IPO前后的企业产品差异化动态策略——引入股价信息学习的模型与实证

本文构建包含股价信息学习机制的产品差异化决策模型,探讨企业开展产品差异化的微观决策机制以及IPO前后企业策略变化的动态特征。理论研究表明:产品差异化策略仅是企业在IPO后的一种短期策略,企业差异化策略的效果在上市后将逐年弱化;企业可以从同业竞争企业的股票价格获取行业差异化信息,这会影响企业自身的差异化策略执行强度。本文以2005年至2015年间IPO的996家A股上市企业为样本,基于对产品差异程度的测算与产品同质企业的匹配进行实证检验,实证结果支持上述模型结论。本文是结合产品差异化对已有产品市场竞争机制的拓展,研究结论对构建国内证券市场与产品竞争市场间内在关联,发挥股票价格对企业决策的参考价值也具有一定的启示。     

IPO公司产品市场竞争效应——基于中国制造业上市公司的实证研究

本文将企业的IPO融资决策与产品市场竞争结合起来,研究IPO对企业产品市场竞争的影响,实证分析IPO公司产品市场竞争效应及其影响因素,研究结果表明IPO对公司产品市场竞争具有正向促进作用。     

基于Hotelling模型的上市公司信息披露在竞争中的溢出效应研究

本文利用Hotelling线性市场模型研究了上市公司信息披露对于市场竞争的影响。研究表明上市公司和竞争企业的定价策略与上市公司披露的信息质量密切相关：当披露高质量信息时,博弈双方的最优决策均为降低价格：当披露的是低质量信息时．博弈双方的最优决策均为提高价格。在市场分额方面．当上市公司披露高质量信息时,其市场份额会下降;而披露低质量信息时．其市场分额上升。披露高质量信息并不利于上市公司的竞争能力。同时．实证也表明在价格竞争条件下．信息披露质量与市场份额存在显著的负相关关系。     

产品市场竞争影响企业慈善捐赠的实证研究

基于企业慈善捐赠的动机视角,利用我国沪深两市的676家上市公司作为研究样本,检验产品市场竞争是否对企业慈善捐赠产生影响,研究结果表明:与处于正常竞争程度行业企业相比,处于强竞争行业的企业和处于弱竞争行业的企业都趋向捐赠更少,产品市场竞争程度与企业捐赠之间呈"∩"型关系。检验了规模、盈利能力、负债水平、直接接触消费者、所有制等因素对企业捐赠的影响,研究结果进一步支持企业慈善捐赠的经济动机观点。     

基于连续时间动态博弈的供应链声誉及其微分对策研究

着眼于企业及其供应链的可持续发展,纳入时间因素分析供应链协调问题.基于供应链视角考虑顾客价值开拓,并将其本质抽象为“供应链声誉”的构建过程.针对这一供应链动态协调问题,基于供应链成员企业之间的长期合作关系,在连续时间背景下采用变分法建立了供应链各方关于供应链声誉的微分对策模型,通过求解该模型发现在拟约束方程组有解时Nash均衡存在,并求出了相应的最优微分对策.这些理论研究结论阐明了长期的、稳定的合作关系对于实现供应链协调的意义,对于实践中供应链动态协调的实现具有一定的启发与参考价值.论文最后对相关结论进行了数值分析.     

产品市场竞争优势、资本结构与商业信用支持——基于中国上市公司的实证研究

以2005年-2013年中国上市公司为样本,探讨产品市场竞争优势的含义及度量方法,产品市场竞争优势对企业资本结构与商业信用支持的影响,以及宏观、行业和微观因素如何发挥调节作用.研究发现:第一,产品市场竞争优势有助于降低企业的负债水平,并刺激企业对上下游企业提供更多的商业信用支持;第二,在经济越发达的地区、竞争强度越弱的行业,以及民营控股上市公司中,产品市场竞争优势会进一步降低企业的负债水平,同时加强其对上下游企业的商业信用支持.研究结论为从理论上更加全面和准确地理解产品市场竞争优势与企业资本结构和商业信用支持的关系提供了新的科学依据.     

公司信息的纵向与横向溢出效应:公司品牌与产品品牌组合视角

很多企业已横跨多种产品业务,不同产品业务存在地位差异,公司层信息对不同地位产品评价是否存在差异化影响,不同地位产品之间信息如何流动,这是现有文献的研究断层.本文通过两个实验,检验了公司信息的纵向(公司层→产品层)和横向(产品→产品)溢出效应.研究发现,在纵向溢出中存在非对称效应,旗舰产品评价受社会责任信息的影响效应更大;非旗舰产品评价受公司能力信息的影响效应更大.在横向溢出中,存在旗舰产品对非旗舰产品评价的影响,但不存在非旗舰产品对旗舰产品的影响.本文的理论创新点在于,将产品区分为旗舰和非旗舰产品,从而得出公司层信息对不同产品的非对称溢出效应以及旗舰产品到非旗舰产品的非对称溢出效应.     

离岸与在岸人民币汇率:联动机制和溢出效应——基于VAR-GARCH-BEKK模型的分析

随着人民币国际化进程的推进,人民币离岸市场规模不断扩大,研究离岸与在岸市场汇率的联动机制与相互影响,对于探讨人民币定价权和人民币国际化进程中的风险管理具有重要意义.通过建立VAR-GARCH(1,1)-BEKK模型,在控制美元汇率、全球投资者恐慌情绪、宏观经济走势等变量后,分析了在岸与离岸人民币即期汇率、远期汇率之间的冲击传导效应、均值溢出效应和波动溢出效应,深入探讨了两个市场的联动性.结果表明:1)两个市场存在明显的均值溢出和波动溢出效应,在岸市场对离岸市场的冲击更大,而离岸市场的远期汇率引导着在岸远期汇率的形成; 2)“8. 11汇改”后离岸市场对在岸市场的影响增强,两个市场的联动性更加明显; 3)美元走势对在岸和离岸人民币汇率影响都非常显著,但即使控制美元走势后两个市场之间的汇率联动关系仍然存在.     

R&D internationalization,product diversification and international performance for emerging market enterprises: An empirical study on Chinese enterprises

One motivation behind R&D internationalization for emerging market multinationals (EM MNEs) is to expand international markets. This paper analyzes whether the R&D internationalization of EM MNEs contributes to an improvement in international performance measured by foreign sales as a percentage of total sales (FSTS). Using panel data on China's listed companies, this paper introduces more scientific and normative indicators for measuring R&D internationalization in terms of geographic distribution (breadth) and overseas investment (depth). The results reveal an inverted U-shape relationship between R&D internationalization and international performance that is initially positive and eventually becomes negative. Product diversification has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between R&D internationalization breadth and international performance.     

The complementarity of internal integration and product modularity: An empirical study of their interaction effect on competitive capabilities

Modular product design and internal integration are commonly adopted by manufacturers to improve operational performance. A number of studies argue that the adoption of product modularity significantly alters organization design, which affects the impact of internal integration on competitive capabilities. This paper thus aims to empirically explore the individual effects as well as interaction effects of product modularity and internal integration on competitive capabilities. The competitive capabilities studied in this paper include product innovativeness, low price, product quality, delivery, flexibility and customer services. After analysing the data from 251 Hong Kong manufacturers through moderated multiple regression analysis, the study found that better internal integration can significantly improve product innovativeness, product quality, delivery, flexibility and customer services, while a high level of product modularity enhances product innovativeness, flexibility and customer services. More importantly, the study shows that internal integration and product modularity can interact to improve product innovativeness and product quality. These results enhance our understanding of the interaction of product design and organizational coordination.     

The influence of national culture and institutional voids on family ownership of large firms: A country level empirical study

There is considerable variation across countries in both the extent to which large publicly listed firms are family-owned and the dominance of such family-owned firms in stock markets. The literature presents competing theoretical viewpoints on what influences such country-level variation. On one hand, institutional economists suggest that institutional voids can have a strong influence. On the other hand, cultural sociologists suggest that a country's culture can have a strong influence. One type of institutional void is a lack of institutional norms and regulations needed for monitoring contracts (which can discourage owners from hiring professional agents for top management positions in their firms) and another type of institutional void is a lack of financial credit availability in the country. Cultural dimensions include collectivism (i.e. cohesion within in-groups/families) and power distance (i.e. inequalities in society). This country-level empirical study suggests that both national culture and institutional voids influence family ownership patterns around the world, and that institutional voids moderate the influence of national culture. National culture has a stronger influence when a country has institutional voids; however, the influence of national culture weakens when institutional voids are overcome.     

透明度与市场效率——基于信息不对称的适应性学习研究

通过拓展Pouget模型,考察了当所有投资者采用适应性学习(有限理性)规则更新信念时,订单信息的透明度增加如何影响市场的价格发现效率和福利配置效率.结果表明,透明度增加后,市场效率大幅降低,价格发现和福利配置都难以收敛到理性预期均衡.进一步剖析投资者的策略选择可以发现,透明度增加后,拥有信息优势的知情者倾向于提交对自己更加有利的订单,而放弃均衡的交易策略;非知情者为了规避由此带来的逆向选择风险,也会放弃均衡策略而倾向于提交更加保守的订单,最终导致市场效率大幅下降.     

The front end in non-assembled product development: A multiple case study of mineral- and metal firms

We conceptualize the front end in non-assembled product development to be iterative and experiment-based, consisting of three sub-phases: informal start-up, formal idea-study, and formal pre-study. Although some key activities are shared with the front end activities in assembled product development, literature reviews, anticipating requirements of customers’ production processes, analysis of raw materials, anticipation of scale-up problems, and tests in bench-, pilot plant-, and full scale production represent unique activities. In addition, product concepts were frequently developed in parallel, requiring specification of physical, chemical and structural properties. These findings have implications for increasing the success and quality of front end efforts.     

CEO开放性特征、战略惯性和组织绩效①--基于中国上市公司的实证分析

从理论与实证角度分析了CEO开放性特征对战略惯性及组织绩效的作用机制,得到以下研究结论：第一,CEO开放性程度越高,组织越倾向于采取适应环境的动态资源配置战略,从而组织的战略惯性程度越低;第二,CEO的股权拥有程度和自主权高低程度对其开放性程度与组织惯性之间关系起到显著调节作用,即CEO持股水平越高则开放性CEO维持组织战略现状的动机越强,而 CEO所拥有的管理自主权越高则越倾向于去打破组织的战略现状;第三,组织制度环境对CEO开放性程度与战略惯性之间关系同样起到显著的调节作用,在国企任职的CEO相对于家族企业任职的CEO而言,其开放性程度对组织惯性的负向影响程度更小;第四,相比于线性关系,倒U型假设更有助于解释战略惯性与组织绩效之间的关系。     

The effect of new product development acceleration approaches on development speed: A case study

This study investigates the impact of nine new product development (NPD) acceleration approaches on development speed. Our findings from 233 manufacturing firms show that 5 approaches (supplier involvement, lead user involvement, speeding up activities and tasks, training and rewarding of employees, and simplification of organizational structure) increase development speed, whereas 2 approaches (implementing support systems and techniques and stimulating inter-functional coordination) decrease development speed. Two approaches (i.e., reduction of parts and components and emphasizing the customer) have no effect on development speed. Our results further show that firms developing different types of new products should use different NPD acceleration approaches, as the speed impact of six out of nine approaches is dependent upon the degree of product innovativeness.