古城整体保护的启示 ——以魁北克古城为例

随着时代发展,各国古城保护的实践愈发丰富.除考古科研价值外,古城也是当地居民文化认同的重要组成部分.用恰当的方式保护古城,将会对当地社区乃至城市凝聚力的提升起到重要的助推作用.加拿大魁北克古城整体保护为当今历史文化古城的保护与开发做出了示范.笔者旨在讨论魁北克古城整体保护方案,对比我国在文化古城保护中的实践,并总结其中的经验与启示.     

历史文化名城保护呼唤“理性回归”

进入21世纪,中国历史文化名城、古城的保护要实现理性回归,并使保护形成一种真正地传承和发展民族、地方文化的观念,深入到政府和百姓的心中,除了要消除模糊的认识和误区外,更要有政策引导和法律保障,有必要从法律层面进行一系列的制度建设,要更多地学习国外经验,发动和启示更广泛的民间公众力量参与,使弘扬和保护成为中国民众的一种文化自觉,在中国创造一个历史文化名城、古城保护的全民化时代。     

苏州

苏州在1982年被批准为第一批国家历史文化名城后,编制了城市总体规划,提出了"全面保护古城,重点建设现代化新区"的城市建设方针,并注意强化全城居民的保护意识,使对名城的保护渗透到城市建设的方方面面.     

简析苏州运河两岸环古城风貌景观规划设计

一、项目背景与概况 苏州是有着悠久历史的文化古城，同时也是一个快速发展中的现代城市，保护与发展之间的矛盾是苏州城市建设中不可回避的问题。2002年，经过专家讨论和方案论证提出环古城风貌保护工程。苏州运河（宝带桥至觅渡桥段）两岸景观规划为环古城风貌保护三期工程，规划场地位于苏州古城东南，具体规划范围北起觅渡桥，南至澹台湖运河转折处，河段全长约3．35km，两岸各宽100--450m，规划用地总面积约110hm2。     

苏州城市更新中的现代建筑地域化之路

21世纪以来，苏州城市的发展速度远远超过20世纪，甚至超过历史上任何一个时期。城市的迅猛发展加快了古城更新的步伐，以街坊、道路、建筑为主的大规模城市更新，使苏州的城市风貌得到了提升和转化，但城市的各个方面却面临着严峻的挑战，尤其是历史传承与地域文化特征的保存。     

古城功能疏解及实施对策研究——以绍兴古城为例

绍兴古城范围为环城河内约8.32平方公里的区域,分布着丰富的历史遗存,构筑了古城独特的历史文化氛围。但近年来,随着城市快速发展,导致古城内人口大量集聚、道路拥堵、风貌不佳、部分功能与古城保护冲突。加之原先用地结构也不能适应新的发展需求,大量商业、商务、行政事业单位的集聚与文化古城的定位不符,亟待功能疏解。以绍兴古城功能定位为参考,明确非古城功能作为疏解对象,提出疏解策略,从用地、人口结构、交通层面提出了疏解方案,并以绍兴目前的实践为例,提出了疏解后空间再利用三种转型模式。     

城市历史街区“地方性”的居民感知调查研究——以广东潮州古城区为例

当前我国许多城市在现代化建设中,忽略了城市的地方特性,割断了城市发展的历史,出现了"千城一面"的现象。解决城市的"特色危机",重点就在于历史文化街区的保护与复兴,其关键就在于城市历史街区的地方性能否得到传承和延续,因此了解和分析作为城市地方性传承主体的地方居民对城市地方性的感知情况就十分必要。文章以广东潮州古城区为例,以抽样问卷调查为手段,调查和分析了潮州古城本地居民对潮州文化及其地方性的感知情况。     

对历史街区保护的一些思考

一 我国历史街区保护的历程 我国开展城市历史文化保护工作与其他国家相比比较晚,但这也使得我们充分学习了其他各国的先进经验,具有一个较高的起点。1982年,国务院公布第一批国家历史文化名城的名单,标志着我国历史文化保护工作正式纳入城市发展战略,成为城市总体规划的重要组成部分,而非以前简单的对文物建筑的保护。1986年在国务院公布第二批国家历史文化名城名单的文件中,即已提出“历史文化保护区”这     

城市历史文化遗产保护的政策与规划

根据我国现行的政策与法律,能够将历史文化遗产的保护分为历史文化保护街区、文物保护单位以及历史文化保护名城三个层次。该保护方法的应用可以进一步促进历史文化遗产保护工作的顺利进行,同时,也能够对城市发展以及历史文化遗产保护的矛盾加以更好的解决。为此,本文对城市历史文化遗产保护的政策与规划进行了深入的分析,希望能够对有效保护城市历史文化遗产,促进城市精神文明建立起到一定帮助作用。     

历史文化名镇保护规划探析--以河北省蔚县宋家庄为例

河北省历史文化悠久，具有历史文化价值的古镇数量众多，但由于对其保护不力，许多文化遗迹正在消逝。笔者以蔚县宋家庄历史文化名镇为例，通过实地调研，发掘其古镇的历史文化价值，从镇域范围保护规划、镇区保护范围划定、建筑保护规划、古街巷保护规划、非物质文化遗产保护规划以及镇区建设与古村保护规划6个方面对宋家庄历史文化名镇的保护进行了探析，以期为我国历史文化名镇的保护规划研究提供参考与借鉴。     

The Function of History in an Americanism Program

This article discusses how local history can be used by teachers to help develop historical thinking skills such as source analysis, the collection of data, and the creation of historical arguments. Using New York City as a case study, this article argues that urban spaces and local communities provide historical evidence that can be read and analyzed. It uses different streets, buildings, and neighborhoods from New York City to show how historical conclusions can be drawn from those resources. It also discusses instructional ideas that teachers can develop in their classrooms.     

Visions of resilience: lessons from applying a digital democracy tool in New York’s Jamaica Bay watershed

Resilience to extreme weather events and other sudden changes is an issue facing many communities in the early twenty-first century. Planning to respond to disasters is particularly complicated in densely inhabited, multi-jurisdictional urban social-ecological systems like the watershed of Jamaica Bay, a large urbanized estuary on the south side of New York City. This area contains parklands managed by New York City, the National Park Service, and other agencies, four sewage treatment plants, three former landfills, and urban and suburban communities, all of which were heavily impacted by Hurricane Sandy in 2012. Here successful resilience planning and response requires participation from a wide variety of government and civil society players each with different types of knowledge, value systems, and expectations about what resilience means. To investigate how “visions” of future resilience differed among several communities living in or concerned with Jamaica Bay, New York, we deployed a free, Internet-based modeling framework called Visionmaker that enabled interactive scenario creation and testing. Through a series of standardized workshops, we recruited participants from a variety of different communities of practice (i.e. researchers, land managers, educators, non-governmental organization staff, and community board members) to design “visions of resilience”. Visions spanned terrestrial and marine environments and contained natural and built ecosystems. Most users favored increasing resilience through expanding salt marsh and green infrastructure while, for the most part, keeping the built city landscape of streets and buildings intact. We compare and contrast these visions and discuss the implications for future resilience planning in coastal cities.

     

纽约城市转型与绿色发展对北京的启示

纽约城市转型表现为由制造业到服务业再到高端知识型服务业和绿色发展的城市演变轨迹,其特征主要表现为重视创新驱动、高端服务业集群、人才教育培养、城市功能融合、城市绿化建设等。借鉴纽约城市转型经验,北京应加强城市功能的均衡化疏解、基本公共服务均等化,加强产业多中心集聚和分散布局,大力发展教育、医疗、卫生、文化休闲等服务业,完善公共交通系统,加快绿色产业、绿色技术创新和城市绿化建设,促进城市转型与绿色发展。     

Conservation of Bangkok old town

Conservation of urban heritage contributes to the quality of life of people. Unfortunately, the urban heritage tends to be set aside from city development. The growing importance of locality in recent years invokes the public participation in planning and conservation processes. The paper aims to address the issue in urban conservation through the case of Bangkok old town. The site has been designated as a conservation area with the master plan and a specific advisory board for around three decades. Though a number of palaces and religious buildings have been protected, there is still a need for recognizing the local heritage and the enhancement of public participation. The issues regarding heritage identification, standard used in conservation practices and excessive tourism development in Bangkok old town would be resolved by revisiting the master plan and improving the cooperation among stakeholders. Moreover, urban heritage should be considered as a basis for urban planning and projects.     

太平街：长沙之韵

太平街不长，全长还不到四百米，但却是长沙现存保留原有街巷格局最为完整的一条老街。在这里，你能感受到历史沉淀下来的古老韵味，也能捕捉到新时代的文艺气息。     

Making places: The role of attachment in creating the sense of place for traditional streets in Malaysia

Sense of place definition includes the point where the physical element, activity and meaning are intertwined in the people experience of place. In urban design and place quality research, much has been discussed on the significance of the physical elements and activities in creating the sense of place; however, the role of place attachment as a component that gives places meaning(s) has not been adequately explored. This article is based on the main findings of a doctoral research examining attachment to traditional shopping streets in the city centre of Kuala Lumpur. Surveys and face-to-face interviews were conducted with users of the streets to investigate place attachment and its influence on place identity. The finding demonstrates that attachment to the traditional streets is strong and it influences the users’ perception on the identity of the places. The streets were regarded as very important in sustaining the economic activities and meaningful in accentuating cultural diversity and self and group identity. The historical significance of the area as the earliest shopping locations in the city evoked personal and shared meanings to the long-term users who developed stronger place attachment. The paper concludes by establishing that place attachment has a significant contribution to the sense of place therefore should be considered in the design of urban places especially when redevelopment is one of the options.     

The city from its margins: rethinking urban governance through the everyday lives of migrant women in Johannesburg

Drawing on ethnographic data, this article explores migrant women’s relationships and encounters with the state in South Africa’s largest city, Johannesburg. Focusing on the experiences of people in this marginal location, the article re-examines the notion of ‘urban governance’, which is often understood as the realm of formal urban institutions in which the state asserts its authority and regulatory powers. Through the everyday lives of migrant women we see that local urban practices are not simply shaped by the formalism of state rules and regulations, or their informal illegal counterparts. The way migrant women navigate the city, trade on the streets, and interact with the state and other urban actors illustrates that governance is co-constructed by a multitude of regimes, legal and illegal, visible and invisible. Indeed, women’s lives collapse the dichotomy of the official and unofficial, governed and ungoverned city, in ways that allow us to rethink how we conceptualise the city.     

时间维度下场所精神之蜕变兴衰——以武汉市商业步行街为例

作为因商而兴的九省通衢城市,武汉市的商业步行街一直是城市精神表达的重要场所。本文以武汉市三条著名商业步行街——汉正街,江汉路,楚河汉街为观察研究对象,以时间轴为研究线索,立足"场所精神"概念与内涵,深入分析比较不同时间维度下场所精神对于城市的意义变迁。     

Native and exotic species in the urban landscape of the city of Rio de Janeiro,Brazil: density,richness, and arboreal deficit

Shaped by European influences, the Brazilian urban landscape was marked by the predominant use of exotic species in planted areas. In the 19th century along the city streets of Rio de Janeiro, trees were planted at a standard distance from each other. With time, native species began to be used in the urban landscape. Our purpose was to evaluate the utilization of exotic plant species in the urban landscape of Rio de Janeiro, evaluate the city’s arboreal deficit, and relate its neighborhood arboreal density to its economic index. Arboreal deficit represents the negative difference between the total number of expected trees and the observed number in the streets based in the standard distance used in the past. Twenty native and 40 exotic species were found in the 1701 streets sampled. A high percent of streets did not have any planted trees and the number of trees was greater in wealthier neighborhoods. The strong prevalence of exotic species is indicative of the negative impact of human activity on the biota. Since the municipality of Rio de Janeiro harbors forested areas, the risk for dissemination of exotic species is high.     

城市工业文化遗产保护与利用泛论

保护利用工业遗产,可谓善待社会历史资源、改善城市空间环境、保持城市生机魅力与原真印记的科学文明之举。作为我国南方工业重镇,广州应借鉴国内外的先进经验,创建自己的经典范例。