流动老人社会融合的概念和指标体系研究

文章阐述了流动老人社会融合概念的内涵与外延，并建构该概念的测量指标体系。流动老人兼具老年和流动的双重特征，使得老年社会学和流动人口两种研究视角交织在一条轨道上来理解流动老人社会融合的内涵。流动老人社会融合是指流动老人在流入地通过自我应对，尤其是社会支持等途径，消减遭受社会排斥的风险，建立起与其生活空间的良好互动关系，从而满足各种老年生活基本需要，实现生活质量提高的状态。从流动老人所处生活空间的角度分析，流动老人社会融合包括心理认同、家庭融洽、社区融合、区域适应、制度包融五个维度，每个维度包含若干代表性指标。     

城市流动人口的社会融合:文献述评

通过文献综述,对影响流动人口社会融合的主要因素进行一些理论性的述评,并总结提出4方面的基本结论:第一,移民过程中的每一个环节都受到移民社会资本或社会网络的影响,社会资本影响着流动人口在城市的生活、发展和融合;第二,以户籍制度为依托的流动人口管理制度,以及一系列与户口相关的社会福利制度对流动人口的限制与排斥,对流动人口的社会融合有着根本性的影响;第三,教育、培训,以及工作经历,是流动人口人力资本积累的重要方式,并促进其社会融合;第四,流动人口在劳动力市场的地位和处境,是他们社会融合状况的表现,也影响其社会融合的能力。     

新生代乡-城流动人口社会融合研究——基于上海的调查分析

基于上海市流动人口问卷调查资料,采用因子分析和多元回归分析的方法对新生代乡-城流动人口社会融合的结构维度、现状、影响因素进行了实证分析。研究发现:社会融合结构维度包括经济适应、社会接纳、文化与心理融合;社会融合度较高,但融合质量有待提高;社会融合的主要影响因素是个人特征、经济因素以及制度安排,个人特征是基础性因素,经济因素不再是影响社会融合最重要的因素,但与社会融合呈现复杂的线性关系,制度因素特别是参与社会养老保险最为重要。     

流动人口社会融合影响因素实证分析——基于湖南省流动人口动态监测调查数据

2012年．国家人口计生委组织了第五次“流动人口动态监测调查”,在湖南省抽取的样本分布在长株潭等14个地市,本文以该样本数据为基础,选取流动人口融入意愿、对城市喜爱程度、对城市发展关注度、城市居民接纳态度等四个指标来衡量流动人口社会融合状况：运用OLS计量模型。对流动人口社会融合影响因素进行实证分析。结果表明：经济因素不再是影响流动人口社会融合的主要因素,流动人口年龄、受教育水平、社会公共政策等成为重要影响因素：女性比男性具有更高社会融合度;受教育水平越高、积极参加社区活动和城镇职工医疗保险的流动人口具有更高社会融合度。     

基于分层线性模型的流动人口社会融合影响因素研究

根据2012年全国流动人口动态监测结果和反映31个省市基本公共服务均等化的指标数据,建立分层线性模型从流动人口个体和省级层面考察影响流动人口社会融合的影响因素和作用程度的大小。研究发现,流动人口的社会融合不仅与个人因素有关,而且还受地区基本公共服务差异化的影响。个体层面从户口性质、就业状况、医疗保险、自我融入意愿、本地人接受程度、收入情况与住房条件解释流动人口社会融合差异的63?12％;省级层面从基础教育、医疗卫生、公共就业及基本社会保障解释流动人口社会融合的差异为36?83％。最后从政府、公民社会参与角度出发,提出促进流动人口社会融合的措施和建议。     

西宁市流动人口的调查与城市社会融合问题研究

改革开放特别是实施西部大开发战略以来,西宁市流动人口迅速增加,这一方面加速了城市经济社会的发展,另一方面也对城市社会融合带来了诸多问题,妥善解决城市流动人口社会融合问题是当前城市社会管理中一项迫切任务,为此必须从转变政府职能,强化服务意识等方面入手,加速流动人口的社会融合,进而构建和谐西宁。     

城市适应对流动人口主观幸福感的影响分析——以黑龙江省为例

本文采用序次逻辑回归(Ordinal Logistic Regression)的研究方法,以2012年上半年国家卫计委流动人口动态监测调查数据(黑龙江省数据库)为依据,考察了流动人口的城市适应对主观幸福感的影响。研究将城市适应解构为经济适应、社会适应、心理适应和总体留居决策四个维度,在控制相关变量的基础上,讨论流动人口总体、城-城流动人口、乡-城流动人口城市适应各维度对主观幸福感的作用。研究表明,稳定且体面的职业、一定的收入是其体验主观幸福感的基础;积极的生活方式、以老乡为主的社会网络、居住证和医疗保障资格的获得、对城市的喜爱、融入感知和留居意愿等对主观幸福感有促进作用;工作强度、对歧视的感知等有制约作用。城-城、乡-城流动人口的城市适应对主观幸福感的作用机制存在差异。     

从隔离到融合——流动人口居住状况研究的现状及发展

流动人口进入城市所面临的首要问题就是居住问题。本文试图厘清近年来有关流动人口居住问题的研究脉络,从制度设置、居住区位、以及与城市的融入和城市管理等研究视角分别进行了梳理,在此基础上,提出新的研究方向和思路,认为对流动人口的住房研究出现了从与城市隔离到与城市融入的特征。今后的研究中应把住房政策视为一种福利政策来为流动人口提供居住的基本保障。     

城市户籍制度改革与流动人口社会融合

户籍制度是城乡二元结构的基础性制度,是阻碍流动人口实现社会融合的主要制度性障碍。本文分析了户籍制度对流动人口公共服务和社会福利所造成的歧视性排斥．回顾了改革开放以来城市户籍制度的改革与探索,并对推动城市户籍改革、促进流动人口社会融合提出四个基本的思路,包括：第一,使户籍制度逐步与相关福利制度脱钩;第二,对外来人口社会福利和公共服务实行渐进性的增量改革;第三,扩大从外来移民到本地户籍人口的制度通道;第四,推动城市户籍改革和区域户籍改革的联动。     

城市流动人口社会融合的过程、测量及影响因素

本文提出流动人口的社会融合是一个逐步同化和减少排斥的过程,是流动人口对城市的主观期望和城市的客观接纳相统一的过程,是本地人口和外来移民发生相互交往和构建相互关系的过程。本文通过模型分析,验证了流动人口社会融合影响因素的三个假设,即流动人口的个人和家庭状况影响社会融合;流动人口的社区参与和社会资本影响社会融合;城市的制度安排影响流动人口的社会融合。     

The social assimilation of immigrants

Although there is some considerable empirical research on the economic assimilation of migrants to the labor markets of the host countries, little or no analysis exists on the social assimilation and integration of migrant workers. This is surprising since the integration of migrants is not only of political importance, but it should strongly interact with their economic behavior. This paper provides an empirical analysis of the determinants of migrants‘ integration, using data for Germany. Ordered probit models are estimated, where the dependent variable is an ordered response on the feeling of national identity. The results show that personal characteristics, the nationality and the family context affect the migrant‘s integration, while labor market variables appear to be quite unimportant. Received December 9, 1994 / Accepted July 14, 1995     

中国人口迁移与生育率关系研究

本文利用2000年人口普查数据,考察了中国人口迁移与生育率的关系。通过比较农村本地人口、城市本地人口和流动迁移人口三个人口群体在生育率上的差异,并进行多元统计分析,结果表明,流动迁移对生育率有着非常显著影响,城市外来人口的生育率不仅显著低于农村本地人口,而且也低于城市本地人口;远期流迁人口的生育率要低于近期流迁人口的生育率。中国人口迁移与生育率的关系出现了与已有的迁移生育率理论的不一致。1990年代中国的迁移生育率发生了转变。     

中国农民工的社会网络与性别偏好——基于深圳调查的研究

文章利用西安交通大学人口与发展研究所2005年中国深圳市农民工调查数据,基于社会网络理论定量研究了农民工的性别偏好现状及其影响因素。研究发现流动后农民工的生育观念与行为仍具有明显的男孩偏好特征;社会网络因素、流动因素和个体因素在一定程度上对农民工的男孩偏好观念与行为产生了影响。本文的研究结果对于理解中国城镇人口出生性别比偏高的现象和原因有重要作用。     

Cross-National Indices with Gender-Differentiated Data: What Do They Measure? How Valid Are They?

The two cross-national indices with gender-differentiated data introduced by the UNDP in 1995, as well as several other such indices developed subsequently, are an important resource for researchers and policy makers interested in gender disparities. Yet questions remain regarding how these indices should be interpreted and how valid they are. Relying on a framework that synthesizes key guidelines concerning the methodology of measurement, this article offers an assessment of indices currently used to study gender disparities on a global scale and sheds light on these unresolved questions. We answer two questions—what do these indices with gender-differentiated data actually measure? and, how valid are these indices?—and discuss the implications of our assessment for users and producers of gender indices.     

中国城市外籍移民管理研究

近些年来,随着中国经济实力增强、移民者强烈的改变生活条件与生存环境的内在愿望以及其他原因,导致中国人口跨界转移改变了以往单向流动的格局,许多外籍移民涌入中国城市。虽然外籍移民的出现,会给中国城市带来一定的活力,但是由于这是一个新现象,因此,中国城市管理当局在管理外籍移民时存在着主观上认识不到位和管理制度不健全等方面的不足。为了解决这些不足,除了完善相关法律法规外,还应提高管理人员的综合素质,并采取趋同管理办法。     

Selectivity Of Migrants To A Metropolis In A Developing Country: A Mexican Case Study

A proper evaluation of native-migrant differences requires information on migrant selectivity. Are migrants positively or negatively selective or are they representative of the populations from which they originate? This question was posed for a sample of male migrants to Monterrey, Mexico, a rapidly growing metropolis in a developing country. A comparison was made between the characteristics of migrants and census information for the origin populations for 1940 and 1960. Overall, in terms of education and occupational position, migrants are positively selective. However, using three time-of-arrival cohorts, it is shown that migrants have become less selective over time. There has been a shift from a “pioneer” to a “mass” pattern of migration, with the latter group more closely approximating the characteristics of the origin population. Besides having lower educational and skill levels, the “mass” migrants are more likely to be made up of married men and their families. To the extent that the Monterrey pattern will be encountered in other large and fast-growing urban areas in Latin America, it suggests that the assimilation of migrants in these places will become more rather than less difficult.     

劳动力流动对城镇失业的影响研究

文章探讨了家庭决策下农村劳动力流动对城镇失业的影响,认为劳动力回流会降低流入者的现存失业率进而拉低城镇总体失业率。基于2005年全国1%人口抽样调查数据,作者对城镇失业与其相关因素进行了回归分析。结果发现,就失业概率而言,农村流入人口远低于城镇居民;镇居民低于市居民;女性高于男性;年轻组远高于其他年龄组;受过高等教育的人口总体最低,但高校新近毕业生却较高。另外,区域发展模式影响其失业模式。失业水平在东北、武汉、重庆老工业基地出现了本地居民、农民工和总体均高的三高模式,在京、津、沪和珠三角地区出现了本地居民高、农民工低和总体居中的高低中模式,仅在国有、私营、和三资企业平衡发展的华东沿海地区出现了本地居民低、农民工低和总体低的三低模式。     

Migration and Health Selectivity in the Context of Internal Migration in China, 1997–2009

Using data from the 1997?C2009 waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey, we examine the ??healthy migrant hypothesis?? in a setting where internal migrants face significant barriers to movement. Going beyond much of the existing literature in the Chinese context, we use an appropriate comparison between migrants and non-migrants at origin, using detailed health measures, and data spanning a wider geographic and temporal extent than had been previously considered. Consistent with research from both international migration contexts and other internal migration settings, we find that migrants are positively selected on the basis of health, although the relationship between health and migration diminishes across time. The strongest evidence for health selection comes from a subjective self-reported health measure, although we also find evidence for selection against those experiencing acute health conditions. We speculate that the across-time differentiation may be caused by the rapid social, economic and policy changes in China??s economic reform era. Thus, we suggest that migration scholars should consider the changing macro context when theorizing about selection factors.     

Differential life-styles between migrants and nonmigrants: A case study of the city of Shiraz,Iran

The migration pattern to Shiraz, a southern city of Iran, is not consistent with the general pattern observed in cities of the other developing nations. Migrants to Shiraz are largely from other cities, and they are more advanced educationally and socioeconomically and less traditional than native Shirazi. This study is based on 1,061 interview cases collected at random. The sample consists of 612 nonmigrants, 125 rural migrants and 324 urban migrants. These groups were compared on thirtyfour indices measuring various facets of the respondents' life-styles. The three groups differed statistically on most of the indices. Fatalism and possession of modern appliances were the most important factors differentiating the three groups.