我国银行业的并购战略

我国银行业目前存在的主要问题1.资本充足率和资产质量偏低,银行抗御风险的能力较差。商业银行改革,提高资产质量是关键。然而由于历史的和现实的原因,我国金融机构的不良贷款比例远远高于国家规定的15%的要求。央行数据显示,至2001年末,国有独资商业银行的不良贷款比例约为25%,部分其它金融机构的不良贷款比例还要高于这一比例,一些新的不良资产还有增长的趋势。不良资产使银行背上了沉重的包袱,制约了银行的发展。同时四大国有商业银行的资本充足率也不高,2001年末国有独资商业银行平均资本充足率为5.75%,离上市的10%还有较大的差距,与国…     

我国上市商业银行风险管理效率的DEA分析——基于2013年银行财务年报数据计算分析

对信用风险的把控是现代商业银行创造盈利的基础,商业银行发展影响我国经济建设稳定发展,如何制定有力的银行风险管理机制,完善监管体系,构建科学的风险管理系统,是商业银行发展的重点。为使银行在信用风险评价方面更为科学合理,本文引入DEA数据包络理论,选取了2013年中国A股上市的十六家国内商业银行的财务数据进行DEA模型计算分析。分析结果中论述了DEA模型所选取的资本充足率、拨备覆盖率、流动性比率对资产充足率和不良贷款率的影响。     

浅谈我国商业银行信贷风险管理

银行信贷业务所带来的信用风险及其控制也一直是商业银行最为关注和棘手的问题。随着国际金融市场的不断发展,特别是2008年美国次贷危机的爆发,我国商业银行资产质量恶化,不良贷款比重较高,国有商业银行信用风险暴露尚不充分,且面临的风险有加大的趋势。在经营中出现了资本充足率下降,银行的抗风险能力降低。因此,我国商业银行信贷风险防范策略研究既有理论探讨价值,又有实际现实意义。本文根据金融发展理论和银行信贷管理的实践,对当前建设银行信贷风险管理中存在的主要问题,提出一系列信贷风险管理对策。     

国有商业银行与股份制商业银行顾客忠诚意向驱动因素比较研究

为对国有商业银行和股份制商业顾客忠诚意向驱动因素进行对比研究,本文将银行类型作为调节变量引入模型。Logit Moderated回归模型结果显示,国有商业银行和股份制商业银行顾客忠诚意向的差异,主要来源于顾客对两者价值资产和关系资产的感知显著不同,而顾客感知两者品牌资产的差异在统计上不显著。在其它变量水平相同的情况下,国有商业银行比股份制商业银行为顾客提供的价值高,但股份制商业银行比国有商业银行与顾客的关系更紧密。该结论从统计上论证了国有商业银行和股份制商业银行各自维持顾客忠诚的特点,同时也为银行未来优化营销经费配置提供了理论依据。     

商业银行资本结构对盈利能力的影响研究——基于中国15家上市银行面板数据的分析

以上市商业银行资本结构与盈利能力的关系为研究对象,选取15家商业银行2009—2013年的数据为样本,定量分析了商业银行资本结构对盈利能力的影响。结果表明,前五大股东持股比例和资本充足率对银行盈利能力的影响不太明显。对银行盈利能力影响最大的是第一大股东性质,而GDP增长率则与它负相关。研究还发现,国有控股银行的平均盈利水平远远高于全国性股份制银行和城市银行,全国性股份制银行在资本充足率上高于另两类银行。     

浅析我国商业银行风险管理

一、商业银行风险管理的概念巴塞尔委员会将银行风险分为八类：信用风险、国家和转移风险、市场风险、利率风险、流动性风险、操作风险、法律风险和声誉风险。巴塞尔新资本协议对资本充足率有新的更进一步的要求：把评估银行资本充足率的工作与银行面对的主要风险更紧密地结合起来,有多少风险就应该有多少资本,风险越大的银行资本就应该越多。商业银行的风险管理是指商业银行为实现自身的经营目标,在业务经营过程中,运用现代管理方法对其业务风险进行识别、衡量和处理的活动以及金融管理当局为实现金融、经济稳定健康发展的要求,对商业银行风险实施的外部监管活动的总称。     

影响我国上市银行资本充足率困境因素分析

随着我国经济的高速增长,商业银行资本金充足率不足的现象越来越严重。不停的注资和资本市场再融资直接导致控股股东的频繁变更,且给资本市场造成巨大冲击,必将对银行的经营和战略造成重大影响。本文运用多元回归分析,选取最新的、合理的数据进行实证分析。结果表明:银行信贷资产规模的过快增长、银行的盈利能力低,盈利的增长赶不上资产的扩张、商业银行的利润结构不合理、不良贷款率高企、金融衍生资产占总资产比率低等是影响上市商业银行资本充足率困境的主要因素。文章对如何走出该困境提出了对策建议。     

银行破产的财务因素分析:金融危机冲击下美国银行业的实证

由次贷危机引发的金融危机对美国银行业造成数以百计的商业银行破产,为研究商业银行破产提供了绝佳的样本。本文收集了受危机冲击的美国破产的商业银行样本以及对比样本,研究美国商业银行破产的财务影响因素。本文在用单变量检验方法检验备选财务指标有效性的基础上,建立了加权Logit模型,利用模型贡献度指标分析财务因素的显著性和影响程度。实证结果表明,不仅资产回报率、资本充足率、净贷款占比和金融衍生产品投资对银行破产具有显著影响,资产回报率和净贷款占比的变化率也具有显著作用;而且资产回报率和资本充足率的影响远远大于其他因素。值得特别提出的是,尽管金融衍生产品被广泛认为是这次金融危机的主要原因之一,实证结果显示金融衍生产品投资对样本银行的稳健性具有正向影响。     

资本结构与股权结构对商业银行综合绩效的影响

依据商业银行三性原则及骆驼评价体系,采用主成分分析法构建了商业银行综合绩效指标,选用我国14家银行2007～2011年的面板数据研究了资本结构与股权结构对我国商业银行绩效的影响。结果表明:资本充足率及股权集中度能显著地影响商业银行的绩效;国有属性对商业银行综合绩效有正向影响,但不显著。     

我国上市商业银行财务风险研究

上市商业银行财务风险管理是银行管理的一个重要环节,关系到其长期的发展。本文选取我国八家典型的上市商业银行,结合银行具体财务数据,从资本、资产质量、流动性和整体盈利水平等方面分析其财务风险的现状。最后,根据研究结论,提出引导我国上市商业银行财务风险管理的意见,以便更好地促进我国上市商业银行的健康发展。     

The moderating role of social support in Karasek's job strain model

This paper examines whether social support is a boundary-determining criterion in the job strain model of Karasek (1979). The particular focus is the extent to which different sources of social support, work overload and task control influence job satisfaction, depersonalization and supervisor assessments of work performance. Hypotheses are tested using prospective survey data from 80 clerical staff in a university setting. Results revealed 3-way interactions among levels of support (supervisor, co-worker, non-work), perceived task control and work overload on levels of work performance and employee adjustment (self-report). After controlling for levels of negative affect in all analyses, there was evidence that high levels of supervisor support mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of job satisfaction and reduced reported levels of depersonalization. Moreover, high levels of non-work support and co-worker support also mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of work performance. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of social support networks both at, and beyond, the work context.     

Job insecurity, coping resources and personality dispositions in occupational strain

This paper presents research on the relationships between the work-related stressor of perceived job insecurity and various indicators of occupational strain, taking into account employees' personality dispositions (trait negative and positive affectivity) and coping resources. Respondents were 222 Australian public servants surveyed during organizational restructuring that involved downsizing and threat to job certainty. The research was formulated within an adaptation of Osipow, Doty, and Spokane's (1985) framework of stress-strain-coping that included the possible direct as well as moderating effects of personality dispositions in reporting occupational strain (Parkes, 1990). Findings from hierarchical regression analyses indicate consistent significant independent effects of personality dispositions, coping resources and perceived job insecurity on various indicators of strain. There was also support for the moderating roles of negative affectivity and self-care in the relation between perceived job insecurity and physical strain. Implications for the role of dispositional factors, especially negative affectivity, and the utility of various coping resources in accounting for occupational strain in times of threatened job security are discussed.     

Dermal Uptake of 18 Dilute Aqueous Chemicals: In Vivo Disappearance‐Method Measures Greatly Exceed In Vitro‐Based Predictions

Average rates of total dermal uptake (K_up) from short‐term (e.g., bathing) contact with dilute aqueous organic chemicals (DAOCs) are typically estimated from steady‐state in vitro diffusion‐cell measures of chemical permeability (K_p) through skin into receptor solution. Widely used (“PCR‐vitro”) methods estimate K_up by applying diffusion theory to increase K_p predictions made by a physico‐chemical regression (PCR) model that was fit to a large set of K_p measures. Here, K_up predictions for 18 DAOCs made by three PCR‐vitro models (EPA, NIOSH, and MH) were compared to previous in vivo measures obtained by methods unlikely to underestimate K_up. A new PCR model fit to all 18 measures is accurate to within approximately threefold (r = 0.91, p < 10^?5), but the PCR‐vitro predictions (r > 0.63) all tend to underestimate the K_up measures by mean factors (UF, and p value for testing UF = 1) of 10 (EPA, p < 10^?6), 11 (NIOSH, p < 10^?8), and 6.2 (MH, p = 0.018). For all three PCR‐vitro models, log(UF) correlates negatively with molecular weight (r² = 0.31 to 0.84, p = 0.017 to < 10^?6) but not with log(vapor pressure) as an additional predictor (p > 0.05), so vapor pressure appears not to explain the significant in vivo/PCR‐vitro discrepancy. Until this discrepancy is explained, careful in vivo measures of K_up should be obtained for more chemicals, the expanded in vivo database should be compared to in vitro‐based predictions, and in vivo data should be considered in assessing aqueous dermal exposure and its uncertainty.     

Systems Resilience for Multihazard Environments: Definition,Metrics, and Valuation for Decision Making

The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction reported that the 2011 natural disasters, including the earthquake and tsunami that struck Japan, resulted in $366 billion in direct damages and 29,782 fatalities worldwide. Storms and floods accounted for up to 70% of the 302 natural disasters worldwide in 2011, with earthquakes producing the greatest number of fatalities. Average annual losses in the United States amount to about $55 billion. Enhancing community and system resilience could lead to massive savings through risk reduction and expeditious recovery. The rational management of such reduction and recovery is facilitated by an appropriate definition of resilience and associated metrics. In this article, a resilience definition is provided that meets a set of requirements with clear relationships to the metrics of the relevant abstract notions of reliability and risk. Those metrics also meet logically consistent requirements drawn from measure theory, and provide a sound basis for the development of effective decision‐making tools for multihazard environments. Improving the resiliency of a system to meet target levels requires the examination of system enhancement alternatives in economic terms, within a decision‐making framework. Relevant decision analysis methods would typically require the examination of resilience based on its valuation by society at large. The article provides methods for valuation and benefit‐cost analysis based on concepts from risk analysis and management.     

Job strain and psychotropic drug use among white-collar workers

The main objective of this study was to measure the association between simultaneous exposure to high psychological demand and low decision latitude at work and the use of psychotropic drugs among white-collar workers. A second objective was to determine whether social support at work modified this association. A cross-sectional study was performed that included 2786 workers from the public sector in the Greater Quebec City area. A self-administered questionnaire was used in order to evaluate psychological demand, decision latitude and social support at work. Psychotropic drug use was measured over a period of 2 days. The prevalence of psychotropic drug use among the participants was found to be 3.9%, even though 20.5% were exposed to job strain. The association between job strain and psychotropic drug use, after adjustment for social support at work, age, gender, education, family income, employment status, occupation, stressful life events, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity, was statistically significant (odds ratio: 4.5, 95% CI 1.7?12.2). Social support did not appear to modify this association. The results of this study suggest that job strain might be a determinant of psychotropic drug use among white collar workers. Social support at work does not appear, however, to modify this association.     

Role clarity, work overload and organizational support: multilevel evidence of the importance of support

The present study extended the demands-control-support model used in occupational stress research in two ways. First, it hypothesized that role clarity (i.e. role ambiguity), like control, would moderate the relationship between demands and psychological strain. Second, the study assessed support (from leaders) as a macro characteristic of the work-group environment. Data were drawn from a large study of US army soldiers, the study sample consisting of 1786 lower enlisted male soldiers. The inclusion of support as a work-group characteristic lead to a multilevel test of the model. A three-way multilevel interaction among work demands, role clarity and support was observed. As predicted, the relationship between demands and psychological strain was moderated by role clarity; however, this moderating relationship was found only when work-group support was high.     

Leadership, levels of analysis, and déjà vu: Modest proposals for taxonomy and cladistics coupled with replication and visualization

In the inaugural issue of LQ's Yearly Review of Leadership, Hunt and Dodge (2000, p. 442) note that, “Within the last two decades, one of the crucial developments in organizational research in general, and in leadership research specifically, is the articulation of specific levels of analysis and their implications for theory building, measurement, and observation.” Their original observations are updated by extending the inferential logic of Yammarino, Dionne, Chun and Dansereau (2005) to determine if any increase in the utilization of a level of analysis perspective has occurred in the last five years. The possible evolution of leadership theory and analysis is discussed, especially with reference to Relational Leadership Theory, Leader–Member Exchange, and Individualized Dyadic Theory. Proposals incorporating taxonomic and visualization tools as a means to help bridge the stakeholder gap are also offered.     

Information Frictions in Trade

It is costly to learn about market conditions elsewhere, especially in developing countries. This paper examines how such information frictions affect trade. Using data on regional agricultural trade in the Philippines, I first document a number of observed patterns in trade flows and prices that suggest the presence of information frictions. I then incorporate information frictions into a perfect competition trade model by embedding a process whereby heterogeneous producers engage in a costly sequential search process to determine where to sell their produce. I show that introducing information frictions reconciles the theory with the observed patterns in the data. Structural estimation of the model finds that information frictions are quantitatively important: roughly half the observed regional price dispersion is due to information frictions. Furthermore, incorporating information frictions improves the out‐of‐sample predictive power of the model.     

The Economics of Density: Evidence From the Berlin Wall

This paper develops a quantitative model of internal city structure that features agglomeration and dispersion forces and an arbitrary number of heterogeneous city blocks. The model remains tractable and amenable to empirical analysis because of stochastic shocks to commuting decisions, which yield a gravity equation for commuting flows. To structurally estimate agglomeration and dispersion forces, we use data on thousands of city blocks in Berlin for 1936, 1986, and 2006 and exogenous variation from the city's division and reunification. We estimate substantial and highly localized production and residential externalities. We show that the model with the estimated agglomeration parameters can account both qualitatively and quantitatively for the observed changes in city structure. We show how our quantitative framework can be used to undertake counterfactuals for changes in the organization of economic activity within cities in response, for example, to changes in the transport network.     

Modelling end-of-life product recovery chains - a case study

European Union legislation, and existing national legislation of many European countries, mandates that manufacturers take back and recover their electronic and electrical equipment. If manufacturers are to comply with legislation, models need to be developed for these activities. Whilst infrastructural and technological deficits exist and must be addressed, so too must the organization of recovery, from a business perspective. In this paper, models of resource recovery are presented and a case study described.