面向大数据管理决策研究的全景式PAGE框架

大数据和人工智能的飞速发展增加了管理决策领域的复杂性和动态性，也为研究和应用提供了广袤的拓新空间.全景式PAGE框架作为大数据管理决策研究的方向性框架，在大数据问题特征的映射下形成了一个4×3要素矩阵，在理论范式(P)、分析技术(A)、资源治理(G)、使能创新(E)的研究探索中发挥着重要作用.本文结合NSFC大数据重大研究计划的开展，进一步阐释全景式PAGE框架的内涵和关系逻辑，并面向领域情境讨论重要科学问题、求解路径和新知贡献.本文旨在从大数据管理决策研究的视角为大数据等颠覆性信息技术应用的相关研究提供前沿方向和创新突破上的启迪；同时为管理学科及其相关学科领域开展交叉属性强、应用情境差异化特点突出的科研攻关提供参考.     

神经信息系统研究: 现状与展望

神经信息系统(neuro information systems,Neuro IS)是认知神经科学理论、方法和工具在信息系统领域的应用,从全新的方法论视角研究和解决信息系统中的相关问题.神经信息系统的研究主要集中在系统设计与优化、信息服务与决策、社会网络与互动这三大领域,主要的研究范式可分为情景实验的研究范式、心理学及决策科学经典任务应用的研究范式、多任务多方法结合三类.神经信息系统研究方法有效弥补了传统信息系统研究存在的不足,减少了应答偏误、实现了用户心理过程的准确测量并探索了用户决策的神经机制,发展和深化了信息系统的研究手段和理论基础.神经信息系统研究在补充和丰富现有理论的基础上,通过探索和发现传统信息系统领域中尚未解决以及存在争议的问题,揭示用户信息决策的机制,打开“黑箱”,推动信息系统科学研究向“更客观,更深入”的方向发展.当前数字经济蓬勃发展,神经信息系统方向的发展为从事信息系统研究的学者提出了新的历史使命,创造了新的历史机遇.     

行为运作管理:一个正在显现的研究领域

从制造、服务到供应链以及产品研发的绝大多数运作中,人都是系统的重要组成部分.人类行为可能会大大影响运作系统,并对管理措施做出反应.在已有文献的基础上,总结了传统运作管理的研究范式,提出了行为运作管理的定义、运作管理与行为研究的结合方式以及行为运作管理的研究范式,分析了人员试验作为研究方法来揭示人类行为影响的研究现状,并结合人力资源管理,提出了行为运作管理未来研究的基本思路.     

数智赋能:信息系统研究的新跃迁

在大数据和人工智能技术飞速进步及其与社会经济活动的融合持续深化的同时,数据治理,高阶智能以及数智赋能正在成为数字经济发展的关注焦点,进而引发信息系统研究的新跃迁。本文首先刻画了我国信息系统研究的阶段演化框架,讨论研究的“造”与“用”视角、主题跃迁、价值创造特点、方法论范式等。接着,通过凝练对于大数据的认识,揭示管理决策要素转变,探讨了现阶段信息系统研究的若干前沿方向,包括“大数据驱动”研究方法论范式、智能方法创新、人机融合行为等方面的研究进展,并概述了相应的建模思路和求解路径。最后,从数据、算法、赋能的层面,阐释数智化新跃迁的新特征、新挑战、新课题,以期为我国信息系统学界提供前沿探索和研究创新的启发。     

网络范式下的管理学研究及前沿热点

作为20世纪70年代以来的管理学研究前沿领域之一,社会网络以新的研究视角解释管理学问题。本文从社会网络的研究视角出发,探讨管理学研究中的网络范式。具体围绕网络范式的兴起,"关系"定量化,社会网络研究视角和在管理学研究的应用,以及网络范式下管理学研究前沿几个方面展开,试图展示网络范式下管理学研究概况,并就社会网络在该领域应用的未来发展方向进行探讨。     

港口管理与运营: 新兴研究热点及其进展

中国已经成为世界最大的集装箱集疏地.随着建设"新丝绸之路经济带"和"21世纪海上丝绸之路"(简称"一带一路")国家战略的提出,中国港口迎来了新的发展机遇.港口管理和运营涉及单一港口维度一个或者多个资源的运作优化问题,港口群维度港口之间的协作行为和机制问题,海运供应链维度港口与主要利益相关者之间的协作行为和机制问题等.文章介绍了中国港口在国际海运物流中的重要地位以及全面梳理了近年来港口管理与运营相关问题的研究进展;基于国内外学者已取得的最新研究成果,结合中国本土实践情境,文章指出当今的研究空白,从新的研究视角出发详细介绍了潜在的研究热点问题,分析了相关领域研究的必要性和迫切性.     

女性领导力发展现状、影响因素与展望

随着社会经济的不断发展,女性受教育程度和社会地位持续提高,但女性领导人数及占比仍然较低、女性领导力发展仍面临诸多障碍。通过文献梳理,发现女性领导力发展研究关注点经历了从个体差异因素视角到组织内因素视角再到多元化影响因素视角的转变,研究范式则实现了从男女平权的“同质化范式”向多元交互的“交错性范式”转变。当前,影响女性领导力发展与晋升的因素及障碍主要涉及生物学差异及体力限制、家庭责任与职业发展矛盾、性别偏见与刻板印象、约束性规范障碍、个人意愿及心理因素五个方面。女性领导在组织管理中具有降低沟通成本、调动成员积极性、增强决策审慎性和注重组织决策社会效益的优势。新发展格局下,知识权利变革、产业变革和融合、企业组织变革、国家治理体系和治理能力现代化建设分别为女性领导力发展提供了新方向、新途径、新机遇和新动能。     

管理决策情境下大数据驱动的研究和应用挑战——范式转变与研究方向

在数字化生活背景下,传统的管理变成或正在变成数据的管理,传统的决策变成或正在变成基于数据分析的决策.从大数据的数据特征、问题特征和管理决策特征出发,讨论管理决策研究和应用的范式转变.大数据驱动范式可以从外部嵌入、技术增强和使能创新三个角度来审视,并体现出"数据驱动+模型驱动"的"关联+因果"含义.此外,围绕大数据特征和重要研究方向,阐述了全景式PAGE框架及其要素.     

管理决策情境下大数据驱动的研究和应用挑战——范式转变与研究方向北大核心CSCDCSSCI

在数字化生活背景下,传统的管理变成或正在变成数据的管理,传统的决策变成或正在变成基于数据分析的决策.从大数据的数据特征、问题特征和管理决策特征出发,讨论管理决策研究和应用的范式转变.大数据驱动范式可以从外部嵌入、技术增强和使能创新三个角度来审视,并体现出"数据驱动+模型驱动"的"关联+因果"含义.此外,围绕大数据特征和重要研究方向,阐述了全景式PAGE框架及其要素.     

局内管理决策问题及其竞争策略

基于优化领域的热点研究方向之一的局内问题与竞争策略理论,将相关概念引入管理决策,提出了局内管理决策及其竞争策略的概念,说明了处理局内管理决策问题的竞争策略和传统方法的区别以及后者的缺陷.构建了利用局内问题及其竞争策略研究局内管理决策问题的理论框架,并介绍了一个具体研究实例.     

社会化运作管理:一个正在兴起的研究领域

在信息化、智能化程度日益发达的社会环境中, 参与者之间的信息交互与社会行为开始显著影响整个运作管理系统.而随着与运作管理息息相关的社会经济活动的日益革新, 社会互动行为和社会因素的影响正在得到广泛的关注, 逐渐形成了一个新兴研究领域——社会化运作管理.社会化运作管理是指考虑人的社会性特征及社会影响因素的运作管理.本文从社会互动、社会价值观多元化及新经济形态的发展三个方面分析了运作管理中社会化现象产生的原因及影响, 阐明了研究和发展社会化运作管理的必要性和迫切性, 继而剖析了社会化运作管理的实现途径.在此基础上, 本文从社会学习、社会比较及社会影响等方面对社会化运作管理的理论研究进行了评述, 同时从社会化商务和共享经济角度对应用研究进行了分析, 并结合最新研究成果提出未来可行的研究方向.     

网络环境下服务科学与创新管理研究展望

基于网络环境的服务发展与创新已成为经济发展的新引擎。本文在分析网络环境下服务特征基础上，探讨了其对服务科学与创新管理研究的影响。结合我国社会经济发展对现代服务快速增长的需求，本文提炼了服务科学研究的三类基本科学问题，包括服务价值的内涵与度量，服务资源的要素及其价值生成，和服务关系的界定与形成问题；提出了服务与创新管理的四个重要研究领域，即：服务生态系统的形成与演化，服务资源要素的组织与协调，服务的关联与融合和社会服务运作管理问题。在四个重要研究领域的进一步分析中，论文以一个异质数据服务资源的组织与融合为例，描述了服务资源组织与协调的一个具体问题，说明了已有研究方法解决该问题的困难，和未来该问题研究需要关注的重点；另以平台服务中基于价值和关系的服务定价问题为例，说明服务关联与融合研究的挑战及其未来研究的努力方向。     

Operations management – from Taylor to Toyota – and Beyond?

This paper sets out to review past and current research in operations management, and to explore current and future issues facing the area. It reviews the history of the area, and the patterns of research content and type. It reviews the evolution of lean production connecting the work of Taylor to its development at Toyota, and uses this to propose three key elements of operations management in the 1990s, namely, the core, interfaces and convergence. Current issues relating to research in operations management are explored and it is argued that there is a need for aggressive research agendas. Finally, possible future agendas for the area are explored.     

Researchers' Perspectives on Supply Chain Risk Management

Supply chain risk management (SCRM) is a nascent area emerging from a growing appreciation for supply chain risk by practitioners and by researchers. However, there is diverse perception of research in supply chain risk because these researchers have approached this area from different domains. This paper presents our study of this diversity from the perspectives of operations and supply chain management scholars: First, we reviewed the researchers' output, i.e., the recent research literature. Next, we surveyed two focus groups (members of Supply Chain Thought Leaders and International SCRM groups) with open‐ended questions. Finally, we surveyed operations and supply chain management researchers during the 2009 INFORMS meeting in San Diego. Our findings characterize the diversity in terms of three “gaps”: a definition gap in how researchers define SCRM, a process gap in terms of inadequate coverage of response to risk incidents, and a methodology gap in terms of inadequate use of empirical methods. We also list ways to close these gaps as suggested by the researchers.     

An Examination of How Supervisors Influence Their Subordinates to Engage in Environmental Behaviors

Employee engagement in environmental behaviors is an important topic in operations management. Drawing upon stakeholder, commitment, and organizational support theories, this study creates and tests an empirical model of how store managers (i.e., supervisors) influence their direct reports (i.e., subordinates) to become engaged in environmental behaviors. Based on a dataset derived from supervisors and their subordinates who are employed at the same grocery store location across a large retail grocery chain, we test our study's nomological model and find support for the linkages proposed. Key research and managerial implications are discussed.     

Learning from the Piper Alpha Accident: A Postmortem Analysis of Technical and Organizational Factors

The accident that occurred on board the offshore platform Piper Alpha in July 1988 killed 167 people and cost billions of dollars in property damage. It was caused by a massive fire, which was not the result of an unpredictable "act of God" but of an accumulation of errors and questionable decisions. Most of them were rooted in the organization, its structure, procedures, and culture. This paper analyzes the accident scenario using the risk analysis framework, determines which human decision and actions influenced the occurrence of the basic events, and then identifies the organizational roots of these decisions and actions. These organizational factors are generalizable to other industries and engineering systems. They include flaws in the design guidelines and design practices (e.g., tight physical couplings or insufficient redundancies), misguided priorities in the management of the tradeoff between productivity and safety, mistakes in the management of the personnel on board, and errors of judgment in the process by which financial pressures are applied on the production sector (i.e., the oil companies' definition of profit centers) resulting in deficiencies in inspection and maintenance operations. This analytical approach allows identification of risk management measures that go beyond the purely technical (e.g., add redundancies to a safety system) and also include improvements of management practices.     

Socially Responsible Practices: An Exploratory Study on Scale Development using Stakeholder Theory

Socially responsible practices of firms have evolved into an important area of research in operations management; however, it remains challenging to identify specific scales that capture multiple dimensions of such social practices. In this exploratory study, we use stakeholder theory to develop new multi‐item measurement scales linked to multiple groups (i.e., internal, supplier, customer, and community stakeholders). Furthermore, we empirically test a higher order multidimensional construct that collectively assesses the socially responsible practices of a firm. Using these stakeholder‐derived constructs as taxons in a cluster analysis, we identify important patterns in the way that multiple groups of stakeholders are engaged. Finally, we demonstrate that the set of social practices are complementary and concentrating on one group can yield spillover effects to other specific stakeholder groups.     

Outsourcing to a Powerful Contract Manufacturer: The Effect of Learning‐by‐Doing

The contract manufacturing industry has grown rapidly in recent years as firms have increasingly outsourced production to reduce costs. This growth has created powerful contract manufacturers (CMs) in several industries. Achieving a competitive cost position is often a primary motive for outsourcing. Outsourcing influences both the original equipment manufacturer's (OEM) and the CM's production levels, and, therefore, through learning‐by‐doing renders future costs dependent on past outsourcing decisions. As such, outsourcing should not be viewed as a static decision that, once made, is not revisited. We address these considerations by analyzing a two‐period game between an OEM and a powerful CM wherein both firms can reduce their production costs through learning‐by‐doing. We find that partial outsourcing, wherein the OEM simultaneously outsources and produces in‐house, can be an optimal strategy. Also, we find that the OEM's outsourcing strategy may be dynamic—i.e., change from period to period. In addition, we find both that the OEM may engage in production for leverage (i.e., produce internally when at a cost disadvantage) and that the CM may engage in low balling. These and other findings in this paper demonstrate the importance of considering learning, the power of the CM, and future periods when making outsourcing decisions.     

Following the Thread: Industry Cluster Theory,the New England Cotton Textiles Industry,and Implications for Future Supply Chain Research

The purpose of this paper is to introduce supply chain management researchers to industry cluster theory within the context of supply chain management decisions. Industry cluster theory emphasizes the explicit and implicit benefits that accrue to various economic players due to geographic proximity. As such, it provides a contrasting view to the current pressure on supply chains to seek out the “best” partners, regardless of location. We review the theory behind industry clusters, and illustrate it using the example of the New England cotton textile industry. Incorporating these concepts into future research has the potential to improve our understanding of how decisions regarding supply chain location and sourcing decisions are currently made, and what role location‐based benefits should play in these decisions.     

Shareholders' Wealth‐Maximizing Operating Decisions and Risk Management Practices in a Mixed Contracts Economy

This paper establishes a critically important positive role for operations management practices and financial hedging. We show that operations management decisions and financial hedging are intertwined, and we advance a framework that can identify their combined effects on investors' wealth. We show that: (a) firms (publicly traded corporations) will optimally hold adequate riskless working capital (e.g., cash) to minimize the cost of obtaining non‐financial inputs, and the magnitude of this cash holding depends on operating details, and (b) operations management and financial hedging can lower firms' cash requirements, and boost productivity, defined as the wealth created in the firm per dollar of invested capital. Productivity‐enhancing practices—by “freeing up” some of the firm's cash—can maximize the investors' wealth. We show that these results obtain because firms' contracts with many of the providers of non‐financial inputs are not traded, and because investors can invest not just in public corporations but also in businesses “outside the markets” (e.g., proprietorships, partnerships, and private equity).