供应链合作伙伴之间的双向选择

供应链管理是企业管理的趋势,不可逆转。其中,供应链合作伙伴的选择和联盟关系的建立,是供应链管理的核心和关键。本文采用了供应商-制造商模型,在前人关于供应商选择方法研究的基础上,利用层次分析法(AHP)和线性规划(LP)建立了制造商关于供应商的选择模型;同时,利用激励约束说明了供应商对于制造商的选择问题。     

基于可靠性分析的供应链的最优等待策略

本文对包含一个供应商和一个生产商的供应链提出了一个最优的等待策略。如果供应商不能提供足够的原材料或交货不及时,都会对生产商造成一定的损失。在这样的条件下,生产商可以采取两个措施:一个是等待供应商恢复到正常状态,另一个是重新寻找一个新的供应商。采取任何策略,生产商都会有成本。本文考虑的一个可供选择的方案是:若等待的时间短就等待,否则就重新选择一个供应商;若供应商在规定的时间内没有恢复到正常状态,则不再等待,并选择一个新的供应商。利用随机过程和可靠性理论的相关知识来寻找能使期望成本率最小的等待策略。最后,通过一个算例来说明该方案的实用性。     

基于BP神经网络的供应商评价选择问题的研究

随着经济全球化,市场上的供应链已经形成,供应链环境趋于完善.越来越多的企业开始重视供应商,考虑构建一个供应商评价系统来实现供应商的选择并加强与供应商的交流合作.但是目前缺乏有效的能够应用于开发系统的供应商评价方案,难以满足实际的需求.供应商评价模型设计是开发供应商评价系统的基础.通过对供应链环境下的供应商评价和BP神经网络的研究,以汽车制造行业为例构建了供应商评价模型以方便供应商评价系统的实现.     

并联系统资源和目标配置双准则DEA模型

针对决策单元内部资源和目标配置问题,以并联生产系统为研究对象,研究数据包络分析方法在组织的资源分配与目标设定方面的应用.首先考虑决策单元内部评价的特点:(1)固定投入和固定产出;(2)子单元评价的权重选择之间的关系;(3)内部评价权重选择与决策单元整体评价的关系.在此基础上,提出基于效率与公平的决策单元内部资源和目标配置双准则DEA模型,最后用算例演示其使用,以说明模型的合理性.     

基于行业偏好的港口物流供应商多维度选择方法

港口物流供应商选择是制造企业全球供应链管理的关键环节,决策者的感知不确定性会影响供应商决策绩效。结合结构方程模型(SEM)和数据包络分析(DEA)的特点,提出了一种基于行业偏好的港口物流供应商多维度选择方法——SEM/DEA法。这种方法以大量的行业样本数据为基础,根据行业偏好来确定不同指标维度的权重,可以减小单个决策者感知误差对选择结果的负面影响,提高港口物流供应商选择决策的理性程度。     

社区应急管理能力评价模型设计及应用研究

充分利用管理定量分析方法中的层次分析法(AHP)、专家咨询法(DELPHI)以及模糊综合评价法,构建了一个全新的社区应急管理能力评价模型,为社区应急管理能力评价创建了一个全新的定量化评价方法和标准。此外,把该评价模型在试点社区进行应用,在实践中不断总结和反思该模型的实用性和准确性,从而完善了该评价模型的理论和实践价值。     

基于理想点法的供应链管理研究

本文从供应链管理问题的现状出发,提出供应商评价选择是供应链管理的关键环节,建立供应商评价选择的指标,运用理想点法对供应商进行选择,并进行实证分析.     

VMI环境下的库存与发货模型研究

供应商管理库存(VMI)是供应链上库存管理的一种新思想,本文分析了三个有代表性的VMI环境下的库存与发货管理模型,这三个模型分别采用了基于时间的整合发货策略、基于数量的整合发货策略,以及基于时间和数量的混合发货策略。本文就每一个模型计算出了最优参数值,并比较了三种策略的利弊,分析了每一种策略的适用环境。     

中国企业ERP实施关键成功因素分析:多案例研究

ERP(企业资源计划系统)是现代企业广为接受的获取竞争优势的选择之一。针对中国企业ERP系统实施成功率低的现状,在Ives、Hamilton和Davis(1980)的信息系统研究模型、DeLone和McLean(1992)的信息系统成功模型的基础上,提出一个ERP系统实施成功模型来说明ERP系统实施的关键成功因素以及成功尺度,并运用定性多案例研究方法进行实证分析,采用Atlas/ti软件来辅助定性数据分析。     

基于遗传算法的有折扣多产品采购多供应商选择问题求解

针对传统供应商选择过程大多只面向单一供应商进行选择的局限性,本文以质量、价格、交货期和交货提前期为评价指标,以最小化综合评价值为目标,纳入供应商供货能力和价格折扣,建立面向多供应商采购多产品条件下供应商选择的数学模型,并提出基于改进遗传算法的模型求解方法。实证分析验证了本文提出的求解方法的有效性。     

中国IT服务外包企业能力研究

基于企业能力理论与价值链分析,建立了适合我国国情的中国IT服务外包企业能力评价模型;通过对北京市近40家IT服务外包企业的实地访谈与问卷调查,分析了中国IT服务外包企业的能力现状及存在问题;结合理论研究与实证分析,提出了提升中国IT服务外包企业能力的对策建议。     

Primary care networks: choose your physicians wisely

As hospitals and health care systems maneuver for a position in the integrated health care delivery system, no initiative is more important than building an effective and competitive primary care network. Yet this critical initiative is fraught with potential pitfalls. In their haste to develop primary care networks, hospitals and health care systems may fail to thoroughly evaluate network participants and in turn create large, inclusive, and inefficient primary care networks that don't come close to breaking even, much less repay practice acquisition costs. In an effort to become more efficient, practitioners often find themselves in the unenviable position of "de-selecting" peers retrospectively. The author presents criteria for evaluating and selecting network physicians.     

Multiproduct,Multicriteria Model for Supplier Selection with Product Life‐Cycle Considerations

In industrial purchasing contexts firms often procure a set of products from the same suppliers to benefit from economies of scale and scope. These products are often at different stages of their respective product life cycles (PLCs). Firms consider multiple criteria in purchasing such products, and the relative importance of these criteria varies depending on the PLC stage of a given product. Therefore, a firm should select suppliers and choose sourcing arrangements such that product requirements across multiple criteria are satisfied over time. The extant models in sourcing literature for evaluating and selecting suppliers for a portfolio of products have not considered this important and practical issue faced by firms. This article proposes a mathematical model that effectively addresses this issue and contributes to the sourcing literature by demonstrating an approach for optimally selecting suppliers and supplier bids given the relative importance of multiple criteria across multiple products over their PLC. The application of the model on a hypothetical data set illustrates the strategic and tactical significance of such considerations.     

Multicriteria Decision Framework for Cybersecurity Risk Assessment and Management

Risk assessors and managers face many difficult challenges related to novel cyber systems. Among these challenges are the constantly changing nature of cyber systems caused by technical advances, their distribution across the physical, information, and sociocognitive domains, and the complex network structures often including thousands of nodes. Here, we review probabilistic and risk-based decision-making techniques applied to cyber systems and conclude that existing approaches typically do not address all components of the risk assessment triplet (threat, vulnerability, consequence) and lack the ability to integrate across multiple domains of cyber systems to provide guidance for enhancing cybersecurity. We present a decision-analysis-based approach that quantifies threat, vulnerability, and consequences through a set of criteria designed to assess the overall utility of cybersecurity management alternatives. The proposed framework bridges the gap between risk assessment and risk management, allowing an analyst to ensure a structured and transparent process of selecting risk management alternatives. The use of this technique is illustrated for a hypothetical, but realistic, case study exemplifying the process of evaluating and ranking five cybersecurity enhancement strategies. The approach presented does not necessarily eliminate biases and subjectivity necessary for selecting countermeasures, but provides justifiable methods for selecting risk management actions consistent with stakeholder and decisionmaker values and technical data.     

A Probabilistic Methodology for the Assessment of Safety from Dropped Loads in Offshore Engineering

Pipeline damage by dropped objects from crane activities is a significant hazard for offshore platform installations. In this paper a probabilistic methodology is utilized for the estimation of the pipeline impact and rupture frequencies; this information is obtained both for the overall pipeline section exposed to the hazard and for a number of critical locations along the pipeline route. The presented algorithm has been implemented in a computer program that allows the analysis of a large number of possible drop points and pipeline target point locations. This methodology may be used in common risk analysis studies for evaluating the risk for platform personnel from dropped objects; however, the proposed technique may also be useful for other applications where engineering judgment has so far been the main driving criterion. In particular, two sample cases have been analyzed. The first one is the problem of selecting the best approaching route to a platform. By analyzing different route alternatives, a reduction of the impact frequency and therefore of the risk for the platform personnel may be achieved. The second application deals with the selection of the location for a safety valve at the riser base. The analysis may give useful information, such as the highest impact frequency location and the rupture frequencies upstream and downstream of the valve as a function of the valve position; this information, together with the transported medium inventory upstream of the valve, may give the designer a documented and justifiable rationale for selecting the best location for the valve from a safety point of view.     

An integrated approach for the electronic contract manufacturer selection problem

In the global competitive environment, lead companies have to outsource their manufacturing to electronic contract manufacturers (ECM) in order to reduce operational cost and capture higher profit. Thus, the process of selecting contract manufacturers to be strategic partners is important for these companies. For this reason, this paper proposes an integrated approach for the electronic contract manufacturer selection problem, combining the voting method and the goal programming (GP) model to take into account quantitative factors involved in the selection process, which is applied to a real-world ECM selection problem encountered by a leading provider of complete broadband access solutions. Results of the case study indicate that the voting method can acquire the rating information quickly from manufacturing managers based on suitable evaluating criteria. The rating information simultaneously incorporates ECMs' performance scores as a weight for each ECM. A production planner can easily employ the GP model and ECMs’ weight information to effectively assign demand quantities to ECMs. Therefore, the integrated approach is a practical and useful tool for solving the contract manufacturer selection problem.     

Exact methods in optimum disassembly sequence search for problems subject to sequence dependent costs

Disassembling complex products is formally approached via network representation and subsequent mathematical modeling, aimed at selecting a good or optimum sequence of disassembly operations. This is done via heuristics, metaheuristics or mathematical programming. In contrast with heuristics and metaheuristics, which select a near-optimum solution, mathematical programming guarantees the selection of the global optimum. This problem is relatively simple if the disassembly costs can be assumed sequence independent. In practice, however, sequence dependent disassembly costs are frequently encountered, which causes NP-completeness of the problem. Although methods, e.g., based on the two-commodity network flow approach, are available to solve this constrained asymmetric Traveling Salesperson problem rigorously, this requires the introduction of integer variables. In this paper, a modification of the two-commodity network flow approach is proposed, which reduces the number of integer variables. This is applied to product structures that can be represented by a disassembly precedence graph. It is demonstrated that use of integer variables is completely avoided by iteratively solving a binary integer linear programming problem. This appears to be more efficient than solving the corresponding integer linear programming problem. It is demonstrated, on the basis of some cases, that this method might provide the exact solution of problems with increased complexity compared to those discussed so far in the literature. This appears particularly useful for evaluating heuristic and metaheuristic approaches.     

How to design a financial planning model.

Corporate planning models frequently consist of integrated pro forma income statements, statements of financial position, and cashflow statements. When implemented by utilizing computer-based planning systems, these models allow managers to explore potential decisions in ‘what if?’ planning analyses.The logic of an integrated financial statement planning model can be arranged following either a ‘funds needed to balance approach’ or a ‘direct approach’. With a funds needed to balance approach total assets are set equal to total liabilities plus equities to satisfy this fundamental accounting identity. Logic in such models is often difficult to validate. In the direct approach, total assets are calculated independently of total liabilities plus equities providing an extremely strong test for model validation prior to using the model to assess ‘what if’ alternatives.In this paper, the author discusses the logic of integrated financial planning models and their implementation with computer-based planning systems. The funds need to balance approach and the direct approach are described and contrasted to assist corporate planners in evaluating and selecting a method for constructing the logic of corporate planning models.     

基金表现评价研究-一个条件双因子评价模型的构建与实证

出色的证券投资基金管理人不但具有股票选择的微观能力,而且还具有市场时机把握的宏观能力。目前关于基金表现评价的模型是仅以股票指数超额收益率为评价基准的单因子模型,而实际上,基金管理人可以在股票、债券以及现金存款之间进行投资选择。基于此,本文构建了条件双因子评价模型,并且以中国全部54只封闭式基金为样本采用面板数据回归技巧验证了该模型的有效性。实证结果是条件双因子评价模型不仅解释能力高而且有效地减少了负向市场时机把握能力的偏差,中国基金不但具有选股能力而且具有现金存款的时机把握能力。     

关系契约治理与外包合作绩效——对日离岸软件外包项目的实证研究

对日离岸软件外包项目具有典型的关系契约特性,现有文献对软件外包中的关系契约治理及对合作绩效的影响还缺乏系统的理论分析和实证研究。信任、交流和相互适应调整作为重要的关系规范,在对日软件外包关系契约治理中具有重要意义。本研究根据访谈和110个项目的数据实证检验了关系规范对离岸软件外包项目绩效的影响。通过结构方程模型方法发现,交流的有效性对于项目质量和供应商成本控制绩效有积极影响,相互适应调整对于成本控制绩效也有积极影响。这个发现有助于构建有效的关系契约治理机制,促进软件外包产业发展。