我国银行业的并购战略

我国银行业目前存在的主要问题1.资本充足率和资产质量偏低,银行抗御风险的能力较差。商业银行改革,提高资产质量是关键。然而由于历史的和现实的原因,我国金融机构的不良贷款比例远远高于国家规定的15%的要求。央行数据显示,至2001年末,国有独资商业银行的不良贷款比例约为25%,部分其它金融机构的不良贷款比例还要高于这一比例,一些新的不良资产还有增长的趋势。不良资产使银行背上了沉重的包袱,制约了银行的发展。同时四大国有商业银行的资本充足率也不高,2001年末国有独资商业银行平均资本充足率为5.75%,离上市的10%还有较大的差距,与国…     

我国上市商业银行风险管理效率的DEA分析——基于2013年银行财务年报数据计算分析

对信用风险的把控是现代商业银行创造盈利的基础,商业银行发展影响我国经济建设稳定发展,如何制定有力的银行风险管理机制,完善监管体系,构建科学的风险管理系统,是商业银行发展的重点。为使银行在信用风险评价方面更为科学合理,本文引入DEA数据包络理论,选取了2013年中国A股上市的十六家国内商业银行的财务数据进行DEA模型计算分析。分析结果中论述了DEA模型所选取的资本充足率、拨备覆盖率、流动性比率对资产充足率和不良贷款率的影响。     

浅谈我国商业银行信贷风险管理

银行信贷业务所带来的信用风险及其控制也一直是商业银行最为关注和棘手的问题。随着国际金融市场的不断发展,特别是2008年美国次贷危机的爆发,我国商业银行资产质量恶化,不良贷款比重较高,国有商业银行信用风险暴露尚不充分,且面临的风险有加大的趋势。在经营中出现了资本充足率下降,银行的抗风险能力降低。因此,我国商业银行信贷风险防范策略研究既有理论探讨价值,又有实际现实意义。本文根据金融发展理论和银行信贷管理的实践,对当前建设银行信贷风险管理中存在的主要问题,提出一系列信贷风险管理对策。     

国有商业银行与股份制商业银行顾客忠诚意向驱动因素比较研究

为对国有商业银行和股份制商业顾客忠诚意向驱动因素进行对比研究,本文将银行类型作为调节变量引入模型。Logit Moderated回归模型结果显示,国有商业银行和股份制商业银行顾客忠诚意向的差异,主要来源于顾客对两者价值资产和关系资产的感知显著不同,而顾客感知两者品牌资产的差异在统计上不显著。在其它变量水平相同的情况下,国有商业银行比股份制商业银行为顾客提供的价值高,但股份制商业银行比国有商业银行与顾客的关系更紧密。该结论从统计上论证了国有商业银行和股份制商业银行各自维持顾客忠诚的特点,同时也为银行未来优化营销经费配置提供了理论依据。     

商业银行资本结构对盈利能力的影响研究——基于中国15家上市银行面板数据的分析

以上市商业银行资本结构与盈利能力的关系为研究对象,选取15家商业银行2009—2013年的数据为样本,定量分析了商业银行资本结构对盈利能力的影响。结果表明,前五大股东持股比例和资本充足率对银行盈利能力的影响不太明显。对银行盈利能力影响最大的是第一大股东性质,而GDP增长率则与它负相关。研究还发现,国有控股银行的平均盈利水平远远高于全国性股份制银行和城市银行,全国性股份制银行在资本充足率上高于另两类银行。     

浅析我国商业银行风险管理

一、商业银行风险管理的概念巴塞尔委员会将银行风险分为八类：信用风险、国家和转移风险、市场风险、利率风险、流动性风险、操作风险、法律风险和声誉风险。巴塞尔新资本协议对资本充足率有新的更进一步的要求：把评估银行资本充足率的工作与银行面对的主要风险更紧密地结合起来,有多少风险就应该有多少资本,风险越大的银行资本就应该越多。商业银行的风险管理是指商业银行为实现自身的经营目标,在业务经营过程中,运用现代管理方法对其业务风险进行识别、衡量和处理的活动以及金融管理当局为实现金融、经济稳定健康发展的要求,对商业银行风险实施的外部监管活动的总称。     

影响我国上市银行资本充足率困境因素分析

随着我国经济的高速增长,商业银行资本金充足率不足的现象越来越严重。不停的注资和资本市场再融资直接导致控股股东的频繁变更,且给资本市场造成巨大冲击,必将对银行的经营和战略造成重大影响。本文运用多元回归分析,选取最新的、合理的数据进行实证分析。结果表明:银行信贷资产规模的过快增长、银行的盈利能力低,盈利的增长赶不上资产的扩张、商业银行的利润结构不合理、不良贷款率高企、金融衍生资产占总资产比率低等是影响上市商业银行资本充足率困境的主要因素。文章对如何走出该困境提出了对策建议。     

银行破产的财务因素分析:金融危机冲击下美国银行业的实证

由次贷危机引发的金融危机对美国银行业造成数以百计的商业银行破产,为研究商业银行破产提供了绝佳的样本。本文收集了受危机冲击的美国破产的商业银行样本以及对比样本,研究美国商业银行破产的财务影响因素。本文在用单变量检验方法检验备选财务指标有效性的基础上,建立了加权Logit模型,利用模型贡献度指标分析财务因素的显著性和影响程度。实证结果表明,不仅资产回报率、资本充足率、净贷款占比和金融衍生产品投资对银行破产具有显著影响,资产回报率和净贷款占比的变化率也具有显著作用;而且资产回报率和资本充足率的影响远远大于其他因素。值得特别提出的是,尽管金融衍生产品被广泛认为是这次金融危机的主要原因之一,实证结果显示金融衍生产品投资对样本银行的稳健性具有正向影响。     

资本结构与股权结构对商业银行综合绩效的影响

依据商业银行三性原则及骆驼评价体系,采用主成分分析法构建了商业银行综合绩效指标,选用我国14家银行2007～2011年的面板数据研究了资本结构与股权结构对我国商业银行绩效的影响。结果表明:资本充足率及股权集中度能显著地影响商业银行的绩效;国有属性对商业银行综合绩效有正向影响,但不显著。     

我国上市商业银行财务风险研究

上市商业银行财务风险管理是银行管理的一个重要环节,关系到其长期的发展。本文选取我国八家典型的上市商业银行,结合银行具体财务数据,从资本、资产质量、流动性和整体盈利水平等方面分析其财务风险的现状。最后,根据研究结论,提出引导我国上市商业银行财务风险管理的意见,以便更好地促进我国上市商业银行的健康发展。     

Introduction to Special Section on Sensitivity Analysis and Summary of NCSU/USDA Workshop on Sensitivity Analysis

This guest editorial is a summary of the NCSU/USDA Workshop on Sensitivity Analysis held June 11–12, 2001 at North Carolina State University and sponsored by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Office of Risk Assessment and Cost Benefit Analysis. The objective of the workshop was to learn across disciplines in identifying, evaluating, and recommending sensitivity analysis methods and practices for application to food‐safety process risk models. The workshop included presentations regarding the Hazard Assessment and Critical Control Points (HACCP) framework used in food‐safety risk assessment, a survey of sensitivity analysis methods, invited white papers on sensitivity analysis, and invited case studies regarding risk assessment of microbial pathogens in food. Based on the sharing of interdisciplinary information represented by the presentations, the workshop participants, divided into breakout sessions, responded to three trigger questions: What are the key criteria for sensitivity analysis methods applied to food‐safety risk assessment? What sensitivity analysis methods are most promising for application to food safety and risk assessment? and What are the key needs for implementation and demonstration of such methods? The workshop produced agreement regarding key criteria for sensitivity analysis methods and the need to use two or more methods to try to obtain robust insights. Recommendations were made regarding a guideline document to assist practitioners in selecting, applying, interpreting, and reporting the results of sensitivity analysis.     

Distinguishing traumatic, vicarious and routine operational stressor exposure and attendant adverse consequences in a sample of police officers

Problems in studying occupational stress within the police service are identified and the paucity of work on operational duties as potential stressors are discussed. The present study reports the results of a factor analysis of operational stressors (N = 601 serving British police officers) that revealed three factors: exposure to death and disaster; violence and injury; sexual crime. These were demonstrated to be reliable scales and were included in logistic regression models together with a range of demographic and psychological variables. Models were applied to men and women separately, which showed there to be different predictors of the likelihood of suffering distress (measured by the General Health Questionnaire, GHQ) in terms of the officer's gender and operational role. Overall the model for women officers was better at predicting psychological distress than that for men. These findings are related to aspects of the police occupational culture. Further discussion is offered that conceptualizes police operational stressors as traumatic, routine and vicarious. Finally, some implications are drawn for the provision of stress intervention in the light of this differentiation.     

Criteria for selecting a production control philosophy

Logistic objectives constitute a compromise between having short leadtimes and a low volume of work in progress on the one hand and a high resource loading and due date obligation on the other. Miscellaneous production planning approaches offered today provide different combinations of logistic objectives for satisfying a manufacturing strategy. To combine the strength of the various approaches into a unified system, a new approach based on a dynamic and distributed production planning methodology is proposed. To customize the approach, various analyses and specifications have to be made and for that reason some important characteristics and criteria for analysing production control philosophies will be given.     

The social construction of the meaning of acute stressors: a qualitative study of the personal accounts of police officers using a stress counselling service

The police profession is one in which acute stressors are encountered more frequently than in other occupations. Using the personal accounts of 35 police officers attending an in-house stress counselling clinic, the aim of the present study was to provide a qualitative examination of how the institutional context of policing influenced the ways in which acute stressors signified to individual police officers experiencing felt distress. Using the framework of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy as an analytical tool, it is argued that beliefs contributing to the experience of felt distress are related to the way in which policing as both an identity and an activity is constructed through the police organizational culture. Not only do these constructions influence the ways in which officers perceive themselves and their environments, but they also operate at the collective level to 'normalize' some emotional responses and to 'pathologize' others which, it is argued, could impact upon the outcomes of interventions such as stress counselling.     

The moderating role of social support in Karasek's job strain model

This paper examines whether social support is a boundary-determining criterion in the job strain model of Karasek (1979). The particular focus is the extent to which different sources of social support, work overload and task control influence job satisfaction, depersonalization and supervisor assessments of work performance. Hypotheses are tested using prospective survey data from 80 clerical staff in a university setting. Results revealed 3-way interactions among levels of support (supervisor, co-worker, non-work), perceived task control and work overload on levels of work performance and employee adjustment (self-report). After controlling for levels of negative affect in all analyses, there was evidence that high levels of supervisor support mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of job satisfaction and reduced reported levels of depersonalization. Moreover, high levels of non-work support and co-worker support also mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of work performance. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of social support networks both at, and beyond, the work context.     

Job insecurity, coping resources and personality dispositions in occupational strain

This paper presents research on the relationships between the work-related stressor of perceived job insecurity and various indicators of occupational strain, taking into account employees' personality dispositions (trait negative and positive affectivity) and coping resources. Respondents were 222 Australian public servants surveyed during organizational restructuring that involved downsizing and threat to job certainty. The research was formulated within an adaptation of Osipow, Doty, and Spokane's (1985) framework of stress-strain-coping that included the possible direct as well as moderating effects of personality dispositions in reporting occupational strain (Parkes, 1990). Findings from hierarchical regression analyses indicate consistent significant independent effects of personality dispositions, coping resources and perceived job insecurity on various indicators of strain. There was also support for the moderating roles of negative affectivity and self-care in the relation between perceived job insecurity and physical strain. Implications for the role of dispositional factors, especially negative affectivity, and the utility of various coping resources in accounting for occupational strain in times of threatened job security are discussed.     

Job stress, job strain, and psychological withdrawal among Dutch university staff: towards a dualprocess model for the effects of occupational stress

This study examined the antecedents of job strain (emotional exhaustion, health complaints) and withdrawal behaviour (e.g. lowered organizational commitment) among a cross-sectional sample of 131 academic staff members of the law department of a large Dutch university. Conservation of resources theory (Hobfoll, 1989) provided the theoretical background for this study. Strains and withdrawal behaviours were expected to be most prominent among those who reported having few resources and/or who reported high job demands. Structural equation modelling revealed that this was indeed the case. As predicted, differential patterns of effects emerged for job demands and job resources. Analysis of the effects of four job-specific stressors revealed that especially the structural aspects of a staff member's teaching task (e.g. the number of students in their classes) contributed strongly to perceived job demands. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed.     

Employees' perceptions of organizational restructuring: the role of social support

Organizational change and restructuring is often perceived as leading to increased occupational stress, impacting negatively on the psychological well-being of employees. This pragmatic study investigates the role of social support and dispositional affect as moderators of role stress post-restructuring for employees in a public utility company. A total of 176 employees, including 37 managers, 60 graded staff and 78 industrial staff completed a self-report questionnaire, approximately 1 year postrestructuring, retrospectively assessing role conflict, ambiguity, overload and positive and negative feedback pre- and post-restructuring. Results suggested that overall role stress increased for managers/ senior officers and graded staff, but not for industrial staff. Social support was linked with lower role stress, more positive feedback and less negative feedback at post-restructuring. For certain role stressors this impact was moderated by dispositional affect, but the effect was not consistent across occupational groups. Positive affect enhanced the effect of manager support in reducing role conflict for graded staff, and the effect of co-worker support in increasing positive feedback and reducing negative feedback for industrial staff. Findings suggest that managers should pay particular attention to support and feedback for employees during periods of chronic occupational stress following organizational restructuring.     

The Danish psychosocial work environment and symptoms of stress: the main, mediating and moderating role of sense of coherence

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore the main, mediating and moderating role of sense of coherence (SOC) on stress symptoms and on the association between perceived psychosocial work environment and stress symptoms. The sample includes 2053 Danish employees from 52 workplaces. Hierarchical regression models were applied for each measure of stress. The results strongly supported the presence of a main effect for SOC. People with high levels of SOC experienced fewer stress symptoms. A mediating effect of SOC was also supported. Thus, SOC in part explained the association between work environment and stress symptoms. In addition, some support for a moderating effect of SOC was found, suggesting that people with higher SOC coped more efficiently with work environmental strain that people with lower SOC. Taken together the regression models explained 11-32% of the variance in stress symptoms. The results suggest that measures of individual factors such as SOC should be included in analyses of the effects of work environmental factors on stress and well-being.     

Control at work: a generalized resource factor for the prevention of musculoskeletal symptoms?

During the last two decades two potent groups of predictors for work-related musculoskeletal problems have been identified: physical work load and poor psychosocial working conditions. However, little is known about their combined effects. In this study the buffering effect of control at work with respect to the negative effects of psychological demands and physical work load on musculoskeletal problems is examined. All study variables were sampled from 431 people working in geriatric nursing homes in Germany by means of questionnaires. Main effects and interactions were tested with multiple regression analysis. The results showed that control buffered the effects of high psychological demands, but not of high physical work load; the buffering effect of control was observed only when physical work load was low. The combined effects of demands and physical work load were over-additive. Thus, the power of different predictors for musculoskeletal symptoms depended on the level of other predictors. This suggests that the efficiency of certain strategies for the prevention of musculoskeletal problems is likely to depend on the level of risk factors, with different strategies being appropriate for different levels of risk.