Online news diffusion dynamics and public opinion formation: A case study of the controversy over judges’ personal opinion expression on SNS in Korea

On the Internet, the line between news and opinion becomes blurred in terms of content and form. In this sense, the processes of news diffusion on the Internet and online public opinion formation are integrated. This study selects one Korean example about the private tweet of a judge about government social network service (SNS) regulation and analyzes citation networks from one news/opinion to another news/opinion. By relying on social network analysis (SNA) methods, this study examines how news/opinions diffuse and how they interact and influence each other's ideological frame within agencies sharing the same ideology and between agencies whose ideologies contrast. The results show that public discourse on the Internet is clearly polarized and fragmented along political ideological lines. Additionally, the findings show that the winner is the conservative bloc because it succeeds in achieving within-bloc solidarity and ensures the resonance of news frames with the cultural values of Korean society. Implications for these findings in modern democracy are also discussed.     

论改革开放中的文化价值冲突

进入 2 1世纪的中国正面临一个走向现代化的历史文化转型过程。在这一过程中 ,人们的思想文化观念将会经历一场深刻的变革 ,由此在价值和现实层面将产生一系列矛盾和价值冲突。这种冲突在文化价值层面主要表现为 :传统与现代的价值冲突 ;经济与道德的价值冲突 ;公平与效率的价值冲突 ;个体与整体的价值冲突。而从文化现实层面考察 ,其冲突则表现于主流文化、精英文化和大众文化这三种具有不同文化价值追求的文化群体之间。它们既有矛盾冲突 ,又有融合借鉴。在这一表现过程中 ,中国文化亦将在新的价值层面开始新的整合 ,这也将是今后中国社会转型时期社会文化发展的主导趋势。     

论思想解放的内在机制

今天的解放思想已经从人类社会特殊历史时刻才出现的重大的思想和理论变革运动转变为社会发展的经常性、普遍化、常规化、常态化的内在要求和有机组成部分。解放思想是人之生存结构中给定性与创造性、自然性与超越性之间的张力和冲突的集中体现，它的动力机制和制约机制具体表现为：创新的与保守的思想观念之间的张力和冲突、开放的与封闭的思维方式之间的张力和冲突、现代的与传统的文化模式之间的张力和冲突。在新的解放思想进程中，我们不仅要积极推动各个领域各个层面的具体的解放思想；而且要高度关注解放思想的机制体制建设，特别是解放思想的文化创新机制的形成：营造尊重不同思想观念的制度文化，确立开放包容和求异创新的思维方式，培育尊重个性和创新的文化模式。     

我国精神文化变迁滞后引发的矛盾及其化解

改革开放以来,在我国社会剧烈变革过程中,精神文化变迁滞后引发了思想文化领域的"三信"危机、中华民族传统文化的根基被动摇、行为失范等诸多矛盾和问题,要通过建设社会主义核心价值体系、大力弘扬中华民族优秀传统文化、切实加强和改进思想政治教育工作等途径来化解。     

Social Exclusion and Double Jeopardy: The Management of Lone Mothers in the Market–State Social Field

The popular version of social exclusion has given rise to various forms of welfare-to-work initiatives in most developed capitalist nations. Social inclusion, therefore, is commonly assumed to be achieved through paid work. The delivery of social welfare through employment activation programmes is consequential, as it necessitates an unusual cooperation between the welfare state and the labour market. With a focus on Ontario Works, a relatively mature example of Canada's residualized social welfare services, this article is an empirical analysis of the social space in which the state and the market merge – by design – and the resulting processes and outcomes of social exclusion that operate for women who parent alone. I begin with a brief review of the most popular concept of social exclusion, and the pre-eminent place of paid work in related social policy responses, followed by a consideration of the ideological context producing and reinforced by work-first programmes. Our attention is turned to a reconfigured notion of social exclusion as process and outcome, spontaneously set in motion and self-perpetuating in the fused market–state social field. Through a case study of lone mother experiences of Ontario Works, the specific ideological practices through which welfare-to-work strategies operate to keep women in their place are described. I argue that the analysis of the market-state as a unified social field – ordered according to the paired ideologies of market neo-liberalism and conservative 'family values'– is necessary for conceiving policy responses that are effective in interrupting the dynamic process–outcome iterations of social exclusion.     

论“和谐社会”视野下的大学生思想政治教育

加强大学生思想政治教育,是构建社会主义和谐社会的一项重要的治本之策。当代大学生思想上存在着与社会不和谐的突出问题,其成因来自社会、自身、家庭、高校、外来文化等各个方面。加强和改进大学生思想政治教育,可为构建社会主义和谐社会奠定和谐的思想基础,增添巨大的力量源泉。因此,要营造良好的文化氛围,探索有效的方法途径,培育健康的社会心理。     

The legacy of Confucian culture in Maoist China

Even today, Confucian beliefs strongly influence the government and society of the People's Republic of China. The terms Ren and Li give different sides of this cultural tradition. Elements of Ren are the obliteration of the individual, the spirit of sacrifice, self-restraint, lack of privacy and ideological control. Elements of Li are a social order based on the work unit, residence and subordination to the elite.     

Ideological Extremism and Public Participation*

Objectives. Does aggregate ideological extremism reduce public participation? Does participation in governance processes fall when the social environment shifts to the extreme left or the extreme right of the political spectrum? Our main hypothesis is that the aggregate ideological orientation of the social environment constrains volunteerism in social regulatory programs. Methods. We test our hypothesis using a panel tobit analysis of data from the federal Long‐Term Care Ombudsman Program. Results. Our model of public participation (expressed as volunteerism) shows that participation expands when the ideological position of a state's citizens is at the extreme left or right of the political continuum. We show the differential effects of two types of aggregate ideological orientation: of citizens and their political leaders. We further find that participation is greatest in states with extremely liberal citizen ideological positions. Conclusions. These findings paint a more complex picture of the effect of extremism in the social environment on public participation measured as production volunteerism. In sum, public participation is greatest when the social environment is ideologically polarized, and social regulation is strongest when volunteerism is greatest.     

马克思意识形态批判的三重向度与文化微观视域的历史性介入——从马尔库什的角度谈起

挖掘并梳理散见于马克思诸经典论断中的意识形态理论,是马尔库什后期一项重要的学术任务。借此,他大致归纳出马克思意识形态批判范式的三重特质:其一,通过抨击先前各种思想幻象所彰显出的论战-揭露性;其二,凭借分析这些幻象由以产生的社会根源而突显出的解释-功能性;其三,立足更为广泛的文化视角进而生发出的批判-哲学性。由此可见,针对马克思的意识形态批判体系,马尔库什旨在建构一种"思想-日常生活-文化"三位一体的解读模式,从而真正实现马克思意识形态批判范式从宏观维度向微观视域的历史性转向。值得一提的是,该转向在完善马克思意识形态理论的同时,又成为日后马尔库什进行现代文化批判的实践生长点。     

Multi-level analysis of cultural phenomena: The role of ERPs approach to prejudice

Brain processes and social processes are not as separated as many of our Social Psychology and Neuroscience departments. This paper discusses the potential contribution of social neuroscience to the development of a multi-level, dynamic, and context-sensitive approach to prejudice. Specifically, the authors review research on event related potentials during social bias, stereotypes, and social attitudes measurements, showing that electrophysiological methods are powerful tools for analyzing the temporal fine-dynamics of psychological processes involved in implicit and explicit prejudice. Meta-theoretical implications are drawn regarding the social psychological modeling of social attitudes, and for the integration of social neuroscience into a multi-level account of cultural behavior.     

Understanding Multiple Group Identities: Inserting Women into Cultural Transformations

The study of cultural transformations in the United States has been studied predominantly from an assimilation/acculturation framework. There are several drawbacks to this theoretical perspective, chief among them being the exclusion of gender in examining what happens to different ethnic/racial groups when they come into contact. Feminist writings in the last twenty years provide a rich discussion of how inserting women into this social process would enrich our knowledge about human behavior in general and cultural change specifically. This paper reviews the literature on the assimilation/acculturation framework and integrates the most recent developments in feminist theory to provide a new alternative to studying cultural transformations. The social engagement model takes into account gender as well as other significant social identities like ethnicity/race, class, and sexuality to study how groups change as they come into contact with each other.     

The social economy of excluded families

Families with material, social and cultural resources can be seen as triply advantaged, while those without are thrice disadvantaged. The authors contend that families' connectedness or exclusion from their communities, and the processes that marginalize or substantially exclude families from the benefits of the wider society, are among the most important dimensions for practice in the family services field. Using selected theory relating to individuals and families in society, this paper proposes a conceptual framework for understanding all families in their social economy, with special attention to families who experience material, social and cultural poverty. These families are vulnerable to becoming excluded families, not only propelled into a survival mode of living that evokes distinct skills and strengths in family members, but also has profound deleterious effects on both children and their parents. When child and family services encounter these excluded families, they need to respond with complex linked strategies at individual, family, network and policy levels.     

The Emperor's new clothes: South Africa's attempted transition to developmental social welfare and social work

This article critically interrogates the depth and quality of change of post‐apartheid welfare policy and social work practice towards a social development paradigm against the background of inequality and poverty in South Africa. It asks several questions: what kind of welfare system has the current welfare dispensation created? How far has it moved from a residual, ameliorative system to an institutional developmental system, in keeping with the developmental welfare paradigm? To what extent can residual provisions be transformed into developmental processes? What conditions are necessary for this to happen? The answers to questions such as these provide the basis for assessing South Africa's new developmental processes. The article highlights the fundamental contradictions in social development policy imperatives, which call for a marriage of economic and social considerations, and the internal contradictions across and within various welfare policies. Further, it argues that the government does not have the political will to bear the costs of the substantive change that the move towards developmental social work requires, choosing instead limited, individually targeted and ameliorative measures, such as increased social security spending. Thus, it suggests that ideological critique, consciousness raising and participation in public policy debates remain crucial for those who seek long‐term solutions to inequality and poverty in South Africa.     

体制分割与中国城镇居民的住房差异

在混合经济形态下,“市场”与“再分配”权力之间的良性制衡的关系尚未形成,相反却在一定程度上对社会不平等的形成表现出层叠效应。对住房不平等的经验分析表明,当前（住房市场化时期）的住房不平等状况很大一部分是由房改前的住房分配过程和住房私有化改革过程导致的,社会成员越是接近体制的核心部门,其住房优势就越突出。这一经验研究发现表明,制度变革的渐进性和路径依赖使得根植于体制分割的社会不平等在尚未充分消退的同时,改革之前导致社会差异形成的体制分割因素依然在一定程度上活跃于当前的社会不平等中,且有可能会随着市场化的推进叠加于源自于市场的社会不平等,甚至经由市场的作用进一步延续并放大。     

当代中国意识形态安全之威胁、压力及其应对——基于全球化、网络化与社会转型视域

借由带有强烈资本主义性的全球化,西方资本主义意识形态和西方强势文化渗透对当代中国意识形态安全造成直接威胁。国内外敌对势力借助网络优势,通过网络舆论开放性与自主性也对意识形态安全造成了压力。社会转型期,社会失范及价值观念多元化、市场经济与历史引致的问题,是当代中国意识形态领域新的不安全因素。抓住社会主义核心价值体系,就抓住了社会主义意识形态的本质,就从根本上坚持了社会主义。发挥社会主义核心价值体系的引领作用,是应对当代中国意识形态安全威胁与压力的基础性工作。     

创新主流意识形态研究方式之探析

主流意识形态与中国哲学社会科学创新体系具有紧密的联系,创新主流意识形态研究方式,既是当代中国一个重要的理论与现实命题,亦是中国哲学社会科学创新体系的前提。创新中国主流意识形态研究方式,有三个重要的维度：一是从文明格局的高度创新主流意识形态研究方式,把握主流意识形态的历史连续性与文化特性,反对历史虚无主义和历史复古主义;二是以包容并蓄的方式拓展、丰富主流意识形态研究的视角与内容,在研究创新中优化主导地位,克服居高临下的意识形态傲慢和无力失语的意识形态虚弱症状;三是秉承开放学习的心态对国外主流意识形态进行比较研究,在借鉴交流中维护我国的主流意识形态安全,克服封闭自语和盲目崇外的意识形态研究套路,创造无隗于时代的意识形态新文化。     

阿尔都塞:意识形态理论与拉康

阿尔都塞哲学对后现代文化影响最大的东西是他的意识形态理论。他的意识形态理论之所以在后世有如此大的光亮 ,主要原因是他对拉康的挪用。拉康对个人主体的证伪成了阿尔都塞意识形态逻辑的起步基石 ,拉康的异化主体论则引申出意识形态文化建构中的常人镜像复制和对统治本身的自动臣服。社会关系被再生产 ,于是统治被再生产。     

当代城市与可持续发展研究

目前我国正处在城市化的高速发展时期,大量的土地开发,使老城市中原有的基础设施和人文景观面临结构性改造,或是被拆除。城市开发与城市的特色、发展经济与环境保护的矛盾日渐突出。因此,许多城市正面临着新的选择和挑战。对此,应保护传统城镇特色,结合中国传统自然观中的社会伦理、重自然的思想,重新审视城市发展当中的误区,寻求与自然和谐发展的道路,包括对城市化进程中人文关怀、保护历史人文景观、地域文化特色和地方地理特貌等各个景观类别,研究当代人与社会环境、社会资源配置及城市开发的思想定位等。     

Power and Wisdom: Toward a History of Social Behavior

Cross-disciplinary studies carried out lately by Russian scholars discovered a causal relationship between the three variables: technological potential, cultural regulation quality, and social sustainability. The patterns called techno-humanitarian balance law, states that the higher production and war technologies' power, the more refined the behaviorregulation means (consolidated values and norms, etc.) that are required for self-preservation of the society. The article shows that the law has controlled social selection for all of human history and prehistory, discarding unbalanced social organisms, as far as they could not cope with ecological and (or) geopolitical crises, which had been caused by their own activities. It also shows how successive growth of instrumental opportunities in long-term retrospection has dramatically led to the consecutive perfection of cultural and psychological regulation mechanisms. Relevant calculations, comparative-anthropological evidence, and historical illustrations are provided. Regularities in mental processes are described that precede and accompany crisis-causing behavior, to certain extent regardless of population's historical and cultural peculiarities.     

中国传统思想政治工作与社会工作的比较和借鉴

思想政治工作和社会工作都是做人的工作,二者在历史起源、价值理念、工作对象、工作主体、工作关系的性质和原则方法等方面存在区别。同时,二者在方法、根本目的、工作的要求等方面又有相通之处。二者的相互借鉴主要体现在思想政治工作为社会工作的本土化提供思想基础和借鉴社会工作的接纳原则,实现思想政治工作者与工作对象之间的平等与尊重。在构建和谐社会的过程中,思想政治工作与社会工作相互借鉴、共同努力,为解决经济转轨、社会转型与经济社会发展中出现的一系列问题做出应有的贡献。