公职人员赌博中的腐败行为分析

公职人员赌博被人称为“桌面上的腐败”。文章全面分析了公职人员赌博中的种种腐败行为,剖析其成因,阐述其危害,最后从多个角度提出遏制公职人员赌博中腐败行为的有效措施。     

近代北京警察生活之管窥

清末新政时期,近代警察制度作为一项重要内容从西方引入我国。伴随着警政建设的发展,近代警察职业群体出现于市民社会中,他们在城市近代化进程中扮演了重要的社会角色,他们的生活状态也是近代城市社会生活的一个组成部分。通过对近代北京警察生活的探析,我们可以隐约看到全国警察群体生活的大致概况,也由此可以反映出中国近代城市社会生活的一个缩影。     

The impact of democracy and press freedom on corruption: Conditionality matters

This paper empirically analyzes the joint impact of democracy and press freedom on corruption. Based in the theoretical literature, we argue that both institutional features are complements rather than substitutes in controlling corruption. Our regressions are based on a cross section of 170 countries covering the period from 2005 to 2010 as well as on panel evidence for 175 countries from 1996 to 2010. The results show that democratic elections only work in controlling corruption, if there is a certain degree of press freedom in a country, vice versa. Our policy implication is that democratic reforms are more effective, if they are accompanied by institutional reforms strengthening the monitoring of politicians.     

腐败经历与腐败感知:基于调查实验与直接提问的双重检验

本文采用“列举实验法”来解决测量腐败经历时的社会意愿偏差问题,提出两个核心发现：与没有腐败经历的个体相比,有过腐败经历的个体会更倾向于认为政府是腐败的,同时认为政府的反腐败能力更弱,对政府的反腐败满意度也更低;腐败经历对腐败感知的影响在不同层级的政府中有差异,与中央政府相比,腐败经历对地方政府的腐败感知和反腐败评价影响更强烈。民众可以绕过间接因素直接获得对腐败的认知,因此,要改善民众对政府腐败和反腐败的主观态度,提升获得感,仅仅靠舆论和宣传是不够的,只有切实解决与老百姓生活密切的腐败问题,才能真正赢得反腐败的胜利。     

Public corruption: A study across regions in Italy

This work explores the determinants of public corruption using a regional panel dataset on crimes perpetrated in Italy by public officials against the public administration in combination with a set of demographic and socio-economic variables. The results suggest that both the size and the composition of public spending at the local level explain corruption. We also find that regions where social capital is higher are more likely to face a lower incidence of corruption crimes. Moreover, regions which have historically placed less importance on rooting out corruption may be stuck in a vicious circle of higher levels of corruption.     

Corrupt thy neighbor? New evidence of corruption contagion from bordering nations

The continuing presence of corruption worldwide has policymakers looking for broader trans-national efforts to combat corruption. We examine the effects of a nation’s physical proximity (via land borders and the number of bordering nations) as well as prevailing corruption on cross-border corruption spillovers. Using data on 147 countries from 2012-2018, results show that while border corruption positively affects corruption in a nation, a longer land border, and more neighbors have a mitigating effect on corruption. Nesting the analysis in the literature on the determinants of cross-national corruption, these new findings imply that a nation’s geographic location might play a larger role in transmissions of corruption than previously recognized. This finding has relevance for the design of anti-corruption coordination across nations.     

市场化改革与腐败治理：基于微观案件数据的实证分析

随着市场化改革的深入，中国的腐败现象也呈增长趋势。本文通过对1993—2013年3 843个腐败案件的分析发现，那些具有配置资源权力的官员出现腐败问题的可能性更大，程度也更严重。这一效应在官员的任职领域正处于市场化改革阶段时被放大，但随着改革的完成而大幅度减小。市场化过程中腐败问题的制度性根源在于市场化改革没有完成或不彻底的市场化，而不是市场化本身。因此，只有坚持市场化改革，才能清除权力寻租的土壤，进而遏制腐败问题。     

FDI,democracy and corruption in Sub-Saharan Africa

This paper investigates the relationship between FDI, democracy and corruption among 30 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) over the period of 1985–2014 to determine whether the ‘helping hand’ or ‘grabbing hand’ hypothesis is most applicable. The results of GMM analysis show that corruption is used by FDI investors to overcome the region’s weak democratic regulatory and institutional status and thus the ‘helping hand’ is more prevalent. However, the results further show that as democratic capital accumulates, this association may outlive its usefulness and thus corruption as a ‘helping hand’ in time becomes a ‘grabbing hand’ instead. These results imply that SSA countries should focus on integrating into the international economy so as to take advantage of existing financial enforcement legislation while reconstructing and strengthening domestic constitutional anti-corruption legislation and institutions.     

A contingency theory of corruption: The effect of human development and national culture

Corruption is a world-wide problem that disproportionately affects those with the fewest personal and economic resources. It was hypothesized that human development restricts corruption, and the magnitude of such an effect is contingent upon the conditions of national culture. Measures were gathered for 68 countries that account for 80% of the world's population. Support was found for the main effect of human development on corruption. Consistent with contingency theory, results also indicate that the relation between human development and corruption is moderated by power distance and individualism. Implications for policy making to reduce corruption are discussed.     

惩罚机制对阻断腐败循环的演化博弈分析

腐败循环是一种典型的社会困境问题,其根源在于反腐败组织无法打破腐败利益交易双方在长期博弈中形成的稳定均衡态势。通过演化博弈分析发现,惩罚机制可以起到促进反腐败组织协调高效运作的作用,有助于打破腐败交易双方的长期合作关系,从而为最终阻断腐败循环提供可能性。     

我国农村腐败现象的发生机理及其规避机制探究

正处于社会转型期的我国农村地区,腐败现象极为严重,屡禁不止,并在一定程度上有失控态势。这既是人性自私动机驱使的结果,也存在文化方面的原因,同时制度和法制的漏洞也为基层腐化留下了极大的空间。要有效地整治农村基层腐败,需要建立健全预防和惩处腐败体系,把对人性和社会风气的正确引导与民主制度建设、完善监管体系、加大惩处力度等有机结合起来,多管齐下,从而遏制腐败的滋生蔓延。     

‘Civic’ police and the condition of liberty: the rationality of governance in eighteenth-century England

In this article it is argued that previous attempts to understand the organization of eighteenthcentury systems of police have failed to take into account the political implications of governmental organization. Examining the office of constable in terms of the contemporary governmental imagination reveals that concerns with the independence of the officers and the need to ward against ‘corruption’ are not simply practical requirements. The unpaid, sequential nature of eighteenth-century police service was defined in terms of the classical model of civic duty, which saw active participation in government and the rotation of public office as key conditions of the free state, and as such the liberty of the citizens. This vision of freedom as a condition of freedom from dependence or domination, not an absence of interference, was instrumental in defining the way the system of police was debated and reformed over the course of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Given that ‘police’ in this period represents a much wider programme of administration than the simple control of law and order, this has implications for our understanding of the structure of eighteenth-century government in general.     

Deaths of people with serious mental disorder: An exploration of deaths in custody and fatal police contacts

People with serious mental disorders (PSMDs) are overrepresented both in prison deaths and during fatal encounters with the police in the community (deaths after police contact, DAPC). To identify common factors present across cases of who died during contact with the criminal justice system in Queensland, publicly available coroners reports were analysed (N = 38). The findings of the study indicated psychosis and mood disorders were the most common diagnosis in incarcerated PSMD deaths, and suicide was the most common cause of death for incarcerated PSMDs. Within incarcerated settings, access to healthcare records, medication compliance, risk assessment and monitoring, and safe housing of at‐risk prisoners may be potential areas to explore with regard to prevention. Similarly, PSMD DAPCs were more likely to be experiencing mood or psychosis disorders than other forms of mental disorder, and suicide and police shootings were the most common causes of death. In PSMD DAPC, inadequate mental health access, treatment noncompliance and comorbid substance use were included as potential areas that could direct research efforts toward prevention.     

Rethinking melas as subaltern spaces: Pardhan blacksmiths and some aspects of ‘caste-passing’ in fairs, 1872–1931

Nineteenth-century melas (fairs) were evanescent public spaces that facilitated anonymity and unplanned encounters between castes, classes, men and women. By recognizing caste-passing in various mela clusters, historians gain insights into a range of subaltern debates about caste. Caste-passing involved lower caste adoption of the accouterments of upper castes and threatened social hierarchy. Opaque to police, associational life within fairs signified a society undergoing transformation. The figure of the Pardhan blacksmith embodied the unknowable fair-going crowd. Hailing from an adivasi (indigenous) community in the Central Provinces of India, these blacksmiths attracted police notice. Pardhan blacksmiths deployed their skills towards manufacturing imitation gold; at the fair they passed off as members of upper castes. For the police, Pardhan caste-passing within fairs threatened to unravel taxonomies of tribe and caste, region and religion. It was at the fair that hounded and persecuted Pardhan blacksmiths found some respite from the theft of their lands and labour. Through an analysis of caste-passing, a social history emerges of nineteenth-century fairs in colonial India that foregrounds experiences of those fairgoers who were members of ‘criminal tribes’ persecuted by colonial police, and the plebeian multitude that mingled in melas and participated in anti-caste debates.     

Convergence in the Social Welfare Systems in Europe: From Goal to Reality

The history of the social welfare systems in Europe in the postwar period appears as autonomous national processes because the construction of Europe which imposed common rules in many areas was equally consistent with the national development of social welfare systems, within each national culture. However, the idea of a common system of social protection has always remained linked to political and economic European construction which would create a more cohesive society. Many studies have analysed the trend of specific social policies and their convergence or divergence in Europe. Therefore, global convergence is often conceived as resulting from the domestic dynamics of each social risk. The paper focuses on one specific topic: the quantitative evaluation of convergence among the EU and OECD countries at the macroeconomic level. In the first part we explain the construction of social indicators which can assess the convergence or divergence of social expenditure in EU and OECD countries. In the second part we show many methodological problems and difficulties of interpretation of the social indicators. Then we see that the analysis of national trajectories of social expenditure and the link with economic development can enrich the analysis of convergence in social protection. Finally, the empirical analysis supports the idea of “adjustment” reforms rather than radical changes in a transitional period.     

Anti-Racism and Indigenous Australians

Indigenous Australians constitute approximately 2.4% of the Australian population and suffer from disadvantage across a range of social, economic, and health indicators compared to other Australians, including exposure to racism across all domains of contemporary Australian society. However, there has been relatively little research conducted on anti-racism in relation to Indigenous Australians. This article begins with an overview of theoretical issues pertinent to the empirical study and public policy of anti-racism. Empirical findings, from social psychology, on effective approaches to anti-racism at the cognitive, individual, interpersonal, and societal level as well as for the targets of racism are detailed with a particular focus on Indigenous Australians. Recommendations for improving and expanding institutional and legal policies to implement these approaches in relation to education and child-rearing, public service, law enforcement and media, as well as monitoring racism and promoting anti-racism in civil society, are then presented. To conclude, strategies for engendering political will to combat racism in the current neoliberal capitalist climate are explored.     

公共投资、经济增长与腐败的相关问题研究

投资是社会经济发展的动力 ,但腐败的存在 ,极大地影响了投资的绩效和经济发展的质量 ,在公共投资领域的表现尤为明显。为了提高公共投资推动经济增长的绩效 ,必须剔除或弱化腐败对公共投资的消极影响 ,要求在公共投资项目决策与实施过程中 ,设置有效的腐败预防制度     

中国地方政府廉政建设测评体系的指标研究

随着地方政府在经济和社会发展中角色的深化,地方政府的腐败治理工作也需要探索新的思路。本文通过对海内外反腐倡廉的指标体系的比较分析,建立一个新的理论框架,并据此发展出一套切合我国地方政府实际情况的廉政建设评估指标体系。本研究认为,应该以“投入—效果”的绩效评估方法为原则,测量地方政府治理腐败的努力及成效。针对当前中国的实际,应主要通过主观感知测量方法,针对政府行为中存在的关于制度实施的价值权威性分配的认知与判断进行测量。本套指标体系注意到指标的可测性与资料的可取得性。建立这样的指标体系可以提高我国地方政府廉政建设的有效性和针对性,是腐败治理预警机制的必要组成部分。     

中国古代吏治腐败根源探析

利用政治权力 ,谋取非法的经济利益 ,这是封建社会吏治腐败的主要表现。造成吏治腐败的原因有三 :一是管理权与所有权的分离 ;二是监察权与行政权的合流 ;三是专制君主对腐败现象的放纵。各种政治制度均不能解决吏治腐败问题 ,最后只好将其交给道德伦理来解决了 ,而道德伦理是无法解决应由法律制度来解决的腐败问题的。     

腐败现象的价值维度分析

制度的缺陷客观上也许为腐败现象的产生提供了机会,但把这种可能性转化为具体腐败行为的却是腐败主体的价值选择。这种价值选择是腐败者自我实现的某种需求,因此,从价值维度上对腐败现象的反思,构建以"好公民"为基点的现代价值体系,是防治腐败的一个基本路径。