长沙大都市区研究

以长沙为中心的长株潭益都市区也就是长沙大都市区已经形成.长沙大都市区的发展对湖南省意义重大,它是湖南省"五位一体"建设的中心.作为跨行政区都市区,长沙大都市区空间组织的优化对其发展至关重要,务必实行科学的空间管治.     

城镇密集地区政府合作型跨境区域治理研究——以大珠三角西岸地区为例

在当代中国地方政府主导型市场经济发展背景下,促进区域政府合作是实现区域一体化的理性选择。大珠三角西岸地区“一国两制”背景下的跨境治理过程中,政府干预型协调模式的应用是弥补市场制度供给不足的一种必然选择。本文梳理了澳门与珠西地区从民间自发经贸合作到政府主导下的制度性协作的渐进发展过程,考察了大珠西地区跨境治理在组织架构、制度架构、规划指引和空间平台等方面的主要构成特征,指出了存在的主要问题和缺陷,并从制度、组织、规划、经济和设施等五个方面提出了区域整合的策略,以期在现有合作基础上建立起更大范围、更高层次、更加规范化的合作关系,来推动大珠西地区跨境区域治理机制进一步走向成熟。     

政府主导下大都市区的管治——以珠江三角洲为例

随着经济全球化的El益发展，大都市区成为全球竞争的焦点，管治作为解决大都市区困境的有效手段，受到政府部门及学者的关注。相较于长三角大都市区和环渤海的京津唐都市区，珠江三角洲大都市区的管治具有其独特性。本研究首先简要分析珠三角大都市区管治的必要性和管治历程，接着从政府、市场、非政府组织和公众四个方面阐述了珠三角大都市区管治的机制，研究结果表明政府在珠江三角洲大都市区的管治中起主导作用；非政府组织和公众在珠三角大都市区管治中参与不够；珠三角管治的效果有待提高。     

1996年以来北京就业空间结构与变动

利用北京市两次基本单位普查和两次全国经济普查数据,揭示自1996年以来北京就业空间格局及其变动特征。研究发现,北京仍处于就业向都市区集聚的阶段,就业密度从中心区向近郊区、都市区内沿和都市区外缘依次快速下降。中心区原有商业中心衍生出的金融街、泛CBD地区形成就业双中心。未来北京将继续保持中心区就业稳定、近郊区就业高速增长、都市区内沿快速增长的格局,不过中心区外围更多次级就业中心的快速增长将加快多中心格局的形成。     

宁夏大银川都市区生态空间网络的构建

都市区生态空间网络的构建是都市区内各个城市空间一体化和城乡统筹发展的重要内容。本文从宁夏大银川都市区独特的自然生态基底出发,以整个都市区为生态规划研究对象,提出不同于以往相对独立的生态城市规划实践的总体生态格局目标和理念;并结合大银川都市区的城乡发展进行了思考,从生态保护与生态建设指标体系的设立、生态空间骨架的搭建、生态要素的串联组织以及相应的政策保障措施等方面提出了构建宁夏大银川都市区生态空间网络的策略。     

创意空间与地方政府:广州红专厂的案例分析

创意空间被视为中国向知识经济转型中突出的成果。本文旨在建构分析广州市创意空间发展的理论框架,分析地方政府在其中的复杂角色,并以红专厂为案例进行深入分析。红专厂经历了一条独特的发展路径:最初它只是看作一个创意空间,但很快发展成中国南部地区一个著名的创意园区,现在它却又面临着被拆除的威胁。本文分析采用了郑洁建构的"企业化政府"概念。结果表明:(1)掌握关键资源的个人主导政府决策现象在地方政府仍然高度盛行。尽管创意空间的管治框架在逐步演变,这在市一级政府中仍然发生。(2)现阶段,创意空间的制度化发展框架不仅没有完成,而且显得破碎化。(3)案例研究也表明企业化的地方政府及其政策制定都高度依赖上级政府。     

在上海国际航运中心建设中努力建立长三角港口群协调发展机制

本文认为,建立长三角港口群协调发展机制是区域经济发展的需要,是建设上海国际航运中心的必然要求,符合长三角港口发展的内在规律,也符合国家和企业的利益。在长三角港口群建立协调机制有利于统筹规划和科学合理地开发利用区域港口岸线资源,有利于科学配置区域港口集疏运体系和沟通内河通道,有利于规范港口市场和构建区域港口群的协调发展机制,有利于整合信息渠道和建立区域港口信息数据传输共享平台,有利于构建区域港口综合体系和提升国际竞争力。本文设计了长三角港口群协调发展机制的四种可供选择的模式：市场主导型、中央主导型、地方联合型和中央地方联合型,并进行了特点比较,提出了长三角港口群协调发展机制的推进方式。     

穗莞惠城际“叠加协调”机制研究

本文结合地方实际发展情况,对东江下游沿岸发展较为滞后的穗莞惠城际协调地区提出未来协调发展的初步建议,加强其空间整合和产业链接关系,促进其社会经济全面发展,从而有利于珠三角区域一体化的全面、均衡推进。     

站城一体化视角下的轨交地块开发与空间效能研究——以上海三个轨交站为例

以轨道交通车站为中心的"站城一体开发"形成集约化发展的城市区域中心,逐渐成为国内高速发展城市的重要结构特征。本文通过其站点整合周边公共资源促发城市活力的能力即站点整合力来考量地区集约化发展效果,主要通过与轨交站点直接连通的核心轨交综合体进行考察。文章提出"空间效能"的核心概念,并集中从"空间效率"及"空间品质"等方面进行实证研究。研究采用案例分析和实地调研结合的研究方法,通过现场实验收集的数据比较,归纳出站点整合效果的表现特征及影响因素,为更多城市及地区站城一体开发提供理论参考和开发依据。     

国土空间规划背景下城市更新落地的探索 — —以佛山市南海区夏北村"三旧"改造为例

珠江三角洲农村社区"自下而上"的城市化形成了大量低效的集体建设用地,随着区位的提升,都市区的形成和产业结构的升级推动了存量建设用地的更新改造.如何在发展中优化结构、提高存量国土空间资源使用效率、保障公共空间与公共设施落地以及提升城市空间品质?2009年,国家、省、市和地方政府各个层面出台了一系列文件推动珠江三角洲地区的...     

高校辅导员专业化和职业化的制约因素

高校辅导员专业化培养和职业化发展既是高校提高大学生思想政治教育有效性和辅导员队伍适应高校教育改革的要求,也是辅导员自身发展的需要。面对当前辅导员队伍呈现管理强而教育弱、工作范畴的全职型而非专业型和缺乏相关学科专业背景知识的实际状况,高校应明确辅导员工作职责、对辅导员工作进行专业划分、建立以综合能力为主的高校辅导员提升内容及评价体系、开展学生工作的学科建设和科学研究、制定切实可行的辅导员专业技术职务评定体系,为辅导员专业化和职业化铺平道路。     

Acceptance and Caregiving of Married and Divorced Custodial Mothers and Fathers

The study examined whether differences in gender and family status affect parental caregiving disposition and acceptance of children among parents of children in mid-childhood. The number of participants were 122 divorced-custodial fathers, 107 married fathers, 85 divorced-custodial mothers, and 82 married mothers (n?=?398). A comparison among four groups of parents revealed the following gender differences: mothers scored higher on anxious caregiving and parental acceptance than fathers, and lower on avoidant caregiving. Regression analysis indicated that the higher the caregiving avoidance or anxiety, the lower the parental acceptance. Family status moderated parental acceptance, as avoidant caregiving was associated with reduced parental acceptance among married parents, but not among divorced custodial parents. The finding that avoidant caregiving was not associated with reduced acceptance among divorced custodial parents implies that their parental acceptance behaviors toward their children are affected by their parental status as sole custodial parent, and the associated responsibilities, rather than by gender.     

College students' perceptions of risk and addictiveness of e-cigarettes and cigarettes

Background: As conventional cigarette use is declining, electronic cigarette (“e-cigarette”) use is rising and is especially high among college students. Few studies examine dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes among this population. This study explores the relationship between dual and exclusive e-cigarette / cigarette use and perceptions of harm and addictiveness of both products. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of data from students attending 24 colleges in Texas (n=5,482). Multinomial logistic regression was employed to test the association between current e-cigarette / cigarette use and perceived harm and addictiveness of both products. Three tobacco groups were included: cigarette only users, e-cigarette only users, and dual users. Results: Dual users reported lower perceived harm of e-cigarettes most consistently (p<0.001, all comparisons). Perceived harm of cigarettes was significantly lower among cigarette only and dual users only, compared to non-users (p<0.001, all comparisons). Compared to non-users, all three groups reported significantly lower perceived addictiveness of e-cigarettes (p<0.001, all comparisons). The same finding was observed for perceived addictiveness of cigarettes, though findings were less consistent for the e-cigarette only group (p<0.02, all comparisons except one). Conclusion: Findings demonstrate that among college students, perceptions of harm and addictiveness of e-cigarettes are lower than those for conventional cigarettes. For both products, perceptions of harm and addictiveness were lower among exclusive and dual users, compared to non-users.     

Similarity and Complementarity of Behavioral Profiles of Friendship Types and Types of Friends: Friendships and Psychosocial Adjustment

This study investigated different types of friendships and the behavioral profiles of different types of friends in relation to individual adjustment. In 102 classes with preadolescents (mean age 11), 737 independent friendship dyads, and in 149 classes with adolescents (mean age 14), 1,102 friendship dyads were identified. At each age group, cluster analyses on the behavioral profiles of the dyads yielded three friendship types, with two types of friends within each friendship type: Socially Withdrawn friendship (Victimized Withdrawn and Prosocial Withdrawn friends), Prosocial friendship (High Prosocial and Less Prosocial friends), and Antisocial friendship (Bullying Antisocial and Antisocial friends). The behavioral profiles of the two friends in Prosocial friendships were marked by similarity and in the other two types by complementarity. Both Victimized Withdrawn and Bullying Antisocial friends were less adjusted than participants without friends while Prosocial friends were more adjusted.     

The Co-Evolution of Marriage and Parental Rights of Gays and Lesbians

ABSTRACT

Historically, federal and state legislation placed different conditions on same- and opposite-sex couples' ability to marry, adopt, or exercise their parental rights. Given the historical intertwining of marriage and parenting, legal issues remain hinged on differing conceptions of marriage and what constitutes a legal family in the United States, especially for same-sex partners compared to their different-sexed couple counterparts. This article provides a historical review of decisions that serve as the foundation for queer parenting rights in the United States. A key focus is on the impact of the U.S. Supreme Court Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) marriage decision on queer parenting and its relevance to researchers and practitioners whose work involves queer families. State discrepancies continue to exist for the treatment of parental rights in spite of the legalization of same-sex marriage. Finally, suggestions are provided for future directions for the field.     

Parenting Responses and Parenting Goals of Mothers and Fathers of Adolescents

We extended on previous work by examining the contextual nature of parenting goals in mothers and fathers of adolescents. We also examined dyadic parenting similarity in parenting responses and parenting goals. Participants were 285 primarily professional (48.6%), White (82.7%) parents of adolescents aged 14 to 17 years old (mothers n = 213, fathers n = 68, dyads n = 43). Results of a 2 × 2 × 6 MANCOVA indicated that parenting goals were influenced by characteristics of the situation but not by parent or adolescent gender. There was dyadic parenting similarity for parenting responses and dyadic similarity for parenting goals. The implications of these findings for parenting interventions and future parenting research using within family comparisons are discussed.     

Powerlessness and Abuse and Neglect of Older Adults

ABSTRACT

This article is a qualitative study which addresses the interacting relationship between the environmental context of care giving and abuse and neglect of older adults. These are examined through a thematic content analysis of risk factors identified in sixteen ‘in depth’ interviews of abused and neglected victims including two of their abusers. The interviews provide a portrait of their past and present situations, their roles and relationships and the process through which the interviewees move into their described process of powerlessness.

The interviewees are analysed through a critical, systemic, ecological analysis of the historical, gender and cultural perspectives of the interviewees. Through the relationships of the victims and their abusers in the macro, meso, exo and micro systems, questions are raised about the growing debate regarding changes in family patterns and demographics that affect how societies define the provision of care to their dependent adults. They demonstrate that violence is produced by complex interacting systems and significant events, that impact on the life courses of some older adults and some care givers leading them into powerless positions and resulting in abuse and neglect.