共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Konstantinos Alexandris Vasilis Barkoukis Charalampos Tsormpatzoudis 《European review of aging and physical activity》2007,4(1):39-48
This study aimed to investigate the degree to which the elements of the theory of planned behavior mediate the relationship
between constraints and intention to continuing participation in physical activities. The sample of the study consisted of
119 (N = 119) older individuals who participated in organized physical activity programs. The results indicated that attitudes and
perceived behavioral control were negatively correlated with constraints, whereas the subjective norm variable had no relationship
with them. In terms of the mediation role of the elements of the theory of planned behavior, the results indicated that both
attitudes and perceived behavioral control partially mediated the relationship between constraints and intention, with the
perceived behavioral control variable being the strongest mediator. These findings suggest that the theory of planned behavior
elements mediate the constraints–intention relationship and determine, in a large degree, the older individuals’ intention
to continuing taking part in physical activities. 相似文献
2.
Loes Keijsers Susan J. T. Branje Inge E. VanderValk Wim Meeus 《Journal of research on adolescence》2010,20(1):88-113
This two-wave multi-informant study examined the bidirectional associations of parental control and solicitation with adolescent disclosure and delinquency. Participants were 289 adolescents (150 females and 139 males, modal age 14) and both parents. Parental solicitation and control did not predict adolescent delinquency, but adolescents' self-reported disclosure was a negative predictor of delinquency. In addition, delinquency predicted less disclosure. Furthermore, maternal solicitation predicted disclosure and adolescent disclosure predicted parental solicitation. All relations held after controlling for leisure time spent with parents and with peers. These longitudinal findings show an overlap in the development of parental solicitation and the development of adolescent disclosure, but also show that only adolescent disclosure is negatively related to delinquency over time. 相似文献
3.
Dorothy L. Taylor Jr. Frank A. Biafora George Warheit Andres Gil 《Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless》2013,22(1):71-87
This article reports on a study of 503 African-American, Hispanic, and White non-Hispanic adolescent girls attending public schools in Miami, Florida. The primary objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of 13 self-reported delinquent behaviors in the sample, to compare these rates among the three groups of students, and to explore the predictive influences of several family factors that correlate with delinquency. It was found that 37.5% of the sample engaged in one or more acts of serious delinquency, with African-Americans reporting they had engaged in significantly more of these behaviors. The best predictors of theft/vandalism were low family pride and family substance abuse for Hispanics, low family communication for African-Americans, and low family pride for White non-Hispanics. The findings indicate that traditional family factors that have been used repeatedly to understand delinquency by male adolescents were not strong predictors of delinquency among the adolescent girls in the sample. 相似文献
4.
Dorothy L. Taylor Frank A. Biafora Jr. George Warheit Andres Gil 《Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless》1997,6(1):71-87
This article reports on a study of 503 African-American, Hispanic, and White non-Hispanic adolescent girls attending public schools in Miami, Florida, The primary objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of 13 self-reported delinquent behaviors in the sample, to compare these rates among the three groups of students, and to explore the predictive influences of several family factors that correlate with delinquency. It was found that 37.5% of the sample engaged in one or more acts of serious delinquency, with African-Americans reporting they had engaged in significantly more of these behaviors. The best predictors of theft/vandalism were low family pride and family substance abuse for Hispanics, low family communication for African-Americans, and low family pride for White non-Hispanics. The findings indicate that traditional family factors that have been used repeatedly to understand delinquency by male adolescents were not strong predictors of delinquency among the adolescent girls in the sample. 相似文献
5.
This paper examines the work of sociologists as expert witnesses and how sociological theory is used in criminal trials. The
study describes how alternative sociological theories were propounded by sociologist expert witnesses and used by competing
lawyers to establish the correct understanding of the case. The paper indicates that the sociological testimony was relevant to the deliberations
and verdicts and details how the judge’s and jurors’ practical treatment of the law and evidence reconciled the adversaries’
mutually exclusive, partisan positions and the theoretical bases for those positions. 相似文献
6.
Jason A. Ford 《Sociological inquiry》2005,75(1):109-128
This research integrated elements from the drugs‐delinquency field with life course criminology to examine the reciprocal relationship between substance use and delinquency during adolescence. Data from three waves of the National Youth Survey were used to examine research hypotheses. Findings indicate that there were significant direct and indirect effects. There was evidence of stability in both behaviors, prior substance use predicted future substance use and prior delinquency predicted future delinquency. In addition, prior substance use predicted future delinquency and prior delinquency predicted future substance use. This was due, in part, to the significant indirect connections in the relationship between substance use and delinquency. It appears that substance use and delinquency weaken the social bond, which leads to continued substance use and delinquency. 相似文献
7.
Chiquitia L. Welch-Brewer Patricia Stoddard-Dare Christopher A. Mallett 《Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal》2011,28(3):229-241
Predicting juvenile court outcomes based on youthful offenders’ delinquency risk factors is important for the adolescent social
work field as well as the juvenile justice system. Using a random sample of 341 delinquent youth from one Midwestern urban
county, this study extends previous research by examining if race, substance abuse, and mental health disorders influence
important delinquency outcomes (number of court offenses, felony conviction(s), probation supervision length, detention length,
and number of probation services) differently for male and female juvenile offenders. Multivariate analysis findings revealed
that race was significant only for males, and having a substance use disorder was a stronger predictor of delinquency outcomes
for males; whereas, having a mental health disorder was a stronger predictor of delinquency outcomes for females. Implications
for this research include the importance of early disorder identification and subsequent availability of gender-focused treatment. 相似文献
8.
Marci Schwartz Heather Kissinger Sorensen Seth Ammerman Emilie Bard 《Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal》2008,25(4):255-269
This paper reports the findings of an exploratory study examining the relationship between homelessness and delinquency in
adolescents. Researchers collected data from interviews of 42 homeless youth contacted through a drop-in center in San Jose,
California. Participants responded to a structured interview as well as two vignettes describing situations in which crimes
were committed. The most striking findings are that (1) reported rates of delinquency are higher than expected based on past
research, and (2) despite the high rates of delinquency, answers to a “three wishes” question describe wishes and ideals that
are largely consistent with mainstream societal values. This paper provides a survey of existing research on homeless youth
and delinquency, a comparison of our findings to those of previous studies, and two detailed case studies that highlight the
patterns we observed in the broader survey. 相似文献
9.
Alexander W. Cappelen Astri Drange Hole Erik ?. S?rensen Bertil Tungodden 《Social Choice and Welfare》2011,36(1):105-120
This article studies how individual behavior is affected by moral reflection in a dictator game with production. We make individuals
reflect on fairness, in a structured way, before they play the dictator game. Our results suggest that moral reflection not
only increases the weight people attach to fairness in distributive choices, but also has a strong effect on what people consider
fair. Furthermore, we study the informational value of self-reported data. We find that self-reported data have substantial
informational value, but do not add explanatory power to a random utility model estimated on purely behavioral data. Finally,
we study whether there is a self-serving bias in the participants’ fairness perceptions, but do not find much evidence of
this phenomenon in the data. 相似文献
10.
Delinquency studies often use substantiation as a proxy for child maltreatment, but may underestimate maltreatment involved in unsubstantiated reports. This study assesses whether youth with unsubstantiated investigations have distinct subtypes of delinquency as compared to youth with substantiated reports. We conclude that while the subtypes of delinquency are similar, some differences between the two groups underscore the need to study the larger population of unsubstantiated investigations, which comprise 81.5% of investigations. To compare the groups we used two-group latent class analysis, and then regressed covariates onto the resulting subtypes. The sample consisted of 432 11–17 year old participants in Wave 1 of the second National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW II) with no prior investigations; 191 youth had unsubstantiated investigations and 241 youth had substantiated investigations. We identified three similar subtypes for both groups: delinquency, petty theft, and normative. We found two differences: First, more unsubstantiated youth were normative subtype members and fewer were in the petty theft and delinquency subtypes. Second, delinquency subtype youth with unsubstantiated investigations were more likely to attack with a weapon, steal or try to steal things worth between $50 and $100, and shoplift. In contrast, substantiated youth were more likely to carry a hidden weapon. When covariates were included we found that being male reduced the likelihood of being in the petty theft subtype. For substantiated cases, being older or male increased the likelihood of being in the delinquency subtype. Our findings of high probabilities of marijuana and inhalant use among delinquency subtype youth for both groups is a target for interventions. 相似文献
11.
Workplace Policy and Environment,Family Role Quality,and Positive Family-to-Work Spillover 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
Daphne E. Pedersen Krista Lynn Minnotte Gary Kiger Susan E. Mannon 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》2009,30(1):80-89
We used role theory to direct our analysis of the association between family-friendly policies, workplace environment, family
role quality, and positive spillover from family to work. Taking data from 104 dual-earner couples with children living in
Utah, we examined the influence of both partners’ access to family-friendly policies, both partners’ workplace environments, and the family role quality reported by the couple. We found that family role quality was
significantly associated with positive family-to-work spillover for men and women. In addition, women’s own workplace culture
and the ability of women’s partners to leave work to care for children were associated with women’s positive family-to-work
spillover. These findings were viewed through the lens of gender theory and traditionally structured institutions and roles. 相似文献
12.
This qualitative study examines Hong Kong Chinese parents’ perceptions and experiences of involving in their primary school
children’s homework process. It draws upon the theoretical frameworks of family capital theory and family resource management
perspective to explicate the role of parents in enhancing children’s homework outcomes. Information was collected through
individual and focus-group interviews with 52 parents who had at least one child attending primary school. Findings of this
study provide a glimpse into the range of homework-involvement strategies used by Chinese parents, and reveal parental goals
and cultural values embedded in the generation of family capital. Such understanding on parental involvement is helpful for
schools and policy-makers in cultivating parents’ participation in home-based learning processes for children. 相似文献
13.
E A Wells D M Morrison M R Gillmore R F Catalano B Iritani J D Hawkins 《Journal of drug education》1992,22(2):115-130
This article examines racial differences in self-reported delinquency, school trouble, antisocial attitudes, and toughness and in teacher-rated aggressive and inattentive behaviors among fifth grade black, white, and Asian American subjects. Also examined are the relationships of these variables to substance initiation within each racial group. Controlling for socio-economic status, racial groups differed from one another in self-reported delinquency, school trouble and toughness, and in teacher-rated aggressiveness and inattention. Antisocial behavior and attitudes were stronger predictors of substance initiation for Asian American than for black and white children. For white children both self-reported and teacher-rated behavior were significantly related to substance initiation. For black children, only self-reported antisocial behavior, and for Asian American children only self-reported delinquent behavior and attitudes predicted substance initiation. Implications for prevention and research are discussed. 相似文献
14.
This commentary addresses Olivola and Todorov’s “Elected in 100 ms: Appearance-Based Trait Inferences and Voting” and considers
its valuable contribution to the field of nonverbal communication. This work suggests that contemporary politics and voting
behavior are so complex that they can be better understood outside of laboratory settings where the vital elements on culture
and context come into play. By using consumer culture theory and other cultural theories of branding, this commentary evaluates
elements of Barack Obama’s presidential run, and considers why his campaign resonated so well with voters in contemporary
United States culture. 相似文献
15.
There is growing evidence that addressees in interaction integrate the semantic information conveyed by speakers’ gestures.
Little is known, however, about whether and how addressees’ attention to gestures and the integration of gestural information
can be modulated. This study examines the influence of a social factor (speakers’ gaze to their own gestures), and two physical
factors (the gesture’s location in gesture space and gestural holds) on addressees’ overt visual attention to gestures (direct
fixations of gestures) and their uptake of gestural information. It also examines the relationship between gaze and uptake.
The results indicate that addressees’ overt visual attention to gestures is affected both by speakers’ gaze and holds but
for different reasons, whereas location in space plays no role. Addressees’ uptake of gesture information is only influenced
by speakers’ gaze. There is little evidence of a direct relationship between addressees’ direct fixations of gestures and
their uptake. 相似文献
16.
Stephen E. Brown 《Sociological inquiry》1985,55(2):212-223
This paper addresses the issue of the relationship between social class and delinquency to determine if the discrepancy between findings with official versus selfreport data can he resolved. Methodological suggestions which numerous researchers have suggested might explicate the discrepancy were incorporated. These include the use of a disproportionatc stratified sample to facilitate focus on relativcly serious self-reported delinquent behavior, separate analyses of subscales representing different domains of delinquency, and operationalization of social class by multiple indicators, including some consistent with the concept of an underclass. It was found that only offenses against persons consistently correlate negatively with measures of social class. However, analysis of self-reported contacts with police and courts suggests the presence of social class biases in the juvenile justice process and raises questions concerning the appropriateness of using disproportionate stratified samples in this context. 相似文献
17.
Chikako Yamauchi 《Review of Economics of the Household》2010,8(2):231-253
The supply of formal childcare has expanded in many developed countries. However, there is ambiguity in the theory whether
the entry of care providers increases consumers’ surplus in a market with differentiated services, such as childcare. This
study empirically investigates how perceived search costs and parental life satisfaction change when actual childcare availability
is altered. It exploits the new panel data from Australia on the number of center-based childcare places per 100 children
within a household’s residential area. The results show that an increase in the availability of center-based childcare is
associated with a decrease in perceived difficulty in finding ‘good quality’ childcare, as well as an increase in mothers’
satisfaction with the amount of free time available. These findings imply that the local availability of center-based childcare
has enhanced the subjective well-being of parents. 相似文献
18.
Ruth Seydlitz 《Sociological spectrum》2013,33(2):209-225
A recent interest in juvenile delinquency is the effect of parental attachment on delinquency for males and females. This study contributes to this research by demonstrating that the effect of gender on the relationship between parental attachment and delinquency depends on age. The inverse effect of virtual supervision on delinquency is significantly greater for males at age 15 than at age 11, and significantly greater for males than for females at age 15. The inverse effect of intimacy of communication on delinquency is significantly greater for males at age 11 than at age 18, and significantly greater for females than for males at age 18. The implications of these results for Hirschi's theory and future research comparing male and female delinquency are discussed. 相似文献
19.
Julie C. Dunsmore Pa Her Amy G. Halberstadt Marie B. Perez-Rivera 《Journal of Nonverbal Behavior》2009,33(2):121-140
This study investigated parents’ emotion-related beliefs, experience, and expression, and children’s recognition of their
parents’ emotions with 40 parent-child dyads. Parents reported beliefs about danger and guidance of children’s emotions. While
viewing emotion-eliciting film clips, parents self-reported their emotional experience and masking of emotion. Children and
observers rated videos of parents watching emotion-eliciting film clips. Fathers reported more masking than mothers and their
emotional expressions were more difficult for both observers and children to recognize compared with mothers’ emotional expressions.
For fathers, but not mothers, showing clearer expressions was related to children’s general skill at recognizing emotional
expressions. Parents who believe emotions are dangerous reported greater masking of emotional expression. Contrary to hypothesis,
when parents strongly believe in guiding their child’s emotion socialization, children showed less accurate recognition of
their parents’ emotions.
相似文献
Julie C. DunsmoreEmail: |
20.
Lucybel Mendez Nick Morelli Kelly D. Cromer Miguel Villodas 《Journal of research on adolescence》2023,33(1):154-168
Research shows comorbidity between posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and externalizing problems among polyvictimized youth. However, the impact of polyvictimization on the longitudinal co-development of PTSS and distinct forms of externalizing problems remains unclear. Growth trajectory modeling was used to address this gap. At ages 8, 12, and 16, polyvictimization was measured using youth, caregiver, and official records; whereas youth self-reported PTSS and caregivers reported aggression and delinquency. Results demonstrate that changes in PTSS and each externalizing domain were independent. Further, polyvictimization and PTSS/aggression were only associated at concurrent time points. In contrast, polyvictimization and delinquency were generally associated at concurrent and distal time points, suggesting that polyvictimization may have a more enduring impact on youths' delinquent behaviors than other symptoms. 相似文献