美洲城市体系格局分析及对提升新时代中国城市全球竞争力的启示

基于借鉴国际经验的视角,笔者通过计算美洲206个主要城市的全球联系度,对美洲城市体系的研究发现:美洲城市体系内部存在明显的“南—北”分化特征,形成了以北美洲城市体系为中心、南美洲城市体系为外围的二元结构,南美洲城市处于被北美洲城市支配的地位。根据回归分析表明,金融服务、基础设施与科技创新是影响美洲城市全球联系度的主要因素。新时代中国城市应通过建设以科技创新与金融服务为核心功能的新型全球城市、构建多层次的城市群体系以及多中心、协调发展的城市体系来提升全球竞争力。     

从法理学的视角试论全球治理

全球治理是指各种国际行为体以人类共存共治共赢为宗旨,通过各种手段和途径来解决全球问题和世界公共事务。从治理、全球化趋势、全球治理、中国参与全球治理等方面进行论述,从而对我国应如何应对现在全球治理的发展趋势以及涉及的一系列全球性问题如何和谐处理,关于我国参与全球治理的进程与其在全球治理中的行为。全球治理呼唤新的全球合作形式和解决方案其将贯穿着中国参与全球治理的进程,确保了中国以合作和负责任态度处理全球性问题,促进了全球治理和国内治理在结构上的相互支持。     

上海建设全球城市对全球城市理论的发展与贡献

上海建设全球城市是全球城市理论在城市演变中的必然体现,同时上海加快建设全球城市的实践也将深化发展全球城市理论.上海建设全球城市增强了发展中国家全球城市建设样本,将促进全球城市相关研究.上海建设全球城市拓展了全球城市理论研究的动态视角,将有效回答“一个城市是怎样成为全球城市”的问题.上海建设全球城市将进一步充实全球城市体系理论研究.上海建设全球城市在突出城市经济、文化、创新等功能的同时,更加关注城市发展共享、协调等理念,不断强调宜居、生态、包容、治理等城市功能,这将使全球城市功能内涵得到进一步拓展.     

城市交通拥堵灾害的管理与控制研究

随着我国城镇化建设水平的提高和进程的加快,交通拥堵已经成为一种城市灾害,如何治理城市中的交通拥堵问题是城市灾害法律控制研究的重要方面.城市交通拥堵作为现代城市中常见的一种现象,有其自身的表现形式和特殊的致灾因子,是城市管理者急需解决的难题.从法治社会的角度而言,城市交通拥堵灾害的治理离不开法律的基础和支持作用,通过各种治理方式与法律的结合,从而有效治理城市交通拥堵灾害.     

20世纪80代以来伦敦大都市治理改革的进程及展望

伦敦是著名的全球城市,不断革新的治理体系是促成其世界城市地位的重要制度因素之一.通过自20世纪80年代以来的伦敦治理过程的梳理发现,集权分权并重、政府与社会紧密合作,是其不断解决城市发展问题的治理变革主线,同时分析了当今城市治理面临的重大挑战,并提出了未来治理的重要展望和改革方向.     

江南文化传承的全球城市路径与长三角城市群文化品牌建设

江南地区的城市发展构成了江南文化兴起、演进与繁荣的历史动力,并且后者的影响力因长三角城市体系的形成而不断扩大.在国家新型城镇化规划强调以文化品质彰显城市个性的总体导向下,上海的全球城市建设在应对竞争中需注重大都市战略空间迭代中的文化作用,在"地方空间"的层面依托根植性的文化创新助推内生增长,以此增强在"流动空间"运行体系中的全球资源配置功能.这意味着,上海的全球城市建设将面临文化发展与区域路径的深度融合趋势.江南文化的创新价值最终体现为"城市—区域—国家"的多层次品牌塑造能力,特别是从文化创造力到文化凝聚力的提升过程,涉及长三角城市群协同治理的深层次推进问题.因此,以江南文化为基底的文化品牌建设,应被视为长三角世界级城市群文化发展与创新、区域软实力基础设施建构的重点内容.     

城市社区建设中的居民自治研究述评

当前推进国家治理体系及治理能力现代化的进程中,在基层社区内形成民主管理,社区事务的治理以居民自治为主、多方参与,具有重要意义。通过整理我国城市社区居民自治的研究文献,从主体视角和机制视角分析了城市社区居民自治现状。概括了党政机关、自治组织和社区居民在居民自治中的不同作用,分析了社区居民自治中政治机制、法律机制和文化机制的作用。目前的居民自治研究主要从宏观着眼,为我国城市社区居民自治指明了道路,但具体的可操作的方法并不多。     

“城市病”的治理与市民主体

城市化进程既带来城市人口的增长和文明的进步,同时也衍生了"城市病"。城市在发展中产生的"城市病",其防与治必须依靠市民主体,通过提升市民素质来完成,这应该成为我国实行有效城市治理的基本理念。市民教育和提升市民主体意识参与城市治理,必须依据中国国情和各市的市情,从提升市民对城市治理的参与度和话语权、把城市看作是一所大学并加强社区教育功能、把市民教育更好地纳入国民教育、强化中等收入阶层市民主体培育和以城市文化凝聚市民主体精神中来实现。     

引领区视域下浦东深化城市治理改革的思路与对策

国家赋予浦东打造社会主义现代化建设引领区的新使命,是浦东改革开放再出发、建功新时代的新机遇。为了成功打造“现代城市治理的示范样板”“城市治理能力和治理成效的全球典范,社会主义现代化强国的璀璨明珠”,浦东要站在彰显中华文明、代表国家参与全球竞争的高度,针对城市治理存在的问题和不足,结合全球城市治理改革方向,加强顶层设计,勇猛精进,行稳致远。     

从世界城市、全球城市到世界名城——一种理论的视角

从某种意义上说,世界城市和全球城市是一对既相关联又略有差别的概念。世界城市研究的是20世纪上半叶以来的世界顶尖城市,而全球城市主要研究20世纪下半叶以来的世界顶尖城市,特别看重的是全球化进程中的城市功能与地位。当代中国提出的中国名城和世界名城之说则强调城市的气质和特性,研究世界城市之林中具有品牌特色和地位的城市。我们需要利用名城思维来整合各种资源,找准城市的主题,需要站在全球的视野看名城品牌,从而打造全新的世界名城。     

Transnational Municipal Networks in Climate Politics: From Global Governance to Global Politics

In a multilevel and multicentric governance arena, pathways and mechanisms of influence are several and non-state capacities for technical leadership and norm entrepreneurship prove more significant than is the case within a strictly multilateral framework. Among actors with such capacities are municipalities, which multiply their influence through horizontal and vertical relationships. Transnational municipal networks present opportunities for both intermunicipal dialogue and the pooling of global influence, highlighting the presence and influence of the city in the world. This paper examines the collective response of some cities to climate change, exploring the place of cities in global environmental politics through analysis of two transnational municipal networks: the International Council of Local Environmental Initiatives' Cities for Climate Protection and the International Solar Cities Initiative. The article addresses the following questions: How might municipal efforts toward a climate-stable future be significant to the larger issue of ecological justice in global environmental politics? Might cities be able to redefine the rules of the game and take a stand on ‘inefficient’ norms? After briefly accounting for the relationship between cities and the world, the article characterizes technical leadership as a legitimizing force of and in global environmental governance and norm entrepreneurship as a potential source of contestation and subversion in global environmental politics. The paper describes what cities are globalizing, in terms of pollution, environmental degradation, and risk, and in terms of management and politics. Finally, the article explores the possibility that emerging horizontal and vertical relationships, intermunicipal relationships, and relationships between cities or networks of cities and other scales of governance potentiate legitimizing roles for cities in climate governance and subversive roles in climate politics.     

Redress and Corporate Human Rights Harms: An Analysis of New Governance and the POSCO Odisha Project

Human rights harms caused by transnational business in the global South are increasingly being addressed using ‘new governance’ tools and their cooperative problem-solving processes. Such an approach is employed by OECD National Contact Points (NCPs), which received a complaint regarding Korean steel giant POSCO in India. This article explains the contested aspects of the POSCO project in its politico-economic context and shows how the NCP process sacrificed elements essential to an effective new governance approach. This case highlights the challenges facing new governance tools in advancing human rights in the global South raising significant questions about their usefulness in this context.     

Glurbanization theory: an analysis of global cities

This article analyzes glurbanization theory. The theory rests on the premise that major urban transformations and reconfigurations through interscalar strategies and rescaling processes are a good method of increasing the capacity and status of cities (and their regions) to develop global competitive advantages. This urban model stems from the fact that cities are increasingly exposed to global competition. An important tenet of glurbanization is that large cities worldwide, called ‘global cities’, come to share the same essential attributes (i.e., cityscapes, skyscrapers, financial markets, cultural centers, etc.). Another important tenet of glurbanization is that it collapses the global and the local: urban spaces are restructured so that globalization does not become just a top-down hierarchical design whereby the nation-state dictates how things work; rather, globalization is made to happen both from ‘below’ and from ‘above’.     

The politics of global youth participation

This article critically examines increased opportunities for youth participation in global political affairs created by the United Nations and its member states in the 2010s. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork and interviews at three global youth conferences, this study demonstrates the operationalization of participatory governance, a current mode of global politics, that seeks to engage multi-stakeholders in a seemingly more democratic and egalitarian process. It investigates how the structure and culture of participation mechanisms found in international political processes limited youth engagement. Young people expressed both dissatisfaction with what they perceived to be their inability to participate meaningfully and their desire to fulfill their human right to participation. The author argues that this reflects the construction an ideal global youth-citizen today as marked by an individual’s exercise of compulsory participation as a self-governing and responsible subject. Participation is employed as a mode of governance so that young people may instrumentally advance thier life chances against the insecurities of social risks imposed on them in the retreat of state provisions. The study underscores the need to critically examine the institutionalization of political youth agency.     

Is there a global super-bourgeoisie?

In recent decades, accelerating processes of globalization and an increase in economic inequality in most of the world's countries have raised the question of the emergence of a new bourgeoisie integrated at the global level, sometimes described as a global super-bourgeoisie. This group would be distinguished by its unequaled level of wealth and global interconnectedness, its transnational ubiquity and concentration in the planet's major global cities, its specific culture, consumption habits, sites of sociability and shared references, and even by class consciousness and capacity to act collectively. This article successively discusses how the social sciences have examined these various dimensions of the question and begun to provide systematic empirical answers.     

Governing the Global Land Grab: What role for Gender in the Voluntary Guidelines and the Principles for Responsible Investment?

The heightened interest in large-scale foreign agricultural investment in regions with ‘unused’ arable land has triggered a great deal of international attention. Concerns about ‘land grabbing’ have initiated efforts at the global level to establish standards for ‘responsible investment’ and good governance. These initiatives warrant critical examination given the social, political, and economic inequalities to which they are designed to respond, yet the scholarship on these initiatives frequently fails to incorporate gendered analyses. This article argues that gendered analysis of the governance of land grabs not only belongs at the local level—where it continues to yield important insights into how gender inequality is manifested in various forms of local governance—but that it is sorely needed at the global level as well. As such, this article begins an assessment of these governance frameworks and how they consider local realities, with particular attention to gender-based inequalities.     

Gendering Global Governance

In this article I map out the major debates on global governance and the feminist critiques of the mainstream interventions in these debates. I argue that the shift from government to governance is a response to the needs of a gendered global capitalist economy and is shaped by struggles, both discursive and material, against the unfolding consequences of globalization. I suggest feminist interrogations of the concept, processes, practices and mechanisms of governance and the insights that develop from them should be centrally incorporated into critical revisionist and radical discourses of and against the concept of global governance. However, I also examine the challenges that the concept of global governance poses for feminist political practice, which are both of scholarship and of activism as feminists struggle to address the possibilities and politics of alternatives to the current regimes of governance. I conclude by suggesting that feminist political practice needs to focus on the politics of redistribution in the context of global governance.     

Democracy and global governance: the case for a bottom-up and context-sensitive approach

This concluding chapter outlines a theoretical framework for understanding the relation between global governance, democracy and the findings of the papers in this volume. It identifies the two principles of affectedness and representation in the literature on democratic global governance, and relates them to the three democratic building blocks of equality, inclusive participation and accountability. These five theoretical components are then combined to relate the findings of the previous chapters to three heuristic models of governance: the domination model, the market model and the global democracy model. We show that the particular global governance arrangements discussed in previous chapters to some extent contain elements of all these models: undemocratic domination, mildly democratic market mechanisms and fully democratic global-democratic processes. Through this theoretical framework, the reader gains insight into how to assess and strategize the democratization project for global governance.     

Global Governance and Universities: The Power of Ideas and Knowledge

Abstract

So as to advance understanding of global governance, one can pick up on Robert Cox's critical formulations. Best known for his insights on the interplay of material conditions, institutions, and ideas, he later developed his framework by giving greater weight to the ideational dimensions of intersubjectivity. Yet it is usually deployed with regard to the former phase of his work while the latter phase goes unnoticed or is neglected. Cox's more recent conceptualization may serve as a springboard for thinking afresh about global knowledge production and dissemination. His approach can be stretched by exploring specific spheres of authority at particular sites. Focusing on universities as one of them, this article suggests a research itinerary that maps clusters of agents and guides empirical digging into how these structures operate. A complex of actors and processes, detailed in the findings, is redesigning global knowledge governance. The connective tissue in a cross-continental web of educational restructuring is gradually spreading. Cox's theorization may be fruitfully expanded to analyze this dynamic.     

Mooring Mobilities,Fixing Flows: Towards a Global Urban History of Port Cities in the Age of Steam

This article critically surveys the current historiography of port cities, which have recently attracted a lot of interest, particularly from global historians of the 19th and early 20th century. The article contextualizes this body of scholarship within larger recent and older trends in the discipline. Recently, historians and other scholars have predominantly analyzed port cities as “nodal points” or “hubs” within global networks. The article argues that these perspectives project spatial patterns defined by the imaginary of globalization today into the past, failing to acknowledge how tightly interwoven globalization and urbanization were in port cities during the age of steam. However, port cities can provide concrete narrative focal points to develop empirically-grounded global histories, and remind us of the various efforts to control, limit, or prevent unsolicited forms of mobility and entanglement in the sites where these were moored or fixed. Finally, port cities can render the labor of the urban masses visible that facilitated the making of steam age connectivity and a globality anchored in the urban space of the ports.