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1.
Matteo Bortolini 《Theory and Society》2012,41(2):187-210
Current sociology of knowledge tends to take for granted Robert K. Merton’s theory of cumulative advantage: successful ideas
bring recognition to their authors, successful authors have their ideas recognized more easily than unknown ones. This article
argues that this theory should be revised via the introduction of the differential between the status of an idea and that
of its creator: when an idea is more important than its creator, the latter becomes identified with the former, and this will
hinder recognition of the intellectual’s new ideas as they differ from old ones in their content or style. Robert N. Bellah’s
performance during the “civil religion debate” of the 1970s is reconstructed as an example of how this mechanism may work.
Implications for further research are considered in the concluding section. 相似文献
2.
Joanna E. Bettmann Ph.D. 《Clinical Social Work Journal》2006,34(4):531-542
John Bowlby developed attachment theory to explain connections between infant and caregiver behavior and how these impacted
children’s behavior. Extended and researched heavily in a variety of contexts, attachment theory has advanced clinical thinking
over time. Its core ideas regarding infant and caregiver connections are very useful to mental health practitioners today
and have particular ramifications for clinical work with adults. This paper discusses the application of Bowlby’s attachment
theory to the clinical treatment of adult depression and explores a relevant case example. 相似文献
3.
Laurie Newman DiPadova a Ph.D. candidate Ralph S. Brower a Ph.D. student 《The American Sociologist》1992,23(3):37-56
This article discussesMax Weber’s Methodology, Lowell L. Bennion’s (1933) published doctoral dissertation from the University of Strasbourg, France. This book is important
because it is the first systematic English language treatment of Weber’s work. It also suggests an early link between Weberian
and Durkheimian scholarship and foreshadows later debates regarding Talcott Parsons’ interpretation of Weber. Additionally
the book provides a unique contribution by applying Weber’s “Calvinism-Capitalism” thesis to the development of Mormonism.
We explore the academic context in which the book was written and its reception by American sociologists at the time. After
summarizing the text, we examine its perspective on the issues later raised about Parsons’ account of Weber. We conclude by
looking at Lowell Bennion as a sociologist and a devout Mormon, and the unique connection that he forged between his religion
and Max Weber’s ideas.
Her field is organizational behavior and theory; her primary area of research is the relationship between organizational hierarchy
and managerial leadership.
He is currently investigating the modes of white collar resistance in public bureaucracies. 相似文献
4.
This paper examines Charles Tilly’s relationship to the schools of thought known as historicism and critical realism. Tilly
was committed to a social epistemology that was inherently historicist, and he increasingly called himself a “historicist.”
The “search for grand laws in human affairs comparable to the laws of Newtonian mechanics,” he argued, was a “waste of time”
and had “utterly failed.” Tilly’s approach was strongly reminiscent of the arguments developed in the first half of the 20th
century by Rickert, Weber, Troeltsch, and Meinecke for a synthesis of particularization and generalization and for a focus
on “historical individuals” rather than abstract universals. Nonetheless, Tilly never openly engaged with this earlier wave
of historicist sociology, despite its fruitfulness for and similarity to his own project. The paper explores some of the possible
reasons for this missed encounter. The paper argues further that Tilly’s program of “relational realism” resembled critical
realism, but with main two differences: Tilly did not fully embrace critical realism’s argument that social mechanisms are
always co-constituted by social meaning or its normative program of explanatory critique. In order to continue developing
Tilly’s ideas it is crucial to connect them to the epistemological ideas that governed the first wave of historicist sociology
in Weimar Germany and to a version of philosophical realism that is interpretivist and critical. 相似文献
5.
Neil McLaughlin 《The American Sociologist》2001,32(1):5-26
A reading of David Riesman’s classic The Lonely Crowd is presented that emphasizes its links with the critical theory of German
psychoanalyst and social critic Erich Fromm. The intellectual and personal relationship between Riesman and Fromm brings into
focus Riesman’s adaptation of the insights of European critical theory as well as the strengths of American social science
and social criticism. Riesman’s relatively neglected theoretical approach has much to offer a sociology concerned with retaining
its links to public debate and empirical evidence.
Thanks to Robert Alford, Linda Boos, Steven Brint, Scott Davies, Cynthia Fuchs Epstein, Louis Greenspan, Rhoda Howard-Hassmann,
Lisa Kowalchuk, Bonnie Oglensky, Rolf Meyersohn, Stephen Steinberg, Alan Wolfe and Dennis Wrong for comments on earlier versions
of this paper. A McMaster University ARB grant provided funds for a trip to German where I read the extensive correspondence
between Riesman and Fromm housed in the Erich Fromm archives maintained by Rainer Funk. The paper was first presented at the
American Sociological Association annual meetings in Chicago in 1999. 相似文献
6.
Brubaker R 《The American Sociologist》2010,41(4):375-381
This paper considers Charles Tilly as an important but underappreciated theorist of nationalism. Tilly’s theory of nationalism
emerged from the “bellicist” strand of his earlier work on state-formation and later incorporated a concern with performance,
stories, and cultural modeling. Yet despite the turn to culture in Tilly’s later work, his theory of nationalism remained
state-centered, materialist, and instrumentalist—a source of both its power and its limitations. 相似文献
7.
Bernard S. Phillips 《The American Sociologist》1988,19(2):138-151
Gouldner’s call for a “reflexive sociology” in 1970 remains a largely unexamined idea, yet with the breakdown of functionalism’s
begemony and the present ferment in theory its time may finally have come. In attempting to clarify and reconstruct Gouldner’s
idea, I begin with his concepts “background assumptions” and “domain assumptions,” linking them with Kubn’s ideas. Employing
levels of abstraction to approach Gouldner’s material systematically, I proceed to develop and illustrate two contrasting
background assumptions or world hypotheses: “stratification” and “interaction.” Finally, I examine some methodological implications
of these world views, centering on defining problems, ratio scales and images of measurement, sampling and multivariate-analysis
procedures.
Introduced to sociology by C. Wright Mills, Bernard Phillips studied with Robin N. Williams, Jr. and taught at the University
of North Carolina and the University of Illinois (where he overlapped with Alvin W. Gouldner for a year) before coming to
Boston University. A cofounder of the ASA section, Sociological Practice, Phillips’ interests are in Societal Change, Theory
and Methods. 相似文献
8.
Beverly B. Lovett 《Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal》2007,24(6):579-589
This paper uses concepts from relational psychodynamic theories and findings from neurobiology to conceptualize a young child’s
experience of sexual abuse. Selected developmental tasks are discussed using an integrated theoretical framework. Literature
which highlights the importance of the child’s environment is reviewed. A case of a sexually abused 5-year-old girl demonstrates
consequences of sexual abuse using ideas from psychodynamic theories and neurobiology. It is recommended that social work
practitioners expand on the biology domain when conducting a bio-psycho-social assessment. Social work students may benefit
from additional content on biology in social work curricula. 相似文献
9.
This paper revisits the observation made by Ward and Grant (Current Perspective in Social Theory 11:117–140, 1991) that there had been a “peculiar eclipsing” of women in sociological theory. It provides longitudinal studies of women’s
participation and recognition in three conventional outlets for sociological theorizing: the theory section of the American
Sociological Association (ASA); sociological theory textbooks; and sociological theory journals. It finds that the percentage
of ASA Theory Section members who were women increased from 12% in 1982 to 31% in 2008, but is not nearly as high as the 53%
in all ASA sections taken together; that women’s recognition in sociological theory textbooks grew, more between the 1980s
and the 2000s than between the 1960s and the 1980s, undoubtedly reflecting the increasing respectability of feminist theory
within the profession; and that women’s relative participation as authors in sociology theory journals increased from the
1980s to the 2000s by about 33%, but nowhere near as much as their participation as authors in the American Sociological Review, where their relative participation in the 2000s was more than three times what it had been in the 1980s. We speculate that,
given women’s increasing leadership roles in both the Theory section and the theory journals, women may be using less conventional
outlets for their theorizing than is offered by either the section or the journals. 相似文献
10.
Gary D. Jaworski 《The American Sociologist》1998,29(2):4-16
The history of sociology exhibits what might be called, after Gallie (1956), an “essentially contested “ canon. The key figures,
sacred texts, and central ideas that constitute the sociological tradition are inherently in dispute. This essay examines
the “contested canon “ within a historical framework to provide at least a partial explanation for the restricted interpretation
of Georg Simmel as a structuralist sociologist. The sites of this contest are two New York City institutions, Columbia University
and the New School for Social Research, both of which offered mid-century readings of Simmel’s works. At Columbia in the mid-1950s,
Robert K. Merton advanced a structural reading of Simmel’s work. During the same broad period, the New School’s Albert Salomon
championed a phenomenological reading of Simmel in his classes and seminars. Despite penetrating insights into Simmel’s links
to the phenomenological tradition, Salomon’s interpretation has had less salience than the approach advanced by Merton. The
differential success of these competing interpretations is explained in large measure by the institutionalization and dominance
of Merton’s research tradition relative to Salomon’s. 相似文献
11.
The modern increase in opportunities for social activities also brings with it unintended side effects posed by the liberating
potential and the acceleration of modern life. In this paper it is argued that the views reflected in Georg Simmel’s formal
approach and in American sociologist Edward A. Ross’ reformative sociology are (1) complementary and (2) offer fresh insights
for our current sociological understanding of unexpected consequences in contemporary “high modernity” or knowledge societies.
A long forgotten nexus between the ideas of Simmel’s and the work of Ross will be reviewed in order to point out affinities
between the two authors’ takes on the unintended and sometimes tragic moments in modern culture and their relevance for sociology
today. Based on these discussions a fundamental mode for framing the unexpected in modern society as a recursively-linked
component to the intended is illustrated. 相似文献
12.
13.
Elizabeth Kita 《Clinical Social Work Journal》2011,39(1):9-17
In the present paper, Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of symbolic power is used to illustrate how the practice of psychodynamic psychotherapy
in a prison-based mental health treatment program constitutes both a psychological and sociological intervention, congruent
with clinical needs of this particular population. The author draws from psychodynamic theory, Bourdieu’s framework and her
experience as a clinical social worker with the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. 相似文献
14.
F. Diane Barth 《Clinical Social Work Journal》2010,38(3):331-340
Contemporary theory and culture can lead a therapist to view a client’s positive feelings towards parents as defensive idealization,
while negative or hostile feelings may be seen as “deeper” and more important. This article suggests that both idealization
of and critical feelings about parents can serve as defenses against other painful emotions and both are developmentally necessary. Contemporary neurobiological and attachment research indicate that “talk therapy” helps
individuals manage emotions. This work can be derailed if anger is privileged over idealization. Clinical examples illustrate
these ideas and show how unpacking both critical and overly positive attitudes can encourage development. Clients increase
their capacity to tolerate a wider range of feelings, maintain a consistent and cohesive sense of self, and build meaningful
relationships. Therapists’ countertransferential identification with clients’ parent-blaming and a not uncommon desire to
reduce complex and confusing experiences to a more manageable subset of emotions are also addressed. 相似文献
15.
Robert C. Hauhart 《The American Sociologist》2003,34(4):5-24
In 1945 Davis and Moore, following an earlier formulation by Davis, proposed a functional theory of stratification that was
intended to account for what they contended was the “universal necessity” for social inequality in any social order. Beginning
with an article by Tumin in 1953, the Davis-Moore theory elicited regular analysis, commentary, criticism, and debate through
the 1970s. Although professional work on the theory has largely ceased since the late 1980s, the Davis-Moore theory remains
perhaps the single most widely cited paper in American introductory sociology and stratification textbooks and constitutes
“required reading” in hundreds, if not thousands, of undergraduate and graduate courses throughout the United States. The
present paper traces the history of the debate and attempts to explain the theory’s longevity and vitality in the face of
what has amounted to largely negative assessments by other sociologists over the preceding fifty years. 相似文献
16.
David Gartman 《Theory and Society》2007,36(5):381-413
Jeffrey Alexander’s recent book on cultural sociology argues that sociologists must grant the realm of ideas autonomy to determine
behavior, unencumbered by interference from instrumental or material factors. He criticizes the sociology of Pierre Bourdieu
as “weak” for failing to give autonomy to culture by reducing it to self-interested behavior that immediately reflects class
position. However, Alexander’s arguments seriously distort and misstate Bourdieu’s theory, which provides for the relative
autonomy of culture through the concepts of habitus and field. Because habitus is a set of durable dispositions conditioned
by past structures, it may contradict the changed structures of the present. Further, the influence of the habitus is always
mediated by the structure and strategies of the field of contest in which it is deployed, so that the same habitus may motivate
different actions in different circumstances. However, Alexander is correct to argue that in Bourdieu’s theory culture generally
serves to reproduce, not contradict social structures. Yet Bourdieu addresses this and other problems in his later work, in
which he argues for the existence of certain cultural universals transcending particular structures.
相似文献
David GartmanEmail: |
17.
Gary Dean Jaworski 《The American Sociologist》1990,21(3):209-216
Within the context of a discussion of Robert K. Merton’s ideas on leadership in postwar America, the article examines the
nature and impact of Merton’s “sociological parables.” This term refers to short tales from social life from which sociological
lessons with moral implications can be drawn. These parables, such as the bank insolvency story told in “The Self-Fulfilling
Prophecy,” illustrate the manner in which Merton merged moral and sociological messages in his writings. Suggestions are made
along the lines that these parables, or at least the moral messages they contain, contributed to Merton’s postwar fame.
His most recent publications are “Simmel’s Contribution to Parsons’ Action Theory and Its Fate,” in Michael Kaern, ed.Georg Simmel and Contempory Sociology (Kluwer, 1990); and “Robert K. Merton’s Extension of Simmel’sUbersehbar” inSociological Theory, Spring 1990. 相似文献
18.
Raewyn Connell 《Theory and Society》2006,35(2):237-264
The relationship between geopolitical position and general social theory is examined by a detailed reading of three important texts, Coleman’s Foundations of Social Theory, Bourdieu’s Logic of Practice, and Giddens’s Constitution of Society. Effects of metropolitan position are traced in theoretical strategies, conceptions of time and history, models of agency, ideas of modernity, and other central features of their theorizing. Four textual moves are identified that together constitute the northernness of general social theory: claiming universality, reading from the center, gestures of exclusion, and grand erasure. Some alternative paths for theory, embodying different relations with the global South, are briefly indicated.
Raewyn Connell is University Professor at the University of Sydney, and author, co-author, or editor of nineteen books, including Ruling Class Ruling Culture (1977), Making the Difference (1982), Gender and Power (1987), Schools and Social Justice (1992), Masculinities (1995), The Men and the Boys (2000), and Gender (2002). Connell is an Editor of Theory and Society. A contributor to research journals in sociology, education, political science, gender studies, and related fields, her current research concerns social theory, neo-liberalism, corporate masculinities, gender practices, and intellectual labor. 相似文献
19.
Some recent scholarship concerning Alexis de Tocqueville has sought to emphasize aspects of his work that have not previously
been seen as central to his ideas. This review essay examines the argument by Swedberg that Tocqueville’s writings on economics
are a missing and important theme of his analysis, and those in Locke and Botting’s book that claim he also made significant
contributions to feminism. These unorthodox views are explored against the assessments found in Hugh Brogan’s latest biography
of the nineteenth century, social and political theorist. 相似文献
20.
Stanford M. Lyman 《The American Sociologist》1990,21(4):342-351
Despite Robert E. Park’s prominence in American sociology, his early writings (before 1913) have been neglected. This article
argues that Park’s early writings illustrate an important transitional phase in twentieth-century sociological thought. As
sociology moved out of German romantic philosophy and toward rationalism and positivism, it had to come to terms with the
existence of evil in the world. Park’s essays on the Congo formulated a more complex perspective on modernity’s modes of evil.
Along with the Congo essays, Park’s Black Belt studies form a comprehensive portrait of the double-sided moral character and
socioeconomic effects of the Reformation. Park’s early writings adumbrate a Gothic sociology of horror, in which the civilizational
process erodes the many folk cultures that it draws into its basic forms—civil society and urban life.
This article is a revised version of a paper presented at the annual meetings of the American Sociological Association, August
1990. Adapted from Stanford M. Lyman,Militarism, Imperialism, and Racial Accommodation: An Analysis and Interpretation of the Early Writings of Robert E. Park (Fayetteville: The University of Arkansas Press, 1991). 相似文献