Promoting leadership skills in field education:a university-community partnership to bring macro and micro together in gerontological field placements

Social workers are being called upon to utilize a wide range of skills in practice including not only skills of working directly with clients, but also skills related to practice in organizations such as program management, inter-organizational cooperation, research and evaluation. This article describes an innovative geriatric field education program that prepares social workers with leadership skills in both direct service and management, and engages community agencies as both sites for student learning and as beneficiaries of their professional development projects. Case examples are provided and benefits and challenges to the model are discussed.     

Fundraising of Nonprofit Organizations: Specifics and New Possibilities

Fundraising can be viewed as a systematic activity aimed primarily at raising financial resources for the activities of either an organization or an individual. The inconsistency of this effort usually cannot be blamed on internal factors within an organization, but rather phenomena of a macroeconomic, legislative or societal nature. In an effort to gain an insight into the measure of utilizing fundraising principles in nonprofit organizations, extensive research was conducted for the ninth time among nonprofit organizations in the Czech Republic, the sample of which consisted of 313 fully completed questionnaires. Based on the research results focusing on fundraising, measures were proposed to expand the possibilities of ensuring effective multisource funding for a selected nonprofit organization. One of these options and at the same time the current trend in marketing not only for the nonprofit sector is crowdfunding. Crowdfunding is a new concept of funding projects that has seen a significantly growing trend in the fundraising is part of marketing activities, or at least it is very closely connected with them.     

绿色消费与我国旅游业营销战略探析

绿色消费市场正在全球蓬勃兴起,绿色消费问题已经引起社会各界的高度关注。作为天然环保型的旅游业,面对国内市场国际化、国际市场国内化的现状及绿色消费浪潮,迫切需要实施绿色营销战略,需要认真分析旅游业的绿色营销行为及其相关影响因素,通过开展绿色教育、营造绿色企业文化、设置绿色组织、实施绿色促销等途径,制定相应的绿色营销战略,以推动我国旅游业的可持续发展。     

Predicting Material Hardship Among Former Welfare-to-Work Participants: An Income- and Resource-Packaging Model

ABSTRACT

Material hardship is of concern because it refers to physical deprivation related to meeting the basic needs of food, housing, utilities, and other items. This study tests a predictive income- and resource-packaging model of material hardship using survey data collected from 459 former welfare-to-work program participants. Logistic regression results show that receiving social support in the form of living rent-free decreased the odds for experiencing material hardship. The predictors of working in the informal economy, being sanctioned while on public assistance, having mental health issues, and having transportation problems all increased the odds for experiencing material hardship. The measures of formal employment income, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families income, work-first program participation, sharing living expenses, monetary social support, and assistance from nonprofit organizations were unrelated to predicting material hardship experiences. Policymakers interested in improving conditions for needy families should question the use of sanctions and carefully monitor material hardship among those sanctioned. Future programs and future research should consider the extent to which low-income women participate in the informal economy to make ends meet, rely on social networks to live rent-free, and struggle with poor health and transportation problems.     

论非营利组织企业化管理模式的构建

随着我国市场经济的发展,非营利组织作为独立于政府和市场的第三种力量,越来越多地参与到社会公共事务的管理中,逐渐成为完善社会服务,推动社会福利发展的重要力量。然而非营利组织在发展过程中,也逐渐暴露出了自身的局限,存在着筹资困难、运行效率低等问题。本文通过分析非营利组织管理的现实困境,探讨解决困境的路径,提出了非营利组织管理的创新模式——企业化管理模式。并试图从绩效管理、资金管理、营销管理、人力资源管理等四方面探讨非营利组织企业化管理模式的构建。     

Preventive Activity and Interorganizational Factors

Associations are examined between interorganizational relationships in community mental health centers (CMHCs) and preventive activities, operationalized as public education, program consultation, training of other caregivers, and community planning and development. Interorganizatiorzal factors account for much of the variation in the type of preventive activity emphasized. Wide ranging involventent with the environment, balanced by a degree of organizational autonomy, is linked with public education. Program consultation is emphasized in more insular CMHCs. Training of other service providers can be partly understood as a pursuit of urban CMHCs. More community planning and development emerges when interagency ties are extensive but system-focused as opposed to client-focused.     

Utilizing a Required Documentation Course to Improve the Recording Skills of Undergraduate Social Work Students

ABSTRACT

Baccalaureate social workers respond to documentation and record-keeping demands of regulatory organizations that oversee or fund social service agencies. Learning to accurately document client needs, progress, and service delivery outcomes is important in ensuring that clients are receiving effective services. Despite the importance of documentation skills, many undergraduate social work programs do not provide sufficient curriculum content on client record keeping. The authors report the results of a study that examined changes in baccalaureate social work students’ perceptions of their documentation skills after completing a required documentation course. The sample size included 101 students at pretest and 97 students completing the post-test. Statistically significant findings show students perceived an increase in knowledge in three areas of documentation: 1) formats, 2) content, and 3) writing skills. The authors discuss implications for social work education and practice.     

浅谈军人心理咨询工作中存在的问题与对策

在新的历史条件下,军人心理问题日益突出,因此在部队各级成立专门的心理咨询机构,贴近部队实际和军人特点提供心理咨询服务,对部队的全面建设具有重要意义。开展军人心理咨询工作可以为提高部队战斗力提供重要精神支持和为官兵健康成长提供相应的保障。当前我军心理咨询工作存在一些问题,应对军人心理咨询工作的建设做进一步的研究与加强。     

论我国保险资金的运用及对策

保险业作为服务于社会生产和生活的第三产业 ,以组织后备资金形式为国民经济的发展提供风险保障。虽然中国保险业资金运用方面存在着保险资金运用渠道较窄、保险公司资产面临较高利率风险、保险资金运用中短期行为严重等问题 ,在很大程度上与当今中国保险市场发展实践和保险业经营运作趋势不适应 ,但可以通过修改《保险法》 ,提高资金运用收益率以明确资金运用方式、范围 ;通过建立专业化资金运用体系 ,提高专业化经营水平和风险监督机制 ;为保险资金运用拓宽渠道 ,提高资金运用的安全性。     

University-community partnerships in gerontological social work: building consensus around student learning

This article will demonstrate how schools of social work can collaborate with community agencies to provide a comprehensive and enriching educational experience for both student interns and participating agencies. An innovative partnership of a state school of social work with community agencies leading to a cutting-edge geriatric field education program is described. Case examples are used to illustrate the benefits of these partnerships, as well as challenges partners overcame in forging and sustaining partnerships. Necessary components of partnership development are detailed.     

社区教育经费投入的理论研究

社区教育经费不足一直困扰当前我国社区教育发展。实际上,社区教育的经费投入是一个循序渐进逐步推进的过程。在这一过程中,政府作用、资金用途和资金管理都在发生变化。这种循序渐进的过程既不能操之过急,也不能听之任之。我国目前的社区教育经费投入还处在由萌芽向初级阶段的过渡过程中,最缺乏的是投入机制上的系统、互动联系。文章分析了社区教育经费投入的四个阶段,并研究我国社区教育各机制之间的互动。     

Strengthening field education in aging through university-community agency partnership: the Practicum Partnership Program

The Practicum Partnership Program (PPP), an innovative field education model developed and implemented by six demonstration sites over four years (2000-2004), uses a structured university-community partnership, or consortium, as the foundation for designing, implementing, and evaluating internships for graduate social work students specializing in aging. This paper describes the site consortia and PPP programs, presents evaluation findings, and identifies future directions for the PPP. Student learning outcomes were positive and both students and consortia agencies reported positive PPP experiences. The PPP model underscores the value of the community agencies as equal partners in educating future geriatric social workers.     

网络高等教育的产业化机制研究

鉴于网络高等教育相对于传统高等教育具有更加适合产业化运作的属性和特点,我国网络高等教育的产业化机制应主要体现为"高校 企业"的合作办学模式和集团化的经营运作机制,以有利于获得企业的资金和技术支持,充分发挥规模经济优势。     

The economics of the nonprofit sector: Insights from the institutionalism of John R. Commons

While modern nonprofit economics is dominated by the neoclassical and new institutional economic paradigms, this paper develops an economic explanation of the nonprofit sector from the perspective of the original institutionalism of John R. Commons. Instead of focusing on the neoclassical conception of market optimality, John R. Commons’ theory of reasonable value draws attention to the nonprofit sector's role in attaining a reasonable quality of community life. In contrast to the new institutional economics conception of the superiority of full private property rights, John R. Commons’ theory of scarcity, efficiency, and transactions shows the specific property rights structure of the nonprofit organizational form to be well-suited for precisely that purpose. This argument is illustrated on the example of agricultural and rural nonprofit organizations, which make an important contribution to attaining a more reasonable quality of community life in rural areas worldwide.     

Third Sector In Transition – A Question of Sustainability for Community Service Organizations and the Sector?

Third sector organizations are transitioning towards entrepreneurial and managerial models as a result of quasi‐market strategies. This paper reports on the research findings of a survey of nonprofit disability organizations in Queensland and Victoria impacted upon by quasi‐market reform. Enterprising organizations were found to have made substantial change to organizational structures and systems, whilst more traditional organizations made few changes. All organizations demonstrated commitment to a social justice ethos. However across the organizational archetypes there were reports of an organizational ‘fragility’. It is argued that the problems of sustainability of community service organizations that existed prior to quasi‐market reforms remain. This implies community service organizations will experience ongoing difficulties in the post‐market era without further rationalization and change. A conceptual framework for sustainability of the community service sector is presented at the policy and organizational level.     

Exploring characteristics of innovative nonprofit organizations in South Korea

The purpose of this study was to explore how employees of Korean nonprofit organizations perceived characteristics of innovative organizations. The social-validation method (first, an open-ended question is given; and later, ideas collected from participants are used to make an instrument) was used to collect the data. Thirteen employees representing a variety of nonprofit organizations in South Korea participated in this study. At the first stage of the study, participants were asked to generate a list of characteristics of innovative organizations. A total of 125 characteristics of innovative nonprofit organizations were summarized into the 25 most often mentioned characteristics. At the second stage of the study, all participants were asked to rate each of the characteristics on how important they were for an innovative organization. Among the highest-ranked characteristics of innovative organizations were: having a clear organizational vision and mission statement, having transparent financial and accounting processes, having a leader who is open-minded and flexible, being responsive to clients’ needs, and having employees who share the vision and mission of the organization. The pattern of agreement among participants indicated a low degree of consensus. Implications were suggested based on the findings.     

The effectiveness of services marketing: perceptions of executive directors of gerontological programs

Interest in marketing services, as opposed to products, has gained considerable momentum in recent years. The author conducted a survey of human service executives in six metropolitan areas to gauge the current status and efficacy of marketing efforts in programs for the aged. Findings confirm that the majority of health and social service organizations now employ marketing strategies of some kind, although somewhat insensitive and inadequate. The most common indicator of marketing success has been increments in the number of clients served. Health organizations are significantly more likely to measure the effectiveness of marketing efforts than social service agencies. Agencies commonly employ multiple marketing strategies, with face-to-face approaches proving to be the most effective. Least effective are public service messages and commercials on television/radio. The author suggests recommendations for mounting more efficacious and sensitive marketing programs in the human services.     

珠三角不同类型社区的社会组织发展特点比较分析——以中山市为调研个案

社区社会组织在加强社区管理、推进社区自治、培育社区文化、推进社区公益方面日益凸显其独特的优势与功能。但由于各社区的经济发展程度、居民的结构、文化基础等方面的差别,不同类型的社区其社会组织发展的状况、特点以及发展中遇到的困难等也各不一样。文章以中山市为调研个案,对珠三角的不同类型社区社会组织发展状况及存在的问题进行了比较分析。     

Reaching Inner-City Children

One of the obstacles faced by community social service agencies is difficulty in attracting adolescents to the services offered them. Adoldscents typically do not walk in or keep appointments at outpatient clinics and can be difficult to engage even for outreach programs. One solution to this dilemma is to go where the children are: the public schools. One of the biggest problems in the Boston public school system is that many students and their families have pressing social, emotional, and physical needs that are not being met outside the school and that adversely affect their education. The schools are educational institutions, not human service agencies, and they are ill prepared to deal with many of the problems and needs of their students' lives. In 1984, an independent board composed of representatives from the Boston Public Schools, state, city, and private social service agencies, parents and students, secured funding and formed the Boston Student Human Services Collaborative. The mission of the Collaborative was to supplement and expand support services to the schools. The hope was that such services would free up both children and teachers to invest in each other, thereby increasing learning. This paper describes the group work component of a Collaborative program at an inner-city school. After a brief look at the inner-city context, the group work program model is presented as a case study, including specific types of groups that have worked well and details of recruitment, composition, goals, activities, and leadership roles. Following this is a discussion of race, color, and ethnicity, and then a list of guiding principles for working with middle school adolescents in groups.