县委书记、县长如何成为好“搭档”

县委书记与县长的关系如何,影响着一个县的工作成效。因为他们之间的关系不只是个人与个人之间的关系,从某种意义上讲,也是县委与县政府关系的缩影,所以在一个县的领导层中,党政一把手的团结特别重要,上上下下对此都十分关注。可以说,上级组织在搭配班子……     

上级怎样帮扶下级一把手

现在什么工作都强调抓一把手,一把手抓,一把手负总责;工作没有做好,拿一把手是问,要求一把手引咎辞职……这些做法有其一定道理,是符合现代管理的能级管理原则的。但是,作为下级一把手如果离开了上级领导……     

给后任留下一片天

领导者离开原来的领导岗位,一般有这样几种情况:被提拔重用,平调交流,离休,退休,降职,免职或撤职等.不管属于哪种情况,都会有后任来接替其领导工作.作为前任领导者,能否正确对待后任,能否恰当处理与后任的关系,事关领导工作的延续与发展,必须慎重对待.笔者认为,前任领导应该为后任领导留下一片有利于发展的天空,具体应注意以下三个问题.     

上级如何为下级挑担子

人非圣贤,孰能无过?当下级工作出现某些失误时,上级往往会为下级承担一些责任,这就是所谓的挑担子.这既是上级的职责所在,也是体制所规定的.但是,这种挑担子,决不是无原则的庇护.为下级挑担子,要在搞清楚失误的性质、责任归属、主客观因素的前提下,有选择地"挑".无原则地"挑",既是对干部的放纵,也会给今后的工作造成更大的隐患,反而会害了干部;有原则地"挑","挑"好了,则可以达到爱护干部、调动干部积极性、融洽上下级关系、促进工作之目的.那么,如何为下级挑担子呢?     

Finding a Length-Constrained Maximum-Density Path in a Tree

Let T = (V,E,w) be an undirected and weighted tree with node set V and edge set E, where w(e) is an edge weight function for e E. The density of a path, say e₁, e₂,..., e_k, is defined as ^k_{i = 1} w(e_i)/k. The length of a path is the number of its edges. Given a tree with n edges and a lower bound L where 1 L n, this paper presents two efficient algorithms for finding a maximum-density path of length at least L in O(nL) time. One of them is further modified to solve some special cases such as full m-ary trees in O(n) time.     

如何领导有个性的下属

人的个性具有多样性.认识好、打造好、引导好和制约好有个性的下属,是领导者取得成功的重要条件;反之,如果领导者不能很好地驾驭有个性的下属,那就可能影响到单位内部的团结,削弱战斗力,对事业造成损害.     

Toward a Framework for Achieving a Sustainable Globalization

Widespread trade liberalization and economic integration characterize the current era of globalization. While this approach has resulted in significant job creation, improved living standards, and a wider variety of cheaper consumer goods and services, opponents question if globalization's benefits outweigh the dislocations and downsides that it causes. Protestors are intent on stalling or rolling back globalization's progression and our review of the history of globalization reveals that a backlash is not without precedent. The article carefully examines the myth and reality of these two opposing positions on four key areas of the globalization debate: jobs; inequality and poverty; national sovereignty and cultural diversity; and the natural environment. This information is then utilized to derive a broad set of feasible policy recommendations that could help bring about a more sustainable form of globalization.     

Choosing a diversification project in a regulated economy

Choosing a diversification project in a regulated economy involves consideration of a large number of micro and macro issues. In order to make an optimal choice of strategy, a formal approach to diversification planning is necessary. This article develops an approach which aims at breaking up the problem of identification and selection of projects into manageable components. The approach involves three steps: identification of broad industry groups: identification of specific projects within each broad industry group; and comprehensive feasibility study. The major benefit of this approach lies in providing a systematic mechanism for reducing the number of alternatives and in recognizing the link between the internal management processes of strategy formulation with the political and administrative processes in government and regulatory bodies. The article is based largely on the Indian experience.     

Estimation When a Parameter is on a Boundary

This paper establishes the asymptotic distribution of an extremum estimator when the true parameter lies on the boundary of the parameter space. The boundary may be linear, curved, and/or kinked. Typically the asymptotic distribution is a function of a multivariate normal distribution in models without stochastic trends and a function of a multivariate Brownian motion in models with stochastic trends. The results apply to a wide variety of estimators and models. Examples treated in the paper are: (i) quasi-ML estimation of a random coefficients regression model with some coefficient variances equal to zero and (ii) LS estimation of an augmented Dickey-Fuller regression with unit root and time trend parameters on the boundary of the parameter space.     

Is a powerful rival a right partner?

This paper explores why powerless firms are faced with the dilemma of whether or not to collaborate with other powerful firms. Two natures of power, competitive and cooperative natures, are compared to study such an imbalance between firms in market power and social power. Testing the syndicated underwritings in the U.S. from 1998 to 2009, we find that egos of low market power are less likely to partner with alters of high market power. In contrast, egos of low social power are more likely to collaborate with alters of high social power. Moreover, the results show that collaborations with powerful partners are not necessarily beneficial or detrimental for the performance of powerless focal firms; only when the high power partners possess a high network constraint which constrains opportunism and facilitates trust, do collaborations with such partners help the performance of powerless focal firms.     

Spotting a market gap for a new product

Many new products and substitute technologies fail because they enter markets too late or with too little price/performance advantage. Essentially, these products have missed their window for successful market entry. To avoid this type of product entry error, management should locate and define the boundaries of the strategic entry window for their products or technologies.     

Designing a control system for a multinational subsidiary

This article discusses how the control systems for multinational subsidiary managers are affected by national variables such as political risk, financial/monetary policies and relative cultural distance. These environmental factors are reviewed and synthesized into a three-dimensional model to help a manager diagnose these influences and choose the appropriate control system. This model illustrates how the salience of input control increases as multinational entities increasingly compete globally in nations with unstable financial/monetary policies, significant government restrictions and high cultural distance. Global expansion into countries with one or more of these will require multinational entities to pay added attention to how they recruit, train and reward subsidiary managers.     

Characteristics of a central change programme within a governmental bureaucracy: a grounded theory study

Purpose The purpose of the paper is to present a theory of organisational change within the setting of a governmental bureaucracy. Design/methodology/approach Orthodox grounded theory is employed in the setting of a change programme in 12 Audit departments of the Dutch Ministries (public-sector). Findings The examined organisational change has specific characteristics. The Dutch ‘ministerial autonomy’ and the clearly recognizable role types of the key figures involved have a strong impact on the change programme and the realisation of its goals. Research limitations/implications Findings are derived on the basis of a substantive case study of the change programme of the Dutch Departmental Audit function. The research sheds new light on characteristics related to the occupational group of Chartered Accountants and characteristics of a governmental bureaucracy and it helps to understand change programmes within this bureaucracy. Practical implications The grounded theoretical model draws attention to the impact of key figures and circumstances on a change programme within the central government. Originality/value The paper builds on theories of organisational change but applies them in the typical context of the Dutch civil service where ministerial autonomy, on the one hand, and a move in the direction of more centrally organised activities (concern idea), on the other, require a difficult balancing act of all players in the change arena.     

Leader distance: a review and a proposed theory

The concept of leader distance has been subsumed in a number of leadership theories; however, with few exceptions, leadership scholars have not expressly defined nor discussed leader distance, how distance is implicated in the legitimization of a leader, and how distance affects leader outcomes. We review available literature and demonstrate that integral to untangling the dynamics of the leadership influencing process is an understanding of leader–follower distance. We present distance in terms of three independent dimensions: leader–follower physical distance, perceived social distance, and perceived task interaction frequency. We discuss possible antecedents of leader–follower distance, including organizational and task characteristics, national culture, and leader/follower implicit motives. Finally, we use configural theory to present eight typologies (i.e., coexistence of a cluster or constellation of independent factors serving as a unit of analysis) of leader distance and propose an integrated cross-level model of leader distance, linking the distance typologies to leader outcomes at the individual and group levels of analysis.     

我对当好乡镇长的几点思考

当前农村已经和正在发生着深刻而巨大的变化,特别是取消农业税和逐步推行新财政体制,这些新的情况必将对乡镇长的领导观念、领导方式产生深刻的影响,给乡镇领导带来新的挑战和考验.乡镇长如何面对挑战、迎接考验、不断适应这种变化,是摆在乡镇长面前迫切需要解决的重要课题.     

Developing a corporate planning model for a small company

This article describes the development and implementation of a corporate simulation model for a medium-sized New Zealand firm producing a range of medium density fiberboard products. Problems associated with the design and implementation of a planning model in a relatively young, capital-intensive company are highlighted in terms of changing objectives and model requirements. An assessment of costs and benefits is included.     

Organizational constraints: a meta-analysis of a major stressor

The stressor organizational constraints, reflecting aspects of the work environment that inhibit or interfere with an individual's performance of job tasks, is prevalent in the workplace. This meta-analysis summarizes findings concerning the relationships of organizational constraints with other variables. Using five search methods, we located 84 research reports that provided data from 119 independent samples that contained 33,998 employed individuals. Fitting a stressor–strain framework, constraints had significant relationships with behavioural (counterproductive work behaviour), physical (somatic symptoms), and psychological (e.g. emotions and job dissatisfaction) strains and with well-being variables. Relationships were also found with all other work environment variables, and most personal characteristics (demographics and personality) except for gender. Moreover, a series of regression and relative weights analyses based on meta-analytic correlations showed that constraints had a unique contribution to strain beyond other stressors. The current meta-analysis shows that many commonly studied variables are related to organizational constraints, and it should more often be the centre of empirical research and theoretical development.     

Finding a minimal spanning hypertree of a weighted hypergraph

Journal of Combinatorial Optimization - A hypergraph has a complex structure, which is why some re- searchers seek to transform the hypergraph into a graph. In this paper, we present two...