SmithEmail: |
19.
Using data from the National Health Interview Survey for years spanning 1976 and 2001, this paper presents an age–period–cohort
analysis of weight gain throughout the life cycle. We find that while all ages experienced an increase in the prevalence of
those overweight and/or obese, the prevalence among young adults has grown at a faster rate than that of older age groups.
The increases in body mass index are primarily due to period effects, not cohort or age effects. From the ordered logistical
regression analyses, we find that the protective influence of factors such as education, income, and age on an individual’s
body mass index have decreased over time. The analyses suggest that the increase in the prevalence of those overweight or
obese is a phenomenon experienced by all demographic groups in the US, albeit to differing degrees.
相似文献
Beth DaponteEmail: |
20.
The 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth is among the few surveys to provide multiple reports on respondents’ race and
ethnicity. Respondents were initially classified as Hispanic, black, or “other” on the basis of data collected during 1978
screener interviews. Respondents subsequently self-reported their “origin or descent” in 1979, and their race and Hispanic
origin in 2002; the latter questions conform to the federal standards adopted in 1997 and used in the 2000 census. We use
these data to (a) assess the size and nature of the multiracial population, (b) measure the degree of consistency among these
alternative race-related variables, and (c) devise a number of alternative race/ethnicity taxonomies and determine which does
the best job of explaining variation in log-wages. A key finding is that the explanatory power of race and ethnicity variables
improves considerably when we cross-classify respondents by race and Hispanic origin. Little information is lost when multiracial respondents are assigned to one of their reported race categories
because they make up only 1.3% of the sample.
相似文献
Alita NandiEmail: |